Wind-driven process in which nutrient-rich, denser, colder water moves to the surface

a body of rock that can contain water or allow water to flow through it

When atoms or molecules of a substance sticks to OTHER substances

The portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight; formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1% of sunlight penetrates.

The journey water takes water takes as it circulates from the land to the sky and back again.

The area of the shore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at approximately 200 meters in depth.

A fissure in a planet's surface from which geothermally heated water issues.

All of the waters on Earth’s surface

the amount of heat that must be absorbed if a certain quantity of liquid is vaporized at a constant temperature

when a liquid to transform into a gas as a result of heating

an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas.

mass per unit volume; the amount of matter in a given amount of space

when a gas to transform into a liquid as a result of cooling

the draining away of water (or substances carried in it) from the surface of an area of land, a building or structure, etc.

when the atoms or molecules of a substance stick TOGETHER

rain, snow, sleet, hail

each level in the transfer of energy through an ecosystem

an organism that can make its own food

an interaction between species in which one species (the predator) eats the other (the prey)

a group of individuals of one species in an area

a relationship between two organisms in which one benefits or lives off the other

a continuous series of natural processes by which nitrogen passes successively from air to soil to organisms and back to air or soil water

a relationship between two species of organisms that both benefit from the relationship

a network of food chains or feeding relationships

the order in which matter and energy in the form of food is transferred from one organism to another

models that show how energy flows through ecosystems

A non-living feature of an ecosystem (rock, water, sun, etc.)

the variety of life in the world or in a particular ecosystem or habitat

A living feature of an ecosystem (plants, animals, leaves, etc.)

The tendency for the death, birth or growth rate in a population neither to rise nor fall as the density increases

the transfer of carbon through naturally occurring processes between organisms and the environment

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

the tendency for the death rate in a population to increase, or the birth or growth rate to decrease, as the density of the population increases

organisms that break down waste and the remains of other organisms to return the raw materials back to the ecosystem

an organism that obtains energy from feeding on another organism

an interaction between organisms or species for resources - food, shelter, etc.

the living together of two organisms or species in the same habitat without trying to eliminate the other

a nutrient that is especially for the growth and repair of body tissue; building blocks

the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water

a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence

the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

The body uses fat as a fuel source, and fat is the major storage form of energy in the body.

a simple carbohydrate (sugar) that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates

a nutritional diagram in the shape of a pyramid

a group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body

the body system that circulates blood through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

The chemical process that generates most of the energy in the cell, supplying molecules needed to make the metabolic reactions

The evolutionary termination of a species caused by the failure to reproduce and the death of all remaining members of the species; the natural failure to adapt to environmental change.

survival of the fittest organisms that are the best adapted to their environment and the ones that will live long enough to reproduce and pass on their favorable adaptations

the process of becoming a fossil

a fossil found in a narrow time range but widely distributed around the earth; used to date rock layers

a random change to a gene that results in a new trait

a marine organism that is an example of an index fossil

the most specific classification of living things

Adenosine triphosphate; a compound that releases energy during the process of cellular respiration

a nutrient that provides energy, typically made of sugars or starches

a unit used in measuring the amount of energy food provides when eaten and digested

the rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to keep vital functions going, such as breathing and keeping warm

a fossilized mark that is formed in soft sediment by the movement or actions of an animal.

an explanation that ties together many hypothesis and observations.

the process of natural selection producing a new species out of existing species over thousands or millions of years.

the complete body of fossils that shows how species and ecosystems change over time.

evidence of past life preserved in rock.

the change in population of a species over time.

was a naturalist who proposed and provided scientific evidence that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the process he called natural selection.

the change over time of living organisms

the breeding of plants and animals with desired traits to attempt to produce offspring with these same traits.

a trait that increases the chances that an organism will survive and reproduce

a measure of the amount of salt in a body of water

having a positive and negative end (pole) (i.e. Water is a polar molecule because it has a negatively charged side- the oxygen atom- and a positively charged side- the two hydrogen atoms.)

a liquid or a gas that dissolves another substance

how much heat energy it will take to raise or lower the temperature of an object

atoms and molecules in the surface of a substance exhibit the property of cohesion

the two sub-layers of the earth's crust (lithosphere) that move, float, and sometimes fracture and whose interaction causes continental drift, earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, and oceanic trenches

the geologic age of a fossil organism, rock, or geologic feature or event defined relative to other organisms, rocks, or features or events rather than in terms of years

a hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses, believed to have been in existence before the continents broke apart during the Triassic and Jurassic Periods

a basic law of geology, stating that in any undisturbed sequence of rocks deposited in layers, the youngest layer is on top and the oldest on bottom, each layer being younger than the one beneath it and older than the one above it

a simple cell in the body that is able to develop into any one of various kinds of cells(such as blood cells, skin cells, etc.)

the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc.

allows selected individual genes to be transferred from one organism into another and also between non-related species. (GMO)

propagate (an organism or cell) to make an identical copy of

DNA manipulation of cells or organisms- Genes are added, deleted or changed.

organic matter that can be used as an energy source. (ex: wood, crops, and animal waste)

energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

energy from a source that is not depleted when used

an energy source that cannot be replaced by natural means at the same rate that it is consumed.

the action or process of regrowth; in particular the formation of new animal or plant tissue.

the true age of a rock or fossil, tells scientists the number of years ago a rock layer formed

energy harnessed from air in motion.

a random change to a gene that results in a new trait.

energy radiated from the sun.

energy that comes from the force of moving water.

heat energy from within the earth.

a natural fuel formed in the past from the remains of living things. (ex: coal, oil, natural gas)

a careful preservation and protection of something; especially planned management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, destruction, or neglect.

a theory set forth in 1912 by Alfred Wegener, a geophysicist and meteorologist, that explained how continents shift position on Earth's surface and why look-alike animal and plant fossils, and similar rock formations, are found on different continents

any process of formation or growth; development

a fracture or fissure in the Earth's crust in which there is movement on either side of the fracture; a place where sections of the crust of the Earth move relative to each other

the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock

the succession of eras, periods, and epochs as considered in historical geology; the period of time covering the formation and development of the Earth, from about 4.6 billion years ago to teach today

a fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found

an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries much like a bathtub catches all of the water that falls within its sides

measure of how much water can flow through a substance

the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers

the downward movement of fluid, especially in the sea, the atmosphere, or deep in the earth

a place where freshwater meets up with salt water; nature’s nursery

the area of the shore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, i.e. the area between tide marks

the sunlit top layer of the ocean beyond the continental shelves; the vast bulk of the sea, it covers over 360,000,000 square kilometers of the Earth's surface and is referred to as the 'marine desert' because nutrients are lower here than in the shallow seas; life can be scarce

surface layer of the ocean that receives sunlight

microscopic marine producers/base of an aquatic food web

oxygen found in water; the higher the amount of dissolved oxygen, the healthier a water system is for organisms

groundwater contaminant that often times enters the groundwater through fertilizers, animal wastes, and sewage

A measure of the acidity or basicity of a substance; measured on a scale from 1-14 with the lower numbers representing the highest acidity

inorganic compound created by the the removal or replacement of one, two, or all three hydrogen atoms in phosphoric acid; used in fertilizers and detergents and is a major cause of water pollution

a toxic chemical that causes damage to an organism’s DNA.

introduced microorganisms that break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean up a polluted site

A type of energy derived from renewable plant and animal materials or organic matter.

a particle consisting of DNA encased in a protein coat that must inject its DNA into a living cell in order to reproduce. A microbe that consists of nucleic acid enclosed within a protein shell that requires a living cell in order to reproduce. Scientists consider the virus to be not alive.

an animal that carries and transmits a disease.

a preventive shot to yield immunity against a specific disease, usually employing a form of the disease agent in a weakened bacteria or viruses, to stimulate antibody production.

consisting of a single cell

medical care given to a patient for an illness or injury

the action of stopping something from happening or arising

a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles

a microbe that causes disease in an organism.

an organism that lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's expense.

an epidemic that spreads more globally affecting a large geographical area.

a disease that cannot be spread from one organism to another.

scale used to classify solutions

pH of more than 7

pH of less than 7

any organism or near life form that cannot be seen with the naked eye.

any disease that is caused by a pathogen.

any member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms

an organism whose cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a membrane

a disease that spreads across a large population of people, normally in a regional area.

the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance

a rapid increase in phytoplankton as a result of excess nutrients in the water/can serve as a bioindicator of water quality

how clear or cloudy water is; water with a high turbidity is more difficult to see through

any change that disrupts the normal function of one or more body systems.

a person with a disease that they can pass on to other organisms.

microscopic living organisms, usually one-celled, that can be dangerous (cause infection) or beneficial (such as in fermentation and in decomposition).

a substance that is designed to kill microbes before they enter the body.

a chemical substance made by the body to help destroy an invading pathogen.

a group of medicines used to kill or slow the growth of bacteria that cause disease.

substances broken apart or combined in a chemical reaction and that they are located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation

a positive subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

new substances formed in a chemical reaction and that they are located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation.

the action or process of a liquid changing to a solid or semi-solid state

the process of cleaning something, especially with a chemical, in order to destroy bacteria

any of various mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by adding a medium through which only the fluid can pass

substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction

a solid substance formed when two solutions are chemically combined.

can be observed and measured without changing the kind of matter being studied.

do not change the composition of a substance, only the physical properties

a quick reference for associating the name and symbol of an element.

The amount of matter does not change during a chemical reaction, only that the atoms are rearranged to form new substances. This is evidenced in a balanced chemical equation.

elements with similar properties found on the left side of the “staircase” on the periodic table

elements with similar properties found on the right side of the “staircase” on the periodic table

a subatomic particle with no charge (neutral) found in the nucleus of the atom.

is uniform throughout, the substances are evenly mixed and cannot be visibly distinguished

is not uniform throughout, the component substances can be visibly distinguished

physical combinations of two or more different substances that retain their own individual properties and are combined physically (mixed together)

creating favorable conditions in water so that particles will stick together

elements with similar properties that create a “staircase” on the periodic table

a negatively charged subatomic particle found outside of the nucleus of the atom

pure substances that are composed of two or more types of elements that are chemically combined

be recognized only when substances react or do not react chemically with one another, that is, when they undergo a change in composition.

result in the formation of one or more new substances with new chemical and physical properties

the process of settling or being deposited as a sediment

single, identifiable sources of pollution (In the case of water pollution, examples of point source pollutants might include a pipe, factory releasing pollutants into the water, etc.)

pollution that occurs from unidentifiable sources