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IO Biology Sem 2 Unit 2

Total questions: 63

Worksheet time: 36mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Place the steps of DNA Replication in order


A. two double helixes are present

B. Helicase unwinds and unzips the parent DNA helix

C. DNA Polymerase adds complementary bases to strands

D. Ligase seals breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone

a)

A,B,C,D

b)

B,C,D,A

c)

D,C,B,A

d)

B,C,D,A

2.

Breaks hydrogen bonds to assist in unwinding the parent helix.

a)

helicase

b)

ligase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

nuclease

3.

Bonds sugars and phosphates in DNA backbone.

a)

helicase

b)

ligase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

nuclease

4.

Extends the DNA chain by matching up complimentary base pairs.

a)

helicase

b)

ligase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

nuclease

5.

Removes base pairing errors

a)

helicase

b)

ligase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

nuclease

6.

DNA replication occurs when

a)

2 copies of DNA are made from a parent copy

b)

RNA is copied

c)

when the DNA double helix is split in two

d)

the cell is in Mitosis phase

7.

In DNA replication, a replication fork

a)

is created by helicase

b)

is the location where the DNA strands are separated

c)

represents the location where the helix is unraveling

d)

all of the above

8.

In eukaryotes, DNA replication occurs in _____ during the _____ phase of the cell cycle.

a)

the nucleus, M phase

b)

the cytoplasm, M phase

c)

the cytoplasm, G1 phase

d)

the nucleus, S phase

9.

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides ____ on the lagging strand, and ____ on the leading strand.

a)

discontinuously, continuously

b)

continuously, discontinuously

c)

semi-conservatively, conservatively

d)

conservatively, semi-conservatively

10.

A single strand of RNA that carries a copy of a gene to the cytoplasm to be made into a protein and contains codons.

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

11.

A folded strand of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome and contains an anticodon.

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

12.

Reads the mRNA codons and matches them to tRNA codons to create a chain of amino acids and serves as a location for translation.

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

13.

What step of transcription is:


DNA double helix is separated by RNA Polymerase to make transcription bubble at the start of the gene desired

a)

Step 1

b)

Step 2

c)

Step 3

d)

Step 4

e)

Step 5/6

14.

What step of transcription is:


RNA polymerase begins matching complementary base pairs of RNA nucleotides to DNA

a)

Step 1

b)

Step 2

c)

Step 3

d)

Step 4

e)

Step 5/6

15.

What step of transcription is:


RNA Polymerase continues to move along reading the DNA elongating the mRNA strand it is making

a)

Step 1

b)

Step 2

c)

Step 3

d)

Step 4

e)

Step 5/6

16.

What step of transcription is:


RNA Polymerase reaches terminal sequence and detaches from the DNA

a)

Step 1

b)

Step 2

c)

Step 3

d)

Step 4

e)

Step 5/6

17.

What step of transcription is:


Completed mRNA is released and then leaves Nucleus and enters cytoplasm

a)

Step 1

b)

Step 2

c)

Step 3

d)

Step 4

e)

Step 5/6

18.

What step of translation is


mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, attached to a ribosome, and ribosome aligns with the mRNA start codon

a)

Step 1 and 2

b)

Step 3

c)

Step 4

d)

Step 5

e)

Step 6

19.

What step of translation is


The start codon is read and it's amino acid is brought in by the tRNA

a)

Step 1 and 2

b)

Step 3

c)

Step 4

d)

Step 5

e)

Step 6

20.

What step of translation is

The stop codon is read and translation stops

a)

Step 1 and 2

b)

Step 3

c)

Step 4

d)

Step 5

e)

Step 6

21.

What step of translation is

The polypeptide folds into its 3D shape

a)

Step 1 and 2

b)

Step 3

c)

Step 4

d)

Step 5

e)

Step 6

22.

Codons are in set of ___ nucleotides and code for ____ amino acid(s).

a)

1,2

b)

1,3

c)

3,2

d)

3,1

23.

How many strands of DNA are copied in transcription?

a)

both

b)

none

c)

one

24.

During transcription, uracil would be used in the mRNA instead of _____.

a)

cytosine

b)

adenine

c)

guanine

d)

thymine

25.

Which of the following is not associated with a tRNA molecule?

a)

transcription

b)

translation

c)

anticodon

d)

amino acid

26.

Translation occurs

a)

on the nuclear membrane

b)

at the ribosome in the cytoplasm

c)

in the nucleus

d)

in the Golgi complex

27.

Substitutes one base for another

a)

silent mutation

b)

frameshift

c)

missense

d)

point mutation

e)

nonsence

28.

Base is changed but the resulting amino acid is the same as in the non-mutant DNA. No outward changes.

a)

silent mutation

b)

frameshift

c)

missense

d)

point mutation

e)

nonsence

29.

Base pair change results in a different amino acid; this may or may not affect the protein that results.

a)

silent mutation

b)

frameshift

c)

missense

d)

point mutation

e)

nonsence

30.

A base is either added or deleted and causes the codons to be read incorrectly.

a)

silent mutation

b)

frameshift

c)

missense

d)

point mutation

e)

nonsence

31.

Base pair change results in a premature stop codon; protein is nonfunctional.

a)

silent mutation

b)

frameshift

c)

missense

d)

point mutation

e)

nonsence

32.

A piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches within another chromosome.

a)

deletion

b)

insertion

c)

inversion

d)

translocation

e)

nondisjunction

33.

A pair of chromosomes fail to separate during Anaphase I of meiotic cell division; result is too many or too few of one chromosome.

a)

deletion

b)

insertion

c)

inversion

d)

translocation

e)

nondisjunction

34.

A piece of a chromosome breaks off and is lost.

a)

deletion

b)

insertion

c)

inversion

d)

translocation

e)

nondisjunction

35.

A broken piece attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome.

a)

deletion

b)

insertion

c)

inversion

d)

translocation

e)

nondisjunction

36.

A piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches itself in reverse order.

a)

deletion

b)

insertion

c)

inversion

d)

translocation

e)

nondisjunction

37.

What type of mutation is shown here?

Original: A T A C A C

Mutant: T T A C A C

a)

point mutation

b)

frameshift mutation

38.

What type of mutation is shown here?

Original: A T A C A C A A G C C A

Mutant: A T T A C A C A A G C C A

a)

point mutation

b)

frameshift mutation

39.

DNA has the sequence TAC. If this were transcribed into mRNA, what would the mRNA codon look like?

a)

AUG

b)

UAG

c)

UUG

d)

ATG

40.

In a previous question, you ended up with an mRNA codon: AUG. Using the codon wheel or table from the content, which amino acid does AUG code for at the ribosome?


a)

methionine

b)

start

c)

stop

d)

both methionine and start are correct

41.

Look at the codon table or wheel in the content. How many different codons are there?

a)

64

b)

128

c)

20

d)

3

42.

How many different amino acids exist in nature?

a)

64

b)

128

c)

20

d)

3

43.

Below is the base sequence from one side of a DNA molecule. What would represent its coplementary strand of mRNA?

ATC TCA GAT CGT CAG

a)

ATC TCA GAT CGT CAG

b)

TAG AGA CTA GCA GTC

c)

AUC UCA GAU CGU CAG

d)

UAG AGU CUA GCA GUC

44.

Examine the insulin gene in both cows and humans. It has been transcribed (into RNA) and translated (into amino acids) already. How many codons are the same?

a)

5

b)

9

c)

7

d)

2

45.

Examine the insulin gene in both cows and humans. It has been transcribed (into RNA) and translated (into amino acids) already. How many amino acids are the same?

a)

5

b)

9

c)

7

d)

2

46.

Why are there more amino acids in common than codons?

a)

Some codons code for two different amino acids.

b)

All cows make the same insulin regardless of their mRNA sequence.

c)

The first base pair in a codon never matters.

d)

Some amino acids are represented by more than one codon.

47.

DNA sequences are often used to determine relationships between organisms. DNA sequences that code for a particular gene can vary widely. Organisms that are closely related will have sequences that are similar. Below is a list of sequences for a few organisms. Which are most closely related?

a)

pig and toucan

b)

chimp and toucan

c)

human and pig

d)

human and chimp

48.

An unknown species is found wandering in a rainforest. The same gene as above is sequenced, and found to be CCT AAA GCG ACG. What kind of animal do you think this is (or is most closely related to)?

a)

pig

b)

toucan

c)

human

d)

chimp

49.

Choose the three components of a nucleotide from the list of molecules below:

a)

dextrose

b)

deoxyribose

c)

nitrogen base

d)

guano

e)

phosphate

50.

The two strands of DNA complement each other to form what shape?

a)

alpha helix

b)

beta pleat

c)

double helix

d)

circular chain

51.

Which of the following bases is unique to RNA?

a)

thymine

b)

guanine

c)

cytosine

d)

uracil

52.

Unlike DNA, there are different types of RNA molecules with very specific roles in the cell. Which of the following types of RNA are NOT correctly named?

a)

mRNA - messenger RNA

b)

tRNA - translation RNA

c)

rRNA - ribosomal RNA

53.

DNA Replication take places as a process that termed “semi-conservative”. This is an appropriate name

a)

as each strand has some of the original nucleotides and some new nucleotides.

b)

because the original strands are conserved and the new DNA is all new.

c)

for one of the DNA strands is the original one and one is the newly formed one.

54.

DNA polymerase is a(n)

a)

lipid that breaks bonds to make DNA

b)

lipid that builds bonds to make DNA

c)

protein that breaks bonds to make DNA

d)

protein the builds bonds to make DNA

55.

When DNA is replicated, the two strands are referred to as the leading strand that is copied _______________, and the lagging strand that is copied in short fragments ______________.

a)

one direction, the other direction

b)

continuously, discontinuously

c)

first, afterwards

d)

conservatively, semi-conservatively

56.

Protein synthesis is a process involving 2 steps: ___________ & ____________.

a)

translocation, translation

b)

translation, transpiration

c)

transcription, translation

d)

transcription, translocation

57.

Which of the following enzymes are used during transcription?

a)

helicase

b)

RNA polymerase

c)

DNA polymerase

d)

ligase

58.

____________ are combined with a peptide bond to create polypeptides.

a)

codons

b)

anticodons

c)

nucleotides

d)

amino acids

59.

Codons and anticodons are read in sets of

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

6

60.

An mRNA strand containing 30 coding nucleotides would contain 10 _______ that would be complemented with 10 ________ of tRNA.

a)

codons, anticodons

b)

anticodons, codons

61.

The mRNA strand begins with the __________ and ends with the _____________.

a)

primary codon, secondary codon

b)

initiating codon, secondary codon

c)

primary codon, finalizing codon

d)

start codon, stop codon

62.

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that always ends in death.

a)

true

b)

false

63.

A ________ mutation results in an early “stop” in the mRNA sequence and results in a nonfunctional protein.

a)

missense

b)

nonsense

c)

silent

d)

frameshift

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