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WorksheetsEarth Space Science Review
Total questions: 88
Worksheet time: 44mins
What force pulled the solar system together out of a cloud of gas and dust?
The strong force
gravity
electrical force
magnetic force
Which of the following is a terrestrial planet?
Jupiter
Saturn
Mercury
Neptune
Which of the following can be found in the Kuiper Belt?
In terms of orbit, the Earth is to the sun as what is to the Earth?
Mars
The moon
A comet
Venus
What was contained in the singularity that gave rise to the Big Bang? Choose the best answer.
Gamma rays
Electrons in a highly excited state
One atom of every known element in our universe
All the mass, energy, and time in our universe
What do the initial moments after the Big Bang have in common with the universe as it exists now? Choose the best answer.
All the stars, galaxies, and planets that exist today were formed just a few moments after the Big Bang
The universe back then could not sustain life, and it cannot sustain life now
The universe was extremely hot then, and it is still extremely hot now
The universe began expanding then, and it is still expanding today
The light from a star moving away from us would be experiencing:
Redshift
Blueshift
Greenshift
Whiteshift
Which of the following happens before a black hole comes into existence?
Gravity ceases to exist in a certain region of space
A new star is born at the center of a galaxy
An old star collapses in on itself
The fabric of spacetime is ripped by a star or planet
About how old do scientists think the universe is?
14 million years
140 million years
14 billion years
140 billion years
Which of the following represents an elliptical galaxy?
How are elliptical galaxies different from spiral galaxies?
they contain older stars and less gas and dust
they contain younger stars and more gas and dust
they are bigger than spiral galaxies
they are smaller than spiral galaxies
What would happen to galaxies without gravity?
They would spin faster
They would contain stronger black holes
They would contain more stars
They would fall apart
Which of the following is a true statement about irregular galaxies?
They are older than other types of galaxies
They all contain massive black holes at their centers
They contain relatively little gas and dust
They consist mainly of young stars
Place the following stages of life in order of a low-mass star, like the sun. A) Red giant; B) White dwarf; C) Main sequence star
C, A, B
A, C, B
B, A, C
B, C, A
Which of the following describes the process of nuclear fusion?
Hydrogen and oxygen atoms combine to make water molecules
Helium atoms split apart to form hydrogen atoms
Water molecules break apart into hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Hydrogen atoms combine to make helium atoms
What effect does gravity have on stars?
It allows stars to break free of their galaxies
It helps break helium atoms apart inside of stars
It forms stars from clouds of gas and dust, and causes them to ignite
It causes stars to swell from white dwarfs to red giants
What is a supernova?
A type of black holes
An incredible dense but small star
A star that is large and not dense
The explosion of a large star
What will a star that's 1,000 times as massive as the sun ultimately become?
A white dwarf
A black hole
A planetary nebula
A red giant
Which of the following depicts a planetary nebula?
How much of the moon's bright side can you see during a new moon?
0 percent
10 percent
50 percent
100 percent
Which of the following phenomena never affects the moon's phase?
The moon's orbit around the earth
The earth's orbit around the sun
The earth's rotation on its axis
The relative positions of the earth, moon, and sun
Which of these terms best describes the moon in this image?
Crescent
Waxing
Gibbous
Waning
Place the following phases of the moon in the correct sequence: A) Waxing crescent; B) Waning gibbous; C) Third quarter moon
A, B, C
A, C, B
C, A, B
B, C, A
The Sun's radiation is responsible for earth's ____________.
Temperature
Magnetic field
Rotation
Atmosphere
Where can you find the photosphere?
At the surface of the sun
In the earth's atmosphere
Deep within the sun
1,000 km away from the sun
Which two elements make up the sun?
Carbon and nitrogen
Hydrogen and oxygen
Oxygen and carbon
Hydrogen and helium
What causes the seasons?
Changes in the sun's intensity
The earth's changing distance from the sun
The tilt of the earth on its axis
The earth's rotation
What effect does the sun's electromagnetic field have?
It causes dark patches called sunspots
It causes the sun to rotate
It causes fusion reactions
It causes the sun to shine
What are earth's three main layers?
Core, mantle, and surface
Core, mantle, and crust
Inner core, outer core, and mantle
Upper mantle, lower mantle, and crust
Where is the earth's crust the thickest?
What effect does the spinning of the earth's core have?
It creates gravity
It creates matter
It creates mass
It creates the earth's magnetic field
What is the only entirely liquid layer of the earth?
The upper mantle
The outer core
The inner core
The lower mantle
If the earth's mantle were completely solid, __________ plates could not move around
Tectonic
Technical
Titanic
Agonstic
What gas makes up the majority of the Earth's atmosphere?
oxygen
carbon dioxide
argon
nitrogen
Place the following atmospheric layers in sequence, from lowest to highest: A) Exosphere; B) Stratosphere; C) Troposphere
A, C, B
B, A, C
C, B, A
C, A, B
Which of the following is a true statement about the stratosphere?
The temperature gets warmer the higher you go
The temperature gets colder the higher you go
There is more oxygen the higher you go
There is more carbon dioxide the higher you go
Why is the ozone layer so important?
Because it traps most of the sun's heat
Because it contains most of the earth's oxygen
Because it blocks harmful ultraviolet rays
Because it allows ultraviolet rays to warm the stratosphere
Which term accurately describes the mesosphere?
Extremely cold
Extremely warm
Extremely low
Extremely high up
In the name "thermosphere," the prefix "thermo-" refers to what?
Atmospheric gases
Altitude
Meteors
Heat
Which region of the atmosphere is filled with charged particles?
The troposphere
The mesosphere
The ionosphere
The ozone layer
If you wanted to fly through a cloud, which atmospheric layer would you fly through?
The troposphere
The mesosphere
The ionosphere
The exosphere
Why is it difficult to breathe at high altitudes?
Because you are closer to the sun the higher you go
Because atmospheric gases become thinner the higher you go
Because there is more carbon dioxide the higher you go
Because there is no oxygen in the troposphere
Which of the following devices measures air pressure?
If it's a hot day outside, what can you conclude?
The wind will blow extremely fast
The air will be able to hold very little moisture
There will probably be a lot of clouds
The air will be able to hold a lot of moisture
What is the difference between absolute humidity and relative humidity?
Absolute humidity is expressed as a percentage; relative humidity is expressed as a whole number
Absolute humidity is how much water the air can hold; relative humidity represents how much water the air actually holds
Relative humidity makes the air sticky; absolute humidity makes the air dry
Absolute humidity represents how much water the air actually holds; relative humidity is how much water the air can hold
What are the characteristics of a high-pressure system?
wind and rain
clear skies and sun
humidity and thunder
extremely hot temperatures
What will happen if the relative humidity is 100 percent, and the temperature begins falling?
The air will be sticky and uncomfortable
It will start to rain
The temperature will rise
The barometric pressure will rise
What is weathering?
A process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces
A shift in weather patterns
The process by which mountains are formed
The process by which the seasons change
How is mechanical weathering different from chemical weathering?
Chemical weathering happens over a much shorter time frame than mechanical weathering
Chemical weathering occurs in the tropics; mechanical weathering occurs in temperate climates
Chemical weathering occurs in mountains; mechanical weathering occurs on flat surfaces
Chemical weathering changes the chemical composition of materials; mechanical weathering does not
What might cause mechanical weathering?
Acid rain
Violent earthquakes
Growing plants and expanding ice
Volcanic eruptions
What impact does weathering have on soil formation?
Chemical weathering adds helpful chemicals to the soil
Rocks are broken down into smaller pieces, and finally into sediment
Mechanical weathering adds ice to the soil, which turns into water
Volcanic eruptions contribute metamorphic rocks to the soil
What types of rocks are formed by weathering?
Metamorphic rocks
Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Volcanic rocks
What process hollows out limestone caves?
Mechanical weathering
Chemical weathering
Spatial weathering
Cave weathering
What evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift?
Fossil discoveries
The Himalayan Mountains
Ancient maps of the world
Charts of seismic activity
What is true of tectonic plates?
They are constantly moving
Earthquakes cause them to move
They don't move for centuries at a time
There are fewer and fewer of them
Where is Earth's heat energy most concentrated?
the mantle
the lithosphere
the core
the crust
What is the underlying force that drives plate tectonics?
ocean tides
volcanic eruptions
the rock cycle
convection currents
Convection currents are powered by:
motion
pressure
heat
density
Which of the following plate interactions is most likely to form a mountain range?
A transform boundary between ocean plates
A transform boundary between continental plates
A convergent boundary between continental plates
A subduction zone between a continental plate and an ocean plate
When two plates that differ in _______ collide, volcanoes often form nearby.
speed
density
thickness
temperature
What are the three types of rocks that are part of the rock cycle?
hard, soft, and brittle
sand, stone, and volcanic
dactylic, iambic, and spondaic
igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
What do you need in order for igneous rock to form?
A volcano
A mountain
A glacier
A canyon
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma is very hot, lava is cool
Magma is molten rock within the earth; lava is molten rock on the earth's surface
Magma is molten rock on the earth's surface; lava is molten rock within the earth
Magma is cool, lava is very hot
Which of these is a sedimentary rock?
granite
obsidian
sandstone
quartzite
Where might you find mountains of metamorphic rock?
Near volcanoes
At the boundaries between tectonic plates
Buried under bodies of water
Near any landscape that has been eroded
What has to happen to sediment in order for it to become sedimentary rock?
It has to bond and harden
It has to be buried deep within the earth
It has to be around a volcanic eruption
It has to be washed away by wind and rain
When does a sedimentary rock become a metamorphic rock?
When it's left alone over a long period of time
When it erupts out of a volcano
When its sediments bond together
When it's subjected to intense heat and pressure
Which of the following is an example of a body fossil?
A perfect mold of a dinosaur bone
A carbon print left by a leaf
The skull of a mammoth that fell into a tar pit
A dinosaur footprint
Which of the following is an example of a trace fossil?
A skeleton preserved in a tar pit
A footprint of an extinct animal
A mummy buried in ice
An insect preserved in amber
Why are deserts, tar pits, and ice good places to find body fossils?
Most ancient organisms lived in these environments
Bacteria and other decomposers cannot thrive in these environments
Many ancient organisms traveled to these places to die
The largest ancient organisms lived in these environments
What two forces can turn fossils into fossil fuels?
Lift and thrust
Wind and rain
Temperature and pressure
Motion and time
Divergent, Convergent, or Transform: "Plates grind past each other without destroying or creating crust"
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
Divergent, Convergent, or Transform: "Plates towards each other and crust is destroyed"
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
Divergent, Convergent, or Transform: "Plates move away from each other and crust is formed"
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
Divergent, Convergent, or Transform: "Results in seafloor spreading, ocean ridges, rift valleys, and volcanic activity"
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
Divergent, Convergent, or Transform: Plates shift positions, shallow earthquakes are produced, and no volcanic activity"
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
Divergent, Convergent, or Transform: "Results in subduction, trenches, mountains, volcanic arcs, and deep earthquakes"
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
The sum total of all water on Earth and in its atmosphere is called the:
Biosphere
Terrasphere
Hydrosphere
Liquisphere
Oceans, the atmosphere, and groundwater are all _______ in the water cycle.
Nodes
Sinks
Reservoirs
Stations
What effect does the sun have on surface water?
It causes it to boil
It causes it to rain
It causes it to sink
It causes it to evaporate
What is it called when rainwater contributes to the flow of rivers and streams?
Transformation
Runoff
Irrigation
Desertification
Which of the following describes condensation?
Ice becoming water when placed into a warm liquid
Water becoming ice in a freezer
Liquid water being heated until it turns into steam
Steam from a teapot turning into liquid water
Which reservoir in the water cycle contains the most water?
The ice caps
The oceans
Groundwater
Surface water
Where is the heat energy source for plate tectonics?
core
mantle
crust
What may result when the moving mantle causes crustal plates to diverge?
Large mountain reanges will form
Volcanic island arcs will form
Mid-ocean rifts and seafloor spreading will occur
Earthquakes will cause weathering and erosion of rocks
What may result when the moving mantle causes oceanic plates to converge?
Large mountain ranges will form
Volcanic island arcs will form
Mid-ocean rifts and seafloor spreading will occur
Earthquakes will cause weathering and erosion of rocks
What may result when the moving mantle causes continental plates to converge?
Large mountain ranges will form
Volcanic island arcs will form
Mid-ocean rifts and seafloor spreading will occur
Earthquakes will cause weathering and erosion of rocks
What may result when the moving mantle causes plates to slide parallel to each other?
Large mountain ranges will form
Volcanic island arcs will form
Mid-ocean rifts and seafloor spreading will occur
Earthquakes will cause weathering and erosion of rocks
