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WorksheetsToxicology for beginners
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 40mins
Which statement is the most correct?
Chemicals manufactured by humans are more dangerous to human health than naturally occurring chemicals.
Both natural and human-made chemicals are potentially toxic to humans.
Naturally occurring chemicals are more poisonous to humans than synthetic chemicals.
Most of hazardous substances exhibit a "dose-response relationship." What does this mean?
The harm caused by the hazard increases as the amount of hazard entering the body (dose) increases.
It does not matter how big a dose you receive, you will always have same amount of harm/sickness.
Exposure to the hazard always results in harm.
Fifty percent of the people will die when exposed regardless of the dose.
A family home has a clogged furnace that is producing carbon monoxide, a hazardous gas. Which family member is likely to be harmed the most?
Billy, the son who is in 1st grade
Baby Shea, who is going to be in preschool next year
Karla, the nanny who cares for the toddler every weekday morning
Ms. Nguyen, the mother who works at home
Fractionation of a total dose so that the total amount administered is given over a period of time usually results in ______________toxicity.
the same
increased
decreased
All substances can be toxic, it just depends on the_________________
dosage
mode of entry
frequency of exposure
species
The quantity of a substance administered to an individual over a period of time or in several individual doses is known as the:
Exposure dose
Absorbed dose
Effective dose
Inhibitory dose
Arrange the route of administration in increasing Methadone toxicity.
oral --> subcutaneous --> intraperitoneal --> intravenous
oral --> intravenous --> subcutaneous --> intraperitoneal
intravenous --> intraperitoneal --> subcutaneous --> oral
intravenous --> oral --> intraperitoneal --> subcutaneous
Which chemical is more potent?
A
B
Knowledge of the dose-response relationship permits one to determine:
Whether exposure has caused an effect, threshold for the effect, and the rate of buildup of the effect with increasing dose levels.
The degree of metabolism of a xenobiotic.
The relationship of exposure dose to absorbed dose.
All of the above
Organism that will die at high dose of toxicant is called
Susceptible
Normal
Mutated
Resistant
The LD50 represents
The effect level resulting from a threshold dose of 50 mg.
The point at which the liver is 50% destroyed.
The estimated dose level that will produce 50% deaths in groups of animals administered a specific dose
The dose causing 50% of samples tested is 50mg/kg
What is the exposure route for the following toxicants
- carbon monoxide
- gasoline fume
- glass fibers
- plywood dust
Oral
Dermal
Intravenous
Inhalation
Amount of a toxic material per unit of body weight of test animals that kills half the test population in a certain time
IC50
TD50
LD50
ED50
What is the LD50 for chemical XYZ, based on the figure below?
12 mg/kg
17 mg/kg
20 mg/kg
25 mg/kg
What is a target organ?
An organ that stores the xenobiotic or its metabolite.
An organ that is damaged by the xenobiotic or its metabolite.
An organ that absorbs the xenobiotic
An organ that metabolizes the xenobiotic
A compound such as asbestos which can cause lung cancer after exposure to its fine particles would be considered a/an
Teratogen
Carcinogen
Endocrine disruptor
Neurotoxing
Police respond to a 911 call in which two people are found dead in an enclosed bedroom heated by an unvented kerosene stove. There was no sign of trauma or violence, a likely cause of death is:
Excess oxygen generated by the combustion of kerosene.
Acute toxicity due to uncombusted kerosene fumes.
Acute toxicity due to carbon monoxide poisoning.
All of the above
Oil spills in large magnitude from ocean tankers that transport hazardous substance affecting marine fish, mammals and birds.
What is the category of this case?
Acute toxicity
Chronic toxicity
Animals that live along tanker routes or near oil terminals receive from slow leaks and small spills, but occur much more frequently.
Which category this case falls into?
Acute toxicity
Chronic toxicity
What is the unit for dose?
ppm
microgram
miligram per unit of body weight
ppm per day
All substances (agents) are toxic. The degree and type of toxicity differ from one agent to another
True
False
The amount to which an organism is exposed in an experiment through various routes of exposure is referred as
Exposed dose
Absorbed dose
Administered dose
Target organ dose
What contributes to toxic effects?
there is a molecular site (or receptor) with which the chemical interacts to produce a response
production of response is related to the concentration of the compound at the active site
the concentration of the compound at the active site is related to the dose administered
all of the above
Which of these factors contributes to adverse (toxic) effects?
route of exposure
frequency of dose
individual health status
all of the above
Which chemical is the most toxic?
A
B
C
D
Select the most toxic substance below
200mg/kg
23.5mg/kg
5mg/kg
5000mg/kg
Teratogens are substances that cause
cancer
embryonic defect
allergies
mutations
Which of the following is not a factor that will affect one's response to exposure to toxins
genetic materials
body mass
height
organ health
For a substance to be acutely toxic it must have effects that?
occur over a long time
combine with another toxic agent to increase the effect
occur immediately
always fatal
Substances that harm the immune system are
neurotoxins
carcinogens
allergens
teratogens
Repeated exposure towards toxicant might cause
immediate effect
short term effect
acute effect
chronic effect
For the chemicals to present risk, y must occur.
What is y?
hazard
exposure
dose
toxin
What are toxic agents
Drugs
Radiations
Pollutants
All of the above
