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Science 9 Chp. 14 Practice Test

Total questions: 128

Worksheet time: 6hrs 24mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
In all cooling systems, energy is transferred as heat from one substance to another, leaving the first substance with less energy and with a lower temperature. _________________________
a)
true
b)
false
2.
As the temperature of mercury inside the thermometer increases, its volume increases. _________________________
a)
true
b)
false
3.
Energy is transferred as heat between two objects of same temperatures. _________________________
a)
true
b)
false
4.
Heating by convection can occur only through solids. _________________________
a)
true
b)
false
5.
A good insulator is a poor conductor. _________________________
a)
true
b)
false
6.
It takes more heat energy to raise the temperature of water by one degree than to raise the temperature of steam by the same amount. _________________________
a)
true
b)
false
7.
Insulation minimizes undesirable energy transfers. _________________________
a)
true
b)
false
8.
People feel most comfortable when the temperature of the air is 98.6°F. _________________________
a)
true
b)
false
9.
An example of an external combustion engine is a steam engine. _________________________
a)
true
b)
false
10.
A degree on the Fahrenheit scale is a bigger unit than a degree on the Celsius scale. _______________________
a)
true
b)
false
11.
Energy is transferred as heat from a substance at high temperature to a substance at low temperature. _______________________
a)
true
b)
false
12.
A hot object emits less radiation than a cool object. _______________________
a)
true
b)
false
13.
An active solar heating system needs sunlight and electricity as sources of energy. _______________________
a)
true
b)
false
14.
When a refrigerant evaporates it adds energy as heat to its surroundings. _______________________
a)
true
b)
false
15.
On the Fahrenheit scale, water freezes at –32°F. _______________________
a)
true
b)
false
16.
Radiation is the only method of energy transfer that can take place in a vacuum. _______________________
a)
true
b)
false
17.
An example of an internal combustion engine is a diesel engine. _______________________
a)
true
b)
false
18.
Some of the energy generated as heat by a heating system is wasted. _______________________
a)
true
b)
false
19.
When a refrigerant condenses, it gives up energy as heat to its surroundings. _______________________
a)
true
b)
false
20.
According to the first law of thermodynamics,
a)
there is no such thing as a perpetual motion machine.
b)
the energy of a system is constant.
c)
the total energy used in any process is conserved.
d)
in any process there is a decrease in potential energy.
21.

The Fahrenheit temperature scale is defined by which of the following temperatures?

a)

Water boils at 100 degrees and freezes at 32 degrees.

b)

Water boils at 212 degrees and freezes at 32 degrees.

c)

Water evaporates at 212 degrees and freezes at 0 degrees.

d)

Liquid water turns to a gas at 100 degrees and to a solid at 0 degrees.

22.

A cold-blooded reptile basks on a warm rock in the sun. Its body is warmed by

a)

radiation.

b)

conduction.

c)

convection.

d)

Both radiation and conduction

23.

An internal combustion engine uses what kind of energy to do work?

a)

radiation

b)

heat

c)

solar

d)

electrical

24.
Temperature is a measure of the average _____ energy of an object’s particles.
a)
mechanical
b)
kinetic
c)
potential
d)
light
25.

Which of the following is the name of a temperature scale?

a)

Celsius

b)

Fahrenheit

c)

Kelvin

d)

All of these

26.
Convert 75°C to degrees Fahrenheit.
a)
74°F
b)
102°F
c)
150°F
d)
167°F
27.
The temperature at which all molecular motion stops is
a)
0°C.
b)
0°F.
c)
0 K.
d)
All of the above
28.
Convert 500°F to degrees Celsius.
a)
260°C
b)
296°C
c)
842°C
d)
958°C
29.
When one feels a warm oven, the sensation of warmth is the result of
a)
energy transfer.
b)
potential energy.
c)
contraction of molecules.
d)
molecular transfer.
30.
Convert 300 K to the Celsius scale.
a)
0°C
b)
27°C
c)
73°C
d)
573°C
31.

Convert 458 K to the equivalent Fahrenheit temperature.

a)

185°F

b)

237°F

c)

365°F

d)

731°F

32.
The energy transferred between objects with different temperatures is
a)
absolute zero.
b)
heat.
c)
potential.
d)
cold.
33.
Which of the following temperatures is impossible to measure?
a)
-85°F
b)
-50°C
c)
-20 K
d)
545°F
34.
_____ describes how much energy is required to raise an object’s temperature.
a)
Conduction
b)
Radiation
c)
Specific heat
d)
Convection
35.

Calculate the energy transferred when raising the temperature of 16 kg of water by 3°C (c = 4,186 J/kg • K).

a)

785 J

b)

2.2 kJ

c)

1.26 x 105 J

d)

2.0 x 105 J

36.
_____ does not involve the movement of matter.
a)
Conduction
b)
Radiation
c)
Heat
d)
Convection
37.
Calculate the specific heat for a 20 g piece of metal if 30 J of energy is required to raise its temperature by 12.5 K.
a)
0.12 J/kg • K
b)
7.5 J/kg • K
c)
120 J/kg • K
d)
48 kJ/kg • K
38.
Heat always moves from an object of _____ temperature to an object of _____ temperature.
a)
moderate, high
b)
higher, lower
c)
lower, higher
d)
zero, high
39.
A drill bit will get hot after extended use. This is because of
a)
potential energy.
b)
refrigeration.
c)
mechanical heating.
d)
solar heating.
40.
Solar panels gather _____ energy from the sun.
a)
kinetic
b)
radiated
c)
potential
d)
mechanical
41.
When energy is transformed, the amount of usable energy
a)
decreases.
b)
remains constant.
c)
increases.
d)
None of the above
42.
A solar heating system that utilizes an electric fan to move warm air throughout a home is called a(n) _____ system.
a)
active
b)
aggressive
c)
convective
d)
passive
43.
Which item below contains insulation material?
a)
stainless steel fork
b)
aluminum pie pan
c)
brass nail
d)
plastic foam cup
44.
Evaporation causes a _____ effect.
a)
basking
b)
radiation
c)
cooling
d)
heating
45.
Heat engines use _____ to convert potential chemical energy and internal kinetic energy into mechanical energy.
a)
conduction
b)
combustion
c)
radiation
d)
convection
46.
An engine transforms chemical energy of a fuel into work done by
a)
a carburetor.
b)
friction.
c)
spark plugs.
d)
pistons.
47.
The total amount of energy (both usable and unusable) in any process
a)
increases.
b)
decreases.
c)
remains constant.
d)
varies.
48.
What is 37.0 degrees Celsius on the Fahrenheit scale?
a)
98.6°F
b)
87.0°F
c)
92.0°F
d)
102.0°F
49.
As the kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance increases, the
a)
temperature of the substance increases.
b)
temperature of the substance decreases.
c)
potential energy of the substance changes.
d)
temperature remains the same.
50.
The transfer of energy as heat caused by the collision of molecules is called
a)
convection.
b)
conduction.
c)
contact.
d)
radiation.
51.
In an air conditioner, a substance that easily evaporates and condenses is used to transfer energy from a room to the air outside. When the substance evaporates,
a)
it absorbs energy as heat from the surrounding air.
b)
it transfers energy as heat to the surrounding air.
c)
energy is transferred by conduction.
d)
energy is transferred by convection.
52.

The temperature of a substance increases by 3 K when 1,635 J is added to a 2 kg quantity of the substance. What is the specific heat of the substance?

a)

242 J/kg • K

b)

273 J/kg • K

c)

300 J/kg • K

d)

817 J/kg • K

53.

The temperature of 1.5 kg of ethanol is 37°C. What will the final temperature be if 80,000 J of energy as heat is added to the ethanol?

a)

22°C

b)

51°C

c)

59°C

d)

67°C

54.
Energy from the sun reaches Earth by
a)
conduction and radiation.
b)
radiation only.
c)
conduction and convection.
d)
conduction only.
55.
Convection currents rise in air because
a)
hot air rises and cold air remains stagnant.
b)
cool air descends and hot air rises.
c)
the molecules in hot air move faster.
d)
hot air has less friction.
56.

Using the following table, determine which substance can absorb the most energy in a temperature increase of 1 K.

a)

liquid water

b)

aluminum

c)

gold

d)

lead

57.
What is –175°C on the Kelvin scale?
a)
76 K
b)
89 K
c)
98 K
d)
448 K
58.
Temperature is
a)
associated with the sensation of hot and cold.
b)
proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecules.
c)
measured with thermometers.
d)
All of the above
59.
The transfer of energy by the movement of fluids or gases with different temperatures is called
a)
convection.
b)
conduction.
c)
contact.
d)
radiation.
60.
Which method of energy transfer does not involve movement of matter?
a)
convection
b)
conduction
c)
radiation
d)
None of the above
61.

Which of the following substances is the best conductor of transferring energy as heat?

a)

carbon dioxide gas

b)

water

c)

iron

d)

rubber

62.

Which substance listed in the table has a specific heat approximately 10 times greater than the specific heat of silver?

a)

water

b)

ethanol

c)

carbon

d)

mercury

63.

10.0 kg of a substance underwent a 3.0 K change in temperature when 11,500 J of energy as heat was added to the substance. What is the substance?

a)

gold

b)

water

c)

copper

d)

aluminum

64.
Which of the following statements is true?
a)
Energy as heat is transferred from a lower temperature to a higher temperature.
b)
Energy as heat is transferred from a higher temperature to a lower temperature.
c)
The amount of heat in a closed system is a constant.
d)
Energy as heat transferred into an object is determined by the amount of work done on the object.
65.

How much heat energy will cause the temperature of 7.0 kg of iron to increase its temperature by 15 K? The specific heat of iron is 449 J/kg • K.

a)

6.8 x 104 J

b)

4.7 x 104 J

c)

7.0 x 104 J

d)

3.0 x 104 J

66.
The movement of a gas or liquid due to expansion and contraction caused by temperature differences within the fluid is called a ______________________________.
a)
conduction current
b)
convection current
c)
heat
d)
radiation
67.
The amount of heat energy transferred that will raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K is called _________________________.
a)
temperature
b)
insulator
c)
specific heat
d)
conductor
68.
A(n) ____________________ is a device for measuring temperature.
a)
barometer
b)
carburetor
c)
thermometer
d)
conductor
69.
The energy transferred between the particles of two objects because of the temperature difference between the two objects is called ____________________.
a)
heat
b)
conduction
c)
convection
d)
radiation
70.
The transfer of energy by the movement of fluids with different temperatures is called ____________________.
a)
convection
b)
radiation
c)
conduction
d)
heat
71.
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called ____________________.
a)
convection
b)
radiation
c)
conduction
d)
heat
72.
A(n) ____________________ is a material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat.
a)
conductor
b)
insulator
73.

____________________ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles within an object.

a)

Absolute zero

b)

Temperature

c)

Heat

74.

_________________________ is the temperature at which an object’s energy is minimal.

a)

0º Celcius

b)

0º Fahrenheit

c)

0 Kelvin

75.

____________________ transfers heat energy between particles as they collide within a substance or between two objects in contact.

a)

Convection

b)

Radiation

c)

Conduction

d)

Heat

76.

Radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet rays, and X rays are forms of ___________________________________.

a)

heat

b)

electromagnetic waves

c)

convection

77.
A(n) ____________________ is a material that is a poor energy conductor.
a)
conductor
b)
insulator
78.

Which of the following is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object?

a)

Temperature

b)

Volume

c)

Pressure

d)

Density

79.

Which three temperature scales are commonly used in different parts of the world?

a)

Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin

b)

Celsius, Newton, Rankine

c)

Kelvin, Joule, Fahrenheit

d)

Celsius, Pascal, Fahrenheit

80.

What happens to most substances when their temperature increases?

a)

They expand

b)

They contract

c)

They freeze

d)

They evaporate

81.

How does the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance relate to its temperature?

a)

As the average kinetic energy increases, the temperature increases

b)

As the average kinetic energy increases, the temperature decreases

c)

The average kinetic energy does not affect temperature

d)

Temperature only depends on the volume of the substance

82.

Why do common thermometers rely on expansion?

a)

Because most substances expand when their temperature increases

b)

Because expansion causes substances to cool down

c)

Because expansion makes substances change color

d)

Because expansion decreases the kinetic energy of particles

83.

Explain why thermostats rely on the expansion of different metals to measure temperature. Use reasoning based on the properties of metals and temperature changes.

a)

Different metals expand at different rates, allowing thermostats to detect temperature changes accurately

b)

All metals expand at the same rate, making thermostats unreliable

c)

Metals contract when heated, which helps thermostats measure temperature

d)

Thermostats use metals because they are good insulators

84.

On the Fahrenheit scale, at what temperature does water freeze?

a)

0 °F

b)

32 °F

c)

100 °F

d)

212 °F

85.

How many degrees Fahrenheit is one degree Celsius equal to?

a)

1.0 degrees Fahrenheit

b)

2.0 degrees Fahrenheit

c)

1.8 degrees Fahrenheit

d)

0.5 degrees Fahrenheit

86.

Which equation correctly converts Celsius to Fahrenheit?

a)

Tf = 1.8Tc + 32.0

b)

Tf = Tc / 1.8 + 32.0

c)

Tf = Tc - 32.0 / 1.8

d)

Tf = Tc + 273

87.

What is absolute zero on the Kelvin scale?

a)

273 K

b)

0 K

c)

100 K

d)

-273 K

88.

What is the Celsius-Kelvin conversion equation?

a)

TK = TC + 273

b)

TK = TC - 273

c)

TK = TC + 237

d)

TK = TC / 237

89.

Why do things feel hot or cold according to the material?

a)

Because of their color

b)

Due to energy transfer resulting from temperature difference

c)

Because of their size

d)

Due to their shape

90.

If two objects at different temperatures are touching, what happens?

a)

No energy is transferred

b)

Energy is transferred from one to the other

c)

Both objects cool down

d)

Both objects heat up

91.

Which of the following best describes "heat" as defined in the material?

a)

The temperature of an object

b)

The energy transferred between objects at different temperatures

c)

The color change in an object

d)

The mass of an object

92.

A scientist measures the temperature of water as 100 °C. What is this temperature in Kelvin?

a)

100 K

b)

237 K

c)

337 K

d)

373 K

93.

From which direction does the transfer of energy as heat always take place?

a)

From something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature

b)

From something at a lower temperature to something at a higher temperature

c)

Equally in both directions

d)

Only between objects of the same temperature

94.

What happens to the rate of energy transfer as heat when the difference in temperature between two objects increases?

a)

The energy is transferred faster

b)

The energy is transferred slower

c)

The energy transfer stops

d)

The energy transfer remains the same

95.

Suppose you have two objects: Object A at 80°C and Object B at 20°C. According to the principles of heat transfer, in which direction will heat flow?

a)

From Object A to Object B

b)

From Object B to Object A

c)

No heat will flow

d)

Heat will flow in both directions equally

96.

If the temperature difference between two objects is small, how will this affect the speed of heat transfer between them?

a)

The heat will transfer slowly

b)

The heat will transfer quickly

c)

The heat will not transfer at all

d)

The heat will transfer at a constant rate regardless of temperature difference

97.

Which of the following is NOT a method by which heat energy can be transferred?

a)

Conduction

b)

Convection

c)

Radiation

d)

Reflection

98.

What is conduction?

a)

The transfer of energy as heat through a material in direct contact

b)

The movement of matter due to differences in density

c)

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

d)

The vertical movement of air currents

99.

Which statement best describes convection?

a)

The transfer of energy as heat through a solid material

b)

The movement of matter due to differences in density caused by temperature variations

c)

The transfer of energy by particle collisions in gases

d)

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

100.

Why are gases considered poor conductors of heat?

a)

Their particles are tightly packed together

b)

Their particles are so far apart

c)

They transfer energy by radiation

d)

They have high density

101.

What is the main difference between a conductor and an insulator?

a)

Conductors transfer energy poorly, insulators transfer energy easily

b)

Conductors transfer energy easily, insulators transfer energy poorly

c)

Both conductors and insulators transfer energy easily

d)

Both conductors and insulators transfer energy poorly

102.

Which process is involved in the heating and cooling of a room?

a)

Conduction currents

b)

Convection currents

c)

Radiation currents

d)

Insulation currents

103.

Suppose you are designing a container to keep a drink hot for a long time. Which type of material would you use for the container’s walls, and why?

a)

A conductor, because it transfers heat easily

b)

An insulator, because it transfers heat poorly

c)

A gas, because its particles are far apart

d)

A metal, because it is shiny

104.

Which type of material usually conducts energy better?

a)

Denser materials

b)

Less dense materials

c)

Plastics

d)

Gases

105.

What is specific heat?

a)

The quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogenous material 1 K or 1 °C in a specified way given constant pressure and volume

b)

The amount of heat needed to melt a substance

c)

The temperature at which a substance boils

d)

The energy required to freeze a material

106.

Which of the following materials tends to conduct energy very well?

a)

Metals

b)

Plastics

c)

Wood

d)

Air

107.

What does the symbol "c" represent in the context of heat and temperature?

a)

Specific heat

b)

Mass

c)

Temperature change

d)

Energy

108.

Which equation is used to calculate the energy required to raise an object's temperature?

a)

energy = specific heat × mass × temperature change

b)

energy = mass × temperature change

c)

energy = specific heat × temperature change

d)

energy = mass × specific heat

109.

While a substance is melting or boiling, what happens to its temperature?

a)

It does not change

b)

It increases rapidly

c)

It decreases

d)

It fluctuates randomly

110.

How can specific heat be used in practical applications?

a)

To figure out how much energy it takes to raise an object's temperature

b)

To determine the color of a material

c)

To measure the density of a substance

d)

To calculate the boiling point of water

111.

Why do plastics conduct energy poorly compared to metals?

a)

Plastics have lower density and different molecular structure

b)

Plastics are always colder than metals

c)

Plastics are heavier than metals

d)

Plastics are magnetic

112.

A student wants to increase the temperature of 2 kg of water by 5°C. If the specific heat of water is 4,186 J/(kg·°C), how much energy is required?

a)

41,860 J

b)

20,930 J

c)

8,372 J

d)

2,093 J

113.

Which law of thermodynamics states that the total energy used in any process is conserved, whether that energy is transferred as a result of work, heat, or both?

a)

First law of thermodynamics

b)

Second law of thermodynamics

c)

Law of entropy

d)

Law of conservation of mass

114.

According to the second law of thermodynamics, how does heat energy always move when it is transferred?

a)

From an object at a lower temperature to an object at a higher temperature

b)

From an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature

c)

Equally in all directions regardless of temperature

d)

Only through conduction

115.

What is the effect of work on the average kinetic energy of a system?

a)

It decreases average kinetic energy

b)

It increases average kinetic energy

c)

It has no effect on kinetic energy

d)

It converts kinetic energy to potential energy

116.

What does the term "entropy" measure in a system?

a)

The amount of heat transferred

b)

The speed of particles

c)

The randomness or disorder of a system

d)

The mechanical energy produced

117.

What happens to usable energy in all energy transfers?

a)

Usable energy increases

b)

Usable energy remains the same

c)

Usable energy decreases

d)

Usable energy is destroyed

118.

If entropy increases in a system, what happens to the amount of energy in a usable form?

a)

More energy is in a usable form

b)

Less energy is in a usable form

c)

Usable energy remains unchanged

d)

Usable energy is converted to mass

119.

What do heat engines do?

a)

Convert mechanical energy to heat energy

b)

Convert heat energy to electrical energy

c)

Convert potential chemical energy and internal kinetic energy to mechanical energy

d)

Store heat energy for later use

120.

By what process do heat engines convert energy to mechanical energy?

a)

Radiation

b)

Conduction

c)

Combustion

d)

Evaporation

121.

Which process may cause energy to be transferred to the surroundings during energy transfers?

a)

Conduction and radiation

b)

Combustion and evaporation

c)

Fusion and fission

d)

Reflection and refraction

122.

Why does the disorder of a system tend to increase over time?

a)

Because energy is always created

b)

Because entropy of the system tends to increase

c)

Because heat energy is always lost

d)

Because mechanical energy is always converted to heat

123.

Which of the following best defines a heat engine?

a)

A machine that transforms heat into mechanical energy, or work

b)

A device that stores electrical energy

c)

A machine that cools down substances

d)

A device that produces light from heat

124.

What are the two main types of heat engines?

a)

Internal-combustion engines and external-combustion engines

b)

Electric engines and solar engines

c)

Steam engines and water engines

d)

Gas engines and diesel engines

125.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four strokes in a four-stroke automobile engine?

a)

Intake

b)

Compression

c)

Expansion

d)

Exhaust

126.

What is the main function of a carburetor in an automobile engine?

a)

It vaporizes liquid gasoline

b)

It compresses air

c)

It cools the engine

d)

It generates electricity

127.

Why do internal-combustion engines always generate heat?

a)

Because friction and other forces cause much of the energy to be lost to the atmosphere as heat

b)

Because they use water as fuel

c)

Because they operate at low temperatures

d)

Because they do not use any moving parts

128.

Given the four strokes of an automobile engine (intake, compression, power, exhaust), describe the sequence and purpose of each stroke in the engine cycle.

a)

Intake brings in air-fuel mixture, compression compresses it, power ignites it to produce energy, exhaust expels waste gases

b)

Intake expels gases, compression brings in air, power cools the engine, exhaust ignites fuel

c)

Intake compresses air, compression ignites fuel, power expels gases, exhaust brings in air

d)

Intake cools the engine, compression expels gases, power brings in air, exhaust ignites fuel

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Physics Quiz

quiz

Worksheet

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9th - 12th Grade