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Psychology Interim

Total questions: 82

Worksheet time: 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of:

a)

conscious and unconscious mental activity

b)

observable responses to the environment

c)

observable behavior and mental processes

d)

thoughts, feelings, and perceptions

2.
Sadie believes that she is the Queen of England and that the CIA is out to get her. What type of psychologist would be most likely to treat her psychological disorder?
a)
developmental
b)
cognitive
c)
clinical
d)
personality
3.

The " Nurture" aspect of behavior focuses on

a)

Genetic traits that shape behavior

b)

How the Environment after birth influences behavior

c)

How parenting styles affect behavior

4.
Which perspective believed psychology should only study observable and objectively described acts?
a)
Humanistic
b)
Behaviorism
c)
Functionalism
d)
Structuralism
5.
Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of
a)
evolution versus natural selection.
b)
continuous versus non-continuous.
c)
structuralism versus functionalism.
d)
nature versus nurture.
6.
Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?
a)
personality psychology
b)
biological psychology
c)
clinical psychology
d)
developmental psychology
7.
Rewards and punishment are closely associated with
a)
Classical Conditioning
b)
Operant Conditioning
c)
Humanism
d)
Unconsciousness
8.

The conditioned response (CR) is the usually the same as the

a)

CS

b)

UCS

c)

UCR

d)

CR

9.

The bell in the image (C) represents the

a)

CS

b)

UCS

c)

UCR

d)

CR

10.
Who is known as the "Father of Psychology?"
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
Wilhelm Wundt
c)
William James
d)
John Locke
11.
Who had the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany?
a)
William James
b)
Edward Titchner
c)
Wilhelm Wundt
d)
G. Stanley Hall
12.

Professor DeNardo carefully observed and records the behaviors of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills. Professor DeNardo is most clearly engaged in:

a)

survey research

b)

naturalistic observation

c)

experiment

d)

correlation

13.
B.F. Skinner's concept of _______________________ showed that an animal is more likely to repeat an action if rewarded for it.
a)
social sciences
b)
laboratories
c)
reinforcement
d)
functionalism
14.
This research method is a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
15.
Expectations by the experimenter that might influence the results of an experiment or their interpretation are called
a)
experimental blinds
b)
sample bias
c)
treamtment bias
d)
experimenter bias
16.
Pushing a button that says "Do Not Push"  because you think you are being watched is an example of.
a)
confirmation bias
b)
experimenter bias
c)
hindsight bias
d)
participant bias
17.

_________ is a sample in which each individual or object in the entire population has an equal chance of being selected.

a)

Sample

b)

Population

c)

Random Sample

d)

Quartile

18.
This is made up of the brain and spinal cord. 






a)

Peripheral nervous system
b)

Central nervous system
c)

Enteric nervous system

d)
Skull
19.
Which of the following means "the space between two linking neurons"?
a)
synapse
b)
ventricle
c)
impulse
20.
The chemicals which are stored in synaptic vesicles are called ______. 
a)
neurotransmitters
b)
hormones
c)
cerebrospinal fluid 
21.
The part of the brain which is responsible for coordinating muscles during complex movement is the _____. 
a)
cerebellum
b)
cerebrum
c)
dura mater
d)
pineal gland
22.
Heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure are all regulated by the ______. 
a)
medulla
b)
cerebrum
c)
thalamus
d)
pituitary gland
23.

Amy has an itch on her nose and would like to scratch it. What part of her nervous system will control the movement of her arm to scratch her nose?

a)

Somatic

b)

Sympathetic

c)

Parasympathetic

d)

Autonomic

24.

When you go to reach for a pencil and you miss the mark, you may have an impaired...

a)

Parietal Lobe

b)

Cerebellum

c)

Frontal Lobe

d)

Temporal Lobe

25.

Which of the following statements concerning plasticity in the brain is FALSE?

a)

Damage to one area of brain tissue may result in changes in other areas of the brain that compensate for the damage

b)

Experience can change the features of brain structures

c)

Older brains show more plasticity than younger brains

d)

Even adult brains are able to form new neural connections

26.
What is the chemical used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another nerve cell?
a)
Neurotransmitters
b)
Synapse
c)
Threshold
d)
Impulse
27.
Damage this and you won't form new memories
a)
Hypothalamus
b)
Hippocampus
c)
Amygdala
d)
Thalamus
28.
The gland that stimulates body metabolism
a)
Thyroid
b)
testes
c)
ovary
d)
adrenal
29.
What gland is known as the the master gland?
a)
Adrenal
b)
Pituitary
c)
Thyroid
d)
Thymus
30.
The organization of sensory information into meaningful experiences.  
a)
Senstation
b)
Perception
c)
Gestalt Awareness
d)
Sensory organization
31.
Which of the following sentences best describes the relationship between sensation and perception? 
a)
sensation is happens in the brain; perception is interpreting the stimuli detected
b)
sensation involves learning and expectations; perception  does not
c)
sensation is detecting stimuli; perception is interpreting the stimuli detected
d)
Sensation is strictly a mechanical phenomenon; perception is only a cognitive process
32.
A binocular cue that allows for depth perception when images from the two eyes differ 
a)
Relative size 
b)
Color Constancy
c)
Linear perception
d)
Retinal Disparity
33.

The perception that Bugs Bunny is hopping across a movie screen best illustrates:

a)

the Ponzo illusion

b)

visual capture

c)

perceptual adaptation

d)

stroboscopic effect

34.
Which of the following is NOT a part of the skin senses? 
a)
smell 
b)
temperature
c)
pain 
d)
pressure
35.
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
a)
Figure Ground
b)
Gestalt
c)
Accomodation
d)
Fovea
36.
Which part of the ear is shaped like a snail shell?
a)
eardrum
b)
auditory nerve
c)
cochlea
d)
anvil
37.
Anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior will continue, by adding something the subject likes. 
a)
Continuous Reinforcement
b)
Operant Conditioning
c)
Positive Reinforcement
d)
Negative Reinforcement
38.

Anything that seeks to continue a desired behavior by the removal of something the subject doesn't like is called __.

a)

Negative Reinforcement

b)

Punishment

c)

Positive Reinforcement

d)

Partial Reinforcement

39.
Giving a treat to your dog every time it rolls over is called __.
a)
Continuous Reinforcement
b)
Partial Reinforcement 
c)
Operant Conditioning
d)
Positive Reinforcement
40.
Decrease a behavior from happening again by following it with a negative consequence
a)
Negative Reinforcement
b)
Punishment
c)
Operant Conditioning
d)
Escape Learning
41.
Learning by watching and imitating the actions of another, or noting the consequences of those actions
a)
Discovery
b)
Rote
c)
Observational 
d)
Latent
42.

Not having to do the dishes if you take out the garbage is an example of what?

a)

Positive Reinforcement

b)

Negative Reinforcement

c)

Punishment

d)

Cognitive Learning

43.
Paying a fine for speeding is an example of what type of learning? 
a)
Positive Reinforcement
b)
Negative Reinforcement
c)
Punishment
d)
Classical Conditioning 
44.
In Pavlov's experiment the meat was a(n)
a)
UCS
b)
UCR
c)
CS
d)
CR
45.

The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for similar stimuli to elicit similar responses is called

a)

Generalization

b)

Discrimination

c)

Spontaneous Recovery

d)

Aquisition

46.
The learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that does not signal a CR is called
a)
Classical Conditioning
b)
Discrimination
c)
Generalization
d)
Extinction 
47.
Learning that occurs due to reward and punishment
a)
Classical Conditioning
b)
Operant Conditioning
c)
Learning
d)
Taste Aversion
48.
Small successive step taken in which to get an organism to learn a behavior is called __.
a)
Shaping
b)
Continuous Reinforcement
c)
Positive Reinforcement
d)
Partial Reinforcement
49.
A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience
a)
Learning
b)
Memory
c)
Classical Conditioning
d)
Operant Conditioning
50.
In Pavlov's experiment, the dog salivated to the sound of a bell.  This is a(n)
a)
UCS
b)
UCR
c)
CS
d)
CR
51.
A researcher conditions a dog to salivate at the sound of a bell.  This is then followed by food. After some time, the sound of the bell alone (that is, without food), no longer leads to salivation.
a)
spontaneous recovery 
b)
extinction
c)
acquisition
d)
stimulus generalisation
52.
Proposed a hierarchy of needs that suggests a strive toward self-actualization when other needs are met.
a)
Alfred Kinsey
b)
Masters & Johnson
c)
Abraham Maslow
d)
Paul Ekman
53.
The Yerkes-Dodson Law predicts that most people would perform an easy task best if they are at a 
a)
high level of arousal
b)
low level of arousal
c)
baseline state
d)
level of self-actualization
54.
The tendency for one's body to return to  a balanced state is called:
a)
satisfaction
b)
deprivation
c)
homeostasis
55.
Extrinsic motivation
a)
Is the desire to complete goals because of external rewards.
b)
is the desire to complete goals because of internal satisfaction.
56.
approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal
a)
drive reduction theory
b)
James lange theory
c)
2 factor theory
57.

Extrinsic motivation is defined as the pursuit of an activity ______________.

a)

for external reward

b)

for its own sake

c)

to relieve the state of tension caused by deprivation

d)

in order to increase one’s competence and skills

58.

Intrinsic motivation is one that propels a person to pursue an activity ______________.

a)

for external rewards

b)

for its own sake

c)

to relieve the state of tension caused by deprivation

d)

in order to be judged favorably by others

59.

Primary drives are caused by ______.

a)

exceptions to the drive-reduction principle

b)

learned behaviors

c)

stimuli within the body

d)

stimuli outside the body

60.

According to Abraham Maslow, developing one’s potential to its fullest extent results in ___________.

a)

safety

b)

self-esteem

c)

belongingness

d)

self-actualization

61.

According to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy, which needs must be met first?

a)

esteem

b)

safety

c)

physiological

d)

belongingness and love

62.

Which sequence of events in emotional responses is characteristic of the James-Lange theory of emotion?

a)

stimulus --> emotion --> physiological changes

b)

stimulus --> physiological changes --> emotion

c)

physiological changes --> stimulus --> emotion

d)

stimulus --> emotion AND physiological changes (simultaneous)

63.
A specific need or desire that arouses the organism and directs its behavior toward a goal.
a)
Motivation
b)
Emotion
c)
Drive
d)
Cause
64.
Drive Reduction Theory relies on the idea that humans desire to exist in a state of __________________.
a)
Homeostasis
b)
Peace
c)
Tension
d)
Change
65.
The hard-driving, anger prone personality type which is at higher risk for heart attack.
a)
Type B
b)
Type A
c)
Type D
d)
Type E
66.
Theory of emotion that suggests physical arousal and emotional experience arise simultaneously.
a)
Yerkes-Dodson
b)
James-Lange
c)
Cannon-Bard
d)
Two-Factor
67.
theory of emotion in which both the physical arousal and the labeling of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced
a)
james lange theory
b)
cannon bard theory
c)
2 factor theory/schachter theory
68.
A stressor is... 
a)
a state of physiological and psychological arousal. 
b)
Any person, object, situation or event that produces stress.
c)
a psychological factor that always originates from the individual 
d)
an external factor that originates from the environment 
69.
Which of the following are stressors?
a)
Threats to self-esteem
b)
Things causing frustration
c)
Things that cause increases in pressure
d)
All of these
70.
Stress is a person’s  physical and emotional ........ to a change
a)
reacted
b)
reacting
c)
reaction
d)
react
71.
Men are better at reading facial expressions
a)
True
b)
False
72.
Which emotion is more masculine?
a)
smile
b)
fear
c)
anger
73.
The automatic response of your body and mind to feeling threatened or challenged
a)
stress
b)
stressor
c)
fight or flight
d)
none of the above
74.
_________ can be defined as negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration, resulting in both mental and physical exhaustion.
a)
Burnout
b)
Acculturative Stress
c)
Major Life Change
d)
Primary Appraisal
75.

True or False: A smile can mean happy in one country and angry in another.

a)

True

b)

False

76.

Which is most likely universal?

a)
b)
c)
d)
77.

Tone of voice is an example of nonverbal communication.

a)

True

b)

False

78.
Communication achieved using facial expressions,eye contact, movements, and gestures
a)
body language
b)
eye contact
c)
tone
d)
rate
79.

someone who is very laid back and easy going

a)

Type A

b)

Type B

c)

Type C

d)

Type D

80.

The Yerkes-Dodson Law says that __________ will help you perform better but only __________________.

a)

arousal; up to a point

b)

motivation; with practice

c)

extrinsic rewards; if you like the reward

d)

punishment; if you believe the activity is important

81.

Our ability to focus on one stimulus and not other stimuli.

a)

Sensory Adaptation

b)

Selective Adaptation

c)

Sensory Attention

d)

Selective Attention

82.

Which is NOT one of the four basic skin senses?

a)

Pain

b)

Wetness

c)

Warmth

d)

Pressure

e)

Cold

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