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Geologic Time

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The hardened remains of a living thing that died long ago.
a)
extinct
b)
cast
c)
fossil
d)
bone
2.
Which type of fossil would look just like an actual body part of a once-living thing?
a)
a cast
b)
a trace
atrace
c)
a mineral
d)
a footprint
3.

Which is an trace fossil?

a)

bone

b)

a cast

c)

petrified wood

d)

an animal track

4.
In which type of rock are most fossils found?
a)
igneous
b)
sedimentary
c)
volcanic
d)
metamorphic
5.
What replaces the wood of a once-living tree to form petrified wood?
a)
amber
b)
a cast
c)
a mold
d)
minerals
6.
Suppose both of these living things die on the same day.  Which one is more likely to become a fossil?  EXPLAIN your answer!
a)
The plant because it is bigger.
b)
The fish because it has more hard parts than the plant.
c)
The plant because it is green.
d)
The fish because it has gills.
7.

Which statement is NOT true regarding Earth’s past climate?

a)

Earth was very warm 100 million years ago.

b)

A shallow ocean covered much of North America 450 million years ago.

c)

Tropical forests and swamps covered much of Earth’s surface many years ago.

d)

Earth’s climate has stayed the same throughout the past.

8.

Which statement belongs in the box?

a)

preserved in amber

b)

pressure that removes all gases and liquids from organism’s tissues

c)

replacing organism with minerals

d)

tracks left behind in soft sediment

9.

Using carbon-14 is one way to measure the age of the remains of organisms. Which correctly describes the one limitation in using this particular type of dating?

a)

An organism continues to take in carbon-14 long after it has died. First scientists must determine the life-span of the organism before making an accurate prediction.

b)

The half-life of carbon-14 is only 5,730 years making it difficult to measure very old organisms.

c)

The ratio of carbon-14 and carbon-12 is not equal in the atmosphere. In order to find an accurate measurement, carbon-12 must also be measured.

d)

Organisms use nitrogen to build and repair tissues. Measuring the amount of nitrogen combined with carbon is the only way to get an accurate time frame.

10.

All of the following conditions help preserve organisms as fossils EXCEPT ____.

a)

quick burial by sediments

b)

hard parts

c)

protection from scavengers

d)

activities of microorganisms

11.

Rock layers are correlated if they both contain the same ____.

a)

elements

b)

shapes

c)

fossils

d)

type of rock

12.

With ____ dating, a rock's exact age can be determined, whereas with ____ dating, a rock's age is compared to the ages of other rocks.

a)

absolute, relative

b)

relative, absolute

c)

true, absolute

d)

relative, approximate

13.

The oldest rock layer in an undisturbed rock sequence occurs ____.

a)

at the bottom of the sequence

b)

below the sedimentary rock layer

c)

below the unconformity

d)

at the top of the sequence

14.

The amount of time it takes for one-half of the original amount of an isotope to decay is known as its ____.

a)

correlation

b)

half-life

c)

period

d)

radioactivity

15.

Which of the following is used to determine the absolute age of a rock?

a)

relative-age dating

b)

correlation

c)

radiometric dating

d)

permineralization

16.

Molds, casts, trace, and petrified wood are all example of ____.

a)

fossils

b)

unconformities

c)

radioactive isotopes d

d)

disconformities

17.

An example of a trace fossil includes a ____.

a)

foot print

b)

nest

c)

bite mark

d)

all of the above

18.

The principle of superposition can be used to determine .

a)

the actual age of these rock layers

b)

the relative age of these rock layers

c)

the actual temperatures of these rock layers

d)

the relative densities of these rock layers

19.

What characteristic of radioactive decay makes it useful for determining the absolute age of samples?

a)

occurs at a constant rate

b)

slows down in very dense samples

c)

speeds up under high pressure

d)

changes based on temperature

20.

Using the graph, determine the half-life of thorium-232.

a)

7 billion years

b)

35 billion years

c)

14 billion years

d)

28 billion years

21.

What is one reason the presence of iridium leads scientists to hypothesize that a meteorite impact caused the mass extinction of dinosaurs?

a)

There are no fossils of dinosaurs in rocks below the iridium layer.

b)

There are no fossils of dinosaurs in rocks above the iridium layer.

c)

All dinosaur fossils contain iridium.

d)

Iridium is only common on Earth and is never found in meteorites.

22.

How was Pangaea formed?

a)

Tectonic plates moved in such a fashion that the continents all came together into a supercontinent.

b)

Earth’s climate cooled.

c)

A meteorite impacted Earth leaving behind an iridium layer.

d)

A large landmass split into several smaller continents.

23.
the trace or remains of an organism that lived a loooong time ago, often preserved in sediment
a)
half-life
b)
fossil
c)
geologic time-scale
d)
evolution
24.
this type of fossil is a mark or cavity made in sediment in the shape of a shell or other body
a)
cast
b)
trace
c)
petrified
d)
mold
25.
this type of fossil is a mold filled with sediment that creates a solid copy of an organism
a)
mold
b)
petrified
c)
cast
d)
trace
26.

this type of fossil is created when an organism's tissue is replaced by minerals

a)

cast

b)

mold

c)

amber

d)

mineral replacement

27.
this type of fossil provides evidence of the activities of ancient organisms; examples include marks left by footprints or tails
a)
mold
b)
carbon film
c)
trace
d)
cast
28.
this material does an excellent job of preserving insect remains
a)
cast
b)
amber
c)
mold
d)
carbon film
29.
provides evidence about the history of life and past environments on earth, and how life has changed over time
a)
relative dating
b)
fossil record
c)
unconformities
30.
the age of a rock compared to the ages of other rocks
a)
absolute age
b)
relative age
31.
superposition:  a principle which states that in ______________, _______________ sedimentary rock layers, the OLDEST layer is on the BOTTOM.
a)
disturbed, horizontal
b)
undisturbed, horizontal
c)
disturbed, vertical
d)
undisturbed, vertical
32.
"younger over oldest" means that the the OLDEST rock layer is on the _________.
a)
top
b)
bottom
33.
gaps in rock layers, often caused by erosion
a)
unconformities
b)
superpositions
c)
molds
34.
used to date surrounding rock layers
a)
half-life
b)
radioactive dating
c)
index fossil
35.
the time it takes for half of the radioactive remains in a sample of radioactive element to decay
a)
relative dating
b)
half-life
c)
geologic time-scale
d)
index fossil
36.
scientists need to know the ______ of decay for a radioactive element in order to determine the ____ age of a rock
a)
age; absolute
b)
index fossil; relative
c)
age; relative
d)
rate; absolute
37.
used to divide earth's loooong history into manageable parts 
a)
fossil record
b)
geologic time scale
c)
radioactive dating
d)
absolute dating
38.

The _______fossil is when water seeps into the ground and minerals fill in the hollow spaced and harden.

a)

Impression

b)

Mineral Replacement

c)

Preserved

39.

Fossils teach us about the past

a)

True

b)

False

40.
How are fossils created?
a)
Traces of organisms get turned into stone.
b)
Dead organisms are quickly buried for millions of years.
c)
Animals get trapped.
d)
All of the above