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Fall Midterm AP Psych

Total questions: 95

Worksheet time: 1hrs 14mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Who is considered the "father of psychology" and began the first psychology lab?
a)
Wilhelm Wundt
b)
Wiliiam James
c)
Sigmund Freud
d)
Edward Titchener
2.
Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
Abraham Maslow
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
B.F. Skinner
3.
Which perspective believed psychology should only study observable and objectively described acts?
a)
Humanistic
b)
Behaviorism
c)
Functionalism
d)
Structuralism
4.
Which perspective believed psychology should emphasize the potential for growth of each human being and an individual’s freedom to make their own decisions?
a)
Biological
b)
Humanistic
c)
Psychodynamic
d)
Behavioral
5.
Which perspective studies learning and how rewards and punishments influence how humans and animals act (observable responses)?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Behaviorism
c)
Humanism
d)
Evolutionary
6.
Which psychological perspective focuses on how we think about information?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Behavioral
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Psychodynamic
7.
Which psychological perspective would be most interested in studying our brain structures & chemistry, genetics, glands, etc.?
a)
Biological
b)
Structuralism
c)
Functionalism
d)
Humanistic
8.

Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates:

a)

Overconfidence

b)

the hindsight bias

c)

the placebo effect

d)

negative correlation

9.

To understand the unusual behavior of an adult client, a clinical psychologist carefully investigates the client's current life situation and physical, social-cultural, an educational history. Which method has the psychologist used?

a)

survey

b)

case study

c)

experimentation

d)

naturalistic observation

10.

The complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn is a(n)

a)

control condition

b)

population

c)

case study

d)

survey

11.

Professor DeNardo carefully observed and records the behaviors of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills. Professor DeNardo is most clearly engaged in:

a)

survey research

b)

naturalistic observation

c)

experiment

d)

correlation

12.

A correlation coefficient is a measure of the

a)

difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distibution

b)

average squares deviation of scores from a sample mean

c)

direction and strength of the relationship between two variables

d)

frequency of scores at each level of some measure

13.

Which of the following correlation coefficients expresses the strongest degree of relationship between two variables?

a)

+0.10

b)

-0.67

c)

0.00

d)

+0.59

14.

The belief that weather conditions signal the onset of arthritis pain best illustrates

a)

operational definition

b)

the hindsight bias

c)

overconfidence

d)

an illusionary correlation

15.

A researcher interested in proving a causal relationship between two variables should choose which research method?

a)

correlation

b)

survey

c)

experiment

d)

naturalistic observation

16.

Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to distinguish between

a)

facts and theories

b)

causes and effects

c)

case studies and surveys

d)

hypothesis and operational definitions

17.

Both researcher and participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received a potentially memory enhancing drug and which have received a placebo. This investigation involves the use of:

a)

naturalistic observation

b)

replication

c)

the double blind procedure

d)

random sampling

18.

In a drug treatment study, participants given a pill containing no actual drug are receiving a(n)

a)

random sample

b)

placebo

c)

double blind

d)

experimental treatment

19.

What technique most clearly minimizes the likelihood that any outcome differences between the experimental and control conditions can be attributed to age or personality differences in research participants?

a)

replication

b)

statistical measures

c)

random assignment

d)

operational definitions

20.

Which of the following is a measure of the degree of variation among a set of events?

a)

mean

b)

scatterplot

c)

standard deviation

d)

correlation coefficient

21.

Which correlation coefficient indicates the greatest strength in the relationship driving ability?

a)

+0.75

b)

-0.77

c)

-2.1

d)

+0.24

22.

In a normal distribution, approximately what percent of scores occir within one standard deviation?

a)

95.4%

b)

2.1%

c)

34.1%

d)

68.2%

23.
In a double-blind procedure, who is unaware of the experimental group assignment?
a)
The experimenter
b)
The participants
c)
Neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware
d)
Both the experimenter and participants are aware
24.
A testable prediction is called (a/an):
a)
operational definition
b)
theory
c)
replication
d)
hypothesis
25.
An experiment is performed to see if background music improves learning.  Two groups study the same material, one while listening to music and another without music. The independent variable is
a)
learning
b)
size of group
c)
material studied
d)
presence of music
26.
In an experiment to test the effects of hunger on aggressive behavior, aggressive behavior would be the
a)
placebo
b)
control
c)
dependent variable
d)
independent variable
27.
In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be given
a)
a high dosage of alcohol
b)
one-half the dosage given the experimental group
c)
a driving test before and after drinking alcohol
d)
no alcohol at all
28.
To assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her college, Susan sent a questionnaire to every 15th person in the college registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Susan employed the technique of:
a)
correlation.
b)
random assignment.
c)
random sampling. 
d)
replication.
29.
A phenomenon that occurs when a researcher's expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results. 
a)
placebo
b)
case study
c)
experimenter bias
30.
The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n)
a)
synaptic vesicle.
b)
pituitary gland.
c)
endocrine gland.
d)
myelin sheath.
31.
In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the ________ of a single neuron.
a)
dendrites to the cell body to the axon
b)
axon to the dendrites to the cell body
c)
axon to the cell body to the dendrites
d)
dendrites to the axon to the cell body
32.
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the
a)
cell body.
b)
synaptic gap.
c)
axon.
d)
myelin sheath.
33.
Which of the following triggers the “fight-or-flight” response, increasing your heart rate and blood pressure, as you run away?
a)
sensory
b)
motor cortex
c)
sympathetic nervous system
d)
somatic nervous system
34.
The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called
a)
neurotransmitters.
b)
interneurons. 
c)
hormones.
d)
antagonists
35.
The master gland of the endocrine system is the
a)
adrenal gland.
b)
pituitary gland.
c)
pancreas.
d)
hypothalamus.
36.
Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to
a)
become violently aggressive.
b)
cower in fear.
c)
experience convulsive seizures.
d)
lapse into a coma.
37.
The medulla is to the control of ________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ________
a)
eating; sleeping
b)
memory; attention
c)
breathing; walking
d)
emotion; motivation
38.
Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back?
a)
parietal
b)
temporal
c)
occipital
d)
frontal
39.
The cortical regions that are not directly involved in sensory or motor functions are known as
a)
interneurons.
b)
Broca's area.
c)
frontal lobes.
d)
association areas.
40.
If a blind person uses one finger to read Braille, the brain area dedicated to that finger expands as the sense of touch invades the visual cortex. This is an example of
a)
integrated association areas.
b)
brain plasticity.
c)
hemispheric specialization.
d)
neural transformation.
41.
When looking at a flying bird, we are consciously aware of our cognitive processing (“It's a bird!”) but not of our subconscious processing of the bird's form, color, distance, and movement. This illustrates what psychologists call
a)
brain plasticity.
b)
selective attention.
c)
serial processing.
d)
dual processing.
42.
Xzasia has been suffering from severe bouts of depression for the past several years. Her doctor suggests that some medications designed to impact a specific neurotransmitter might be helpful for her. Which neurotransmitter would be the most likely target of this medication?
a)
GABA
b)
Dopamine
c)
Serotonin
d)
Acetylcholine
43.
A functional MRI (fMRI) and a PET scan both:
a)
provide a way to measure the functioning and activity of the brain.
b)
produce black and white scans of the brain’s structures.
c)
create selective injuries that allow researchers to study brain function.
d)
provide detailed computerized interpretations of brain dysfunctions.
44.
When people are walking, raising their hands in class or smelling a flower, they are using the:
a)
central nervous system
b)
somatic nervous system
c)
autonomic nervous system
d)
sympathetic nervous system 
45.
Melissa is walking around barefoot and suddenly steps on a sharp nail. She feels the pain and immediately pulls her foot off the ground away from the nail. Which neurons were involved in her response?
a)
interneurons and motor neurons only
b)
sensory neurons only
c)
sensory and motor neurons only
d)
sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons
46.
Neurons that carry messages from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body are the 
a)
afferent neurons
b)
efferent neurons
c)
interneurons
d)
sensory neurons
47.
Humans with damage to the amygdala show decreased:
a)
fear response.
b)
sex drive.
c)
incidence of depression.
d)
allergies to food.
48.
The left hemisphere of the brain specializes in which of the following?
a)
visual-spatial perception
b)
language
c)
emotional thought and recognition
d)
pattern recognition
49.
Researchers have found that nicotine, one of the main substances in cigarettes, indirectly releases dopamine, which produces a “feel good” sensation in people who smoke. Based on this finding, nicotine would be an example of a/n _________.
a)
inhibitory neurotransmitter
b)
antagonist
c)
agonist
d)
excitatory synapses
50.
When a person is hurt, ________ is/are released.
a)
hormones
b)
endorphins
c)
antagonists
d)
dopamine
51.
Betsy works in a human resources department. She plans training sessions, recruits, people to work for the company, and implements techniques to boost morale around the office. Of the following, Betsy is most likely  
a)
Developmental psychologist 
b)
Personality psychologist 
c)
Industrial-organized psychologist
d)
Educational psychologist
52.
What neurotransmitters are most likely to under supply in someone who is depressed?
a)
Dopamine and GABA
b)
ACh and norepinephrine
c)
Dopamine & norepinephrine
d)
Serotonin and Glutamate
53.
Which branch of the nervous system calms a person?
a)
a. Central nervous system
b)
Sympathetic
c)
Parasympathetic 
d)
Endocrine
54.

Which area of the brain is primarily involved with controlling speech?

a)

Wernicke's

b)

angular gyrus

c)

sensory cortex

d)

Broca's area

55.

Migraine headaches are most closely liked with which neurotransmitter:

a)

oversupply of glutamate

b)

undersupply of acetylcholine

c)

oversupply of GABA

d)

oversupply of norepinepherine

56.

The part of the brain that receives information from all of the senses except smell:

a)

thalamus

b)

hippocampus

c)

medulla

d)

amygdala

57.

Tremors in Parkinson's disease result from the death of nerve cells that produce the neurotransmitter:

a)

ACh

b)

GABA

c)

Acetylcholine

d)

dopamine

58.

An undersupply of serotonin is liked to:

a)

euphoria

b)

Alzheimer's

c)

Parkinson's

d)

depression

59.

Schizophrenia is most closely linked with excess activity for this neurotransmitter:

a)

acetylcholine

b)

dopamine

c)

GABA

d)

epinephrine

60.
As his AP psychology teacher was lecturing, Tanner was thinking about competing in a swim meet later that afternoon. Where are Tanner's current thoughts being processed?
a)
sensory memory
b)
working memory
c)
long-term memory
d)
echoic memory
61.
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ________ memory.
a)
state-dependent
b)
long-term
c)
implicit
d)
flashbulb
62.
In an effort to remember how to spell “rhinoceros,” Samantha spells the word aloud 30 times. She is using a technique known as
a)
priming
b)
rehearsal
c)
the peg-word system
d)
chunking
63.
Students who restudy course material at the end of a semester in order to pass the AP final exam are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of
a)
implicit memory
b)
the serial position effect
c)
long-term potentation
d)
the spacing effect
64.
Semantic encoding is to visual encoding as ________ is to ________.
a)
effortful processing; automatic processing
b)
iconic memory; flashbulb memory
c)
meaning; imagery
d)
implicit memory; explicit memory
65.
“The magical number seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory.
a)
short-term
b)
explicit
c)
implicit
d)
sensory
66.
Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.
a)
recall; recognition
b)
recognition; relearning
c)
recall; relearning
d)
recognition; rehearsal
67.
The title of a song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by
a)
repression.
b)
encoding failure.
c)
retrieval failure.
d)
a physical decay of stored memory.
68.
After studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material that he memorized that morning. Alonzo's difficulty best illustrates
a)
retroactive interference.
b)
proactive interference.
c)
source amnesia.
d)
the spacing effect.
69.
When someone mentions Ivy League colleges, Trisha immediately thinks of Harvard University. In this instance, Harvard University is a
a)
prototype.
b)
mental set.
c)
algorithm.
d)
fixation.
70.
A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of
a)
an algorithm.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
functional fixedness.
d)
belief perseverance.
71.
The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to
a)
save time in arriving at solutions to problems.
b)
avoid the issue of functional fixedness.
c)
yield more accurate solutions to problems.
d)
involve greater reliance on language skills.
72.
The tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses is called
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
the representativeness heuristic.
d)
confirmation bias.
73.
Dean overestimates the proportion of family chores for which he takes sole responsibility because it's easier for him to recall what he has done than to recall what other family members have done. This best illustrates the impact of
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
confirmation bias.
c)
the availability heuristic.
d)
overconfidence
74.
Which of the following is the best example of framing?
a)
Alex was locked out of his car. He didn't think to use a coat hanger to unlock the door before calling the police.
b)
Zach felt very certain that he knew all the concepts in Chapter 2, so he was surprised to get 65 percent on the exam.
c)
Despite reading several research studies demonstrating that therapeutic touch is no more effective than a placebo in treating pain, Miriam still considers it a valid treatment option.
d)
A television advertisement for lotion claims that it is made of 75 percent organic materials, not that it contains 25 percent artificial ingredients.
75.
In the words “helped” and “called,” the “ed” ending is a(n)
a)
prototype.
b)
morpheme.
c)
syntax.
d)
algorithm.
76.
Chomsky suggested that as a child first begins hearing language, appropriate settings or standards regarding the rules of that language are activated in the child's
a)
category hierarchy.
b)
linguistic prototype.
c)
linguistic prototype.
d)
language acquisition device.
77.
Which of the following is not related to forgetting?
a)
Retroactive interference
b)
Repression
c)
Decay
d)
Long term potentiation
78.
If you watch a sequel to movie, and have trouble remembering if a character was in the first movie, you are experiencing...
a)
Repressive Memories
b)
Proactive Interference
c)
Retroactive Interference
d)
Memory Decay
79.
According to _________ theory, you are likely to form memories that mirror your emotional state.
a)
Mood congruent
b)
Mood dependent
c)
episodic memory
d)
priming
80.

Drugs that cause hallucinations, including marijuana and LSD,

a)

Stimulants

b)

Hallucinogens

c)

Depressants

d)

Opiates

81.

Sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep episodes.

a)

Night Terrors

b)

Insomnia

c)

Narcolepsy

d)

Sleep Apnea

82.

Sleep disorder characterized by a cessation in breathing, causing a person to wake up repeatedly throughout the night.

a)

Insomnia

b)

Narcolepsy

c)

Sleep Apnea

d)

Night Terrors

83.

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.

a)

REM rebound

b)

NREM sleep

c)

Stage 2 sleep

d)

awakness

84.

The dream theory that states that dreaming works out our daily problems while we sleep and sorts through new memories.

a)

Wish Fulfillment

b)

Information Processing

c)

Activation-Synthesis

d)

Manifest Theory

85.

Caffeine, cocaine, and Ecstasy are all ___________.

a)

neurotransmitters

b)

opiates

c)

hallucinogens

d)

stimulants

86.

Court systems frequently ban testimony from witnesses who have been hypnotized because the procedure often encourages:

a)

a hidden observer

b)

hallucinations

c)

narcolepsy

d)

false memories

87.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus signals the production of melatonin from the ____________.

a)

Pineal Gland

b)

Pituitary Gland

c)

Hypothalamus

d)

Reticular Formation

88.

Waves produced when awake but relaxed:

a)

Alpha Waves

b)

Beta Waves

c)

Theta Waves

d)

Delta Waves

89.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of REM sleep?

a)

Delta waves

b)

Increased heart rate

c)

Vivid dreams

d)

Paralysis

90.

The circadian rhythm refers to:

a)

biological rhythms that occur from 1 month to a year

b)

hibernation

c)

biological rhythms that occur within a 24 hour period

d)

hunger

91.

The neurotransmitter that is released by cocaine:

a)

norepinephrine

b)

dopamine

c)

seratonin

d)

GABA

92.

Heroin and other opiates are so addictive partly because they mimic:

a)

endorphins

b)

dopamine

c)

adrenaline

d)

seratonin

93.

Activation synthesis argues that dreams

a)

help encode memories

b)

are random stories created by the brain

c)

reveal hidden desires

d)

allow for wish fulfillment

94.

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream:

a)

manifest content

b)

withdrawal

c)

latent content

d)

stimulants

95.

How many minutes long is the average sleep cycle?

a)

15

b)

60

c)

90

d)

120

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