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Unit 5 Practice - Metabolism, CR, Photo

Total questions: 114

Worksheet time: 2hrs 51mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The two molecules needed for cellular respiration are...

a)

water and fiber

b)

oxygen and amino acids

c)

protein and glucose

d)

oxygen and glucose

2.
The reactants of photosynthesis are
a)
sugar and water.
b)
sugar and oxygen.
c)
carbon dioxide, light and water.
d)
carbon dioxide and oxygen.
3.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
Carbon dioxide and water
b)
Carbon dioxide and oxygen
c)
Glucose and oxygen
d)
Glucose and water
4.
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
a)
Glucose and oxygen
b)
Carbon dioxide and water
c)
Lactic acid
d)
Carbon monoxide
5.

sum of all chemical reactions

a)

chemosynthesis

b)

cellular respiration

c)

metabolism

d)

photosynthesis

6.

Building of large molecules from smaller ones

a)

metabolism

b)

catabolism

c)

anabolism

d)

oxidation

7.

The break down of large molecules into smaller ones

a)

metabolism

b)

catabolism

c)

anabolism

d)

oxidation

8.

The energy held in bonds of atoms that is released when the bonds are broken

a)

heat

b)

kinetic energy

c)

potential energy

d)

chemical energy

9.

The law of conservation of energy; total amount of energy in the universe is constant and be neither created or destroyed.

a)

First Law of Thermodynamics

b)

Second Law of Thermodynamics

10.

Energy cannot be changed without a loss of useable energy (heat) .

a)

First Law of Thermodynamics

b)

Second Law of Thermodynamics

11.

releases energy (occurs spontaneously)

a)

metabolism

b)

anabolic reaction

c)

catabolic reaction

d)

photosynthesis

12.

absorbs energy (non-spontaneous)

a)

metabolism

b)

anabolic reaction

c)

catabolic reaction

d)

photosynthesis

13.

Where does glycolysis take place in cells?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Mitochondrial matrix

c)

Mitochondrial cristae

d)

Cell membrane

14.

Glycolysis results in the net gain of:

a)

2 ATP

b)

4 ATP

c)

1 CO2

d)

2 Acetyl CoA

15.
Which of the following is not a requirement for glycolysis?
a)
Oxygen
b)
ATP
c)
NAD+
d)
Glucose
16.

A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP, the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event?

a)

As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.

b)

As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells.

c)

The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing.

d)

As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP.

17.

Which process takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces a large amount of ATP?

a)

photosynthesis

b)

lactic acid fermentation

c)

aerobic respiration

d)

alcoholic fermentation

18.
Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?
a)
Only species Y is aerobic.
b)
Only species Y is anaerobic
c)
Both species X and Y are aerobic.
d)
Both species X and Y are anaerobic.
19.

What are the reactants for cellular respiration?

a)

oxygen and lactic acid

b)

carbon dioxide and water

c)

glucose and oxygen

d)

water and glucose

20.
Glycolysis is a _______ process
a)
Anabolic
b)
Catabolic
c)
Single Step
d)
Strictly Eukaryotic
21.
NADH is a ______ form of NAD+.
a)
Reduced
b)
Oxidized
c)
Catabolized
d)
Hydrolized
22.
Which molecule enters Kreb's Cycle?
a)
Pyruvate
b)
Glucose
c)
Acetyl CoA
d)
reducing powers
23.
What enzyme in the ETC is responsible for generating the ATP molecules?
a)
ATPase
b)
ATP synthase
c)
Hexokinase
d)
none of the above
24.
Where does ETC occur?
a)
Mitochondrial matrix
b)
Outer mitochondrial membrane
c)
Inner mitochondrial membrane
d)
Cytosol
25.

After strenuous exercise, a muscle cell would contain decreased amounts of ______ and increased amounts of ______

a)

glucose; ATP

b)

ATP; glucose

c)

oxygen; lactic acid

d)

lactic acid; ATP

26.
Location of ATP synthase
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
27.
Site of the krebs cycle
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
28.
Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent?
a)
electron transport
b)
glycolysis
c)
the citric acid cycle (Krebs)
d)
oxidative phosphorylation
29.

During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location?

a)

mitochondrial matrix

b)

mitochondrial outer membrane

c)

mitochondrial inner membrane

d)

mitochondrial intermembrane space

30.
Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?
a)
glycolysis and fermentation
b)
citric acid cycle
c)
fermentation and chemiosmosis
d)
oxidative phosphorylation
31.
The ATP made during fermentation (including glycolysis) is generated by which of the following?
a)
the electron transport chain
b)
substrate-level phosphorylation
c)
chemiosmosis
d)
oxidative phosphorylation
32.
At what point in cellular respiration is the majority of the NADH produced?
a)
Glycolysis
b)
Pyruvate Oxidation
c)
Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle
d)
Electron Transport Chain
33.

How is a molecule oxidized?

a)

Electrons are added to the molecule

b)

Electrons are removed from the molecule

c)

Electrons are shared with the molecule

d)

Protons are added to the molecule

34.
Which of the following statements are false?
a)
Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen
b)
Glycolysis is the first step in both anaerobic and aerobic respiration
c)
Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria
d)
Glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 Pyruvates, and 2 NADH
35.
At the end of the Kreb's cycle, where is most of the energy from the original glucose stored?
a)
in CO2
b)
in ATP
c)
in NADH
d)
in pyruvate
36.
During chemiosmosis
a)
H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor
b)
a concentration gradient is generated when H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix to the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion
c)
energy is released as H+ ions move freely across the mitochondrial membrane
d)
ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase
37.

What are the stages of cellular respiration in order?

I. ETC

II. Pyruvate Oxidation

III. TCA/Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle

IV. Glycolysis

a)

IV, III, II, I

b)

II, IV, III, I

c)

IV, II, III, I

d)

IV, I, II, III

38.

What is the main purpose of the Krebs cycle?

a)

to produce ATP

b)

to produce electron carriers

c)

to produce water

d)

to produce carbon dioxide

39.
Use the diagram to answer the question. Between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule?
a)
A and B
b)
A and C
c)
B and C
d)
C and D
40.

The main purpose of anaerobic respiration is to

a)

produce oxygen

b)

replenish NAD+ for glycolysis

c)

replenish Acetyl-CoA for the Krebs cycle

d)

produce ATP

41.
Which of the following is not an end product of the Kreb's cycle?
a)
FADH2
b)
CO2
c)
pyruvate
d)
ATP
42.
In the instances we have investigated, when a phosphate is added to a molecule, either by substrate-level phosphorylation or oxidative phosphorylation, that molecule now has
a)
less free energy
b)
more free energy
c)
the ability to transport electrons
d)
the ability to act as a final electron acceptor
43.
The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to
a)
yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain.
b)
act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water.
c)
combine with carbon, forming CO2.
d)
combine with lactate, forming pyruvate.
44.
What is the name of a pigment-containing complex found in a thylakoid?
a)
chlorophyll a
b)
photosystem
c)
grana
d)
stroma
45.
Where do the light-dependent reactions occur? 
a)
thylakoid membrane
b)
stroma
c)
mesophyll
d)
mitochondria
46.
What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a)
To produce glucose
b)
To produce NADPH and ATP
c)
To use ATP
d)
To produce RuBP
47.
Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reactions?
a)
ATP
b)
NADPH
c)
Oxygen
d)
Glucose
48.
What does ATP synthase do?
a)
Create ATP in chemiosmosis.
b)
Break down ATP in chemiosmosis.
c)
Break down NADPH. 
d)
Create NADPH.
49.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
CO2 + light + H2O --> O2 + glucose
b)
CO2 + glucose + H2O --> O2 + light
c)
O2 + light + H2O --> CO2 + glucose
d)
CO2 + O2 + H2O --> Light+ glucose
50.
What supplies the electrons that are lost in PS I?
a)
the electrons from PS II
b)
water
c)
glucose
d)
oxygen
51.
What is the function of NADP+?
a)
It absorbs light
b)
It is an electron carrier
c)
It is a light-reflecting pigment
d)
It acts as long-term energy storage
52.
Which substance from the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is a source of energy for the light-independent reactions?
a)
ADP
b)
H2O
c)
NADPH
d)
pyruvic acid
53.

It is important to create a concentration of H+ in the thylakoid space so that the H+ can diffuse through_________ to create ______.

a)

ATP synthase; ATP

b)

NADH; NADPH

c)

proton pump; protons

54.
If an aquatic plant is placed into a test tube with water near a light source, what will it produce?
a)
Glucose and Oxygen
b)
Carbon dioxide and ATP
c)
Water and Oxygen
d)
Glucose and ATP
55.

The splitting/breaking of water

a)

occurs during Cellular Respiration

b)

is called hydrolysis

c)

produces oxygen, electrons and hydrogens

d)

occurs during fermentation

56.

NADP+, NAD+, and FAD are

a)

involved in photosynthesis

b)

acceptors of electrons and hydrogens for transport

c)

are involved in cellular respiration

d)

are unrelated compounds

57.

Carbon fixation

a)

is part of the Krebs Cycle

b)

is part of the Calvin Cycle

c)

is part of the ETC

d)

is part of the Light Reactions

58.

Electrons become energized during photosynthesis when

a)

they are absorbed by water

b)

they undergo carbon fixation

c)

they are struck with light energy

d)

they are incorporated into oxygen

59.
How many ATP are gained through glycolysis?
a)
0
b)
2
c)
4
d)
30-38
60.
What enzyme in the ETC is responsible for generating the ATP molecules?
a)
ATPase
b)
ATP synthase
c)
Hexokinase
d)
none of the above
61.

Each NADH molecule carrying hydrogen to the ETC can produce a maximum of _ molecules of ATP?

a)

1.5

b)

2.5

c)

5

d)

32

62.
Which organism pictured must absorb carbon dioxide to survive?
a)
bird
b)
rabbit
c)
insect
d)
tree
63.
What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a)
To produce glucose
b)
To produce NADPH and ATP
c)
To use ATP
d)
To produce RuBP
64.
The loss of H2O through stomata is referred to as:
a)
Transpiration
b)
Respiration
c)
Evaporation
d)
Photorespiration
65.
Which of the following molecules is not needed for the Calvin Cycle?
a)
CO2
b)
ATP
c)
NADPH
d)
H2O
66.

Green plants ________ green light.

a)

absorb

b)

reflect

c)

use

d)

consume

67.

The light dependent reactions occur in the ________ and the light independent reactions occur in the ________.

a)

chloroplast / thylakoid membrane

b)

stroma / thylakoid

c)

mesophyl / stomata

d)

thylakoid membrane / stroma

68.
Where does the carbon come from that is used to form glucose?
a)
The soil
b)
CO2 in the air
c)
From other carbohydrates
d)
Calvin Cycle
69.
Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
a)
autotrophs
b)
heterotrophs.
c)
thylakoids.
d)
pigments.
70.
When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of
a)
reducing NADP+
b)
splitting water molecules
c)
chemiosmosis
d)
electron transfer in photosystem II and I
71.
Where does carbon dioxide enter plants
a)
The leaves
b)
Stomata
c)
Roots
d)
Stem
72.
Where does a plant absorb the water that it uses during photosynthesis?
a)
Leaves
b)
Stem
c)
Roots
d)
Petals
73.
How many sugar molecules are produced from every six molecules of carbon dioxide that enter the Calvin cycle?
a)
1
b)
3
c)
6
d)
12
74.
Enzymes are capable of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction within a living cell.  Enzymes accomplish this through which of the following means?
a)
reducing the number of products   
b)
reducing the activation energy
c)
increasing the temperature of the cell
d)
increasing the concentration of reactants 
75.
What is structure A?
a)
Substrate
b)
Active site
c)
Enzyme
d)
Products
76.
What is structure D?
a)
Substrate
b)
Active site
c)
Enzyme
d)
Products
77.
What is structure C?
a)
Substrate
b)
Active site
c)
Enzyme
d)
Products
78.
What is structure E, F, G?
a)
Substrate
b)
Active site
c)
Enzyme
d)
Products
79.
What 3 letters do enzymes typically end in?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
80.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
81.
Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?
a)
Coenzyme
b)
Substrate
c)
Vitamin
d)
Polypeptide
82.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
83.
Which of these is NOT true?
a)
Enzymes can denature (change shape) when the temperature gets too high.
b)
Enzymes can only be used once in a chemical reaction. 
c)
Extreme pH can denature enzymes.
d)
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. 
84.
The current model of enzyme action is referred to as the...
a)
Induced Fit Model
b)
Lock & Key Model
c)
Singer-Nicolson Model
d)
Davson-Danielli Model
85.
Why does the shape of an enzyme determine its function?
a)
enzymes are specific to substrates (lock and key)
b)
enzymes can work with any substrate
c)
enzymes are activated by molecules
d)
enzymes are found everywhere
86.
Chemical reaction that requires energy input (heat, light, or electricity) in order to proceed.
a)
exothermic reaction
b)
exergonic reaction
c)
endothermic reaction
d)
endergonic reaction
87.
Chemical reaction that requires energy input (heat, light, or electricity) in order to proceed.
a)
exothermic reaction
b)
exergonic reaction
c)
endothermic reaction
d)
endergonic reaction
88.
Is this reaction endergonic or exergonic?
a)
Exergonic
b)
Endergonic
89.
Is this reaction endergonic or exergonic?
a)
Exergonic
b)
Endergonic
90.
Exergonic reactions are spontaneous.
a)
True
b)
False
91.
The induced fit model of enzyme activity suggests which of the following?
a)
the binding of substrate depends on the conformation of the active site
b)
the binding of an activator alters the active site to enable binding of products more tightly
c)
binding of substrate changes the conformation of the active site to bind substrate more tightly
d)
binging of competitive inhibitors changes the shape of the active site to bind substrate less tightly
92.
Catabolism is the net ____ of energy and Anabolism is the net ____ of energy
a)
output;input
b)
input;output
c)
output;output
d)
input;input
93.

Which of the following best explains why expired milk typically tastes sour and develops curds (becomes clumpy)?

a)

Yeast make ethanol and CO2, which causes lactose to polymerize

b)

Yeast are at an intermediate stage of making yogurt

c)

Bacteria produce lactic acid, which lowers the pH and denatures the proteins

d)

Bacteria produce ethanol, which denatures the sugars and the proteins

e)

The molecules in the milk spontaneously clump and separate, with the acids rising to the top

94.

ATP serves as the cellular energy source for all organisms because

a)

it is a negatively charged molecule

b)

its synthesis is exergonic

c)

it is stable enough to store for long periods of time

d)

its hydrolysis provides the energy that can do cellular work

95.

A reduced rate of photosynthesis or photosynthetic yield can be attributed to any of the following except

a)

reduced atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration

b)

reduced water availability

c)

fewer number of cytochrome proteins and Calvin cycle enzymes

d)

increased stomatal openings

96.

A botanist grows a plant in a sealed container under green light. What would you expect to happen?

a)

An increase in oxygen

b)

An increase in carbon dioxide

c)

A decrease in carbon dioxide

d)

An increase in nitrogen

e)

No change is expected because plants do not use green light

97.

A botanist places a plant in a sealed container in light for a few days and finds that the oxygen concentration increases. For the next several days, she places the plant in the dark and notices the oxygen concentration decreases. What is the best explanation for decreased oxygen production in the dark?

a)

The plant used the oxygen for photosynthesis

b)

The plant used the oxygen for cellular respiration

c)

The plant produced more carbon dioxide, displacing the oxygen

d)

The plant consumed more carbon dioxide, resulting in more oxygen use

e)

The container was probably not sealed properly

98.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between enzyme activity and temperature?

a)

Enzyme activity always increases with increasing temperature

b)

Higher temperatures typically increase enzyme activity by lowering the activation energy of the reaction

c)

Higher temperatures increase enzyme activity by increasing the number of activated complexes formed each minute

d)

Low temperatures can denature enzymes by freezing them

e)

Enzymes are activated allosterically at certain temperatures, but excessively high heat may destroy them by denaturation

99.

Which of the following statements best describes enzymes?

a)

They are present in the nucleus during eukaryotic DNA replication

b)

They are made of amino acids

c)

Their collective action regulates the metabolism of the cell

d)

Many enzymes can be activated or inactivated by the presence or absence of specific hormones

e)

All of the above are correct statements about enzymes

100.

Which of the following best explains why different enzymes work best at different pHs?

a)

Different enzymes are made from different amino acids

b)

The three-dimensional folding of an enzyme is affected by the concentration of hydrogen ions in its environment

c)

Enzymes that are present at low pHs work best at low pHs

d)

Cells change their pH to regulate enzyme activity

e)

Enzymes can increase or decrease the pH of a cell to become active or inactive

101.

In the mitochondrial electron transport chain, protons are pumped into the intermembrane space. This would cause the pH of the intermembrane space to

a)

increase due to an increase in hydrogen ion concentration

b)

decrease due to an increase in hydrogen ion concentration

c)

increase due to a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration

d)

decrease due to a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration

e)

not change because pH is related to hydrogen ion concentration, not proton concentration

102.

In an experiment, plants are exposed to radioactively labeled O2. In which of the following molecules would the radioactivity be expected?

a)

C6H12O6

b)

NADPH

c)

H2O

d)

ATP

e)

Rubisco

103.

If plants are grown for several days in an atmosphere containing 14CO2, the largest amount of 14C would most likely be found in

a)

the air spaces in the spongy mesophyll

b)

the chlorophyll

c)

the starch stored in the roots

d)

the central vacuole

e)

All the cells of the plant would be expected to contain equal concentrations

104.

In an experiment, mice are fed glucose with radio-labeled (14C). In which of the following molecules would the radioactivity be expected?

a)

NADH

b)

H2O

c)

CO2

d)

ATP

105.

The Calvin cycle requires energy and reducing power from which of the following?

a)

ATP from oxidative phosphorylation, NADPH from the Krebs cycle

b)

ATP from the light-dependent reactions, NADH from the Krebs cycle

c)

ATP from photolysis, NADH from the thylakoid electron transport chain

d)

ATP from the light dependent reactions, NADPH from the light-independent reactions

e)

ATP and NADPH from the tylakoid electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

106.

All of the following are true regarding both mitochondria and chloroplasts except

a)

they cannot replicate independently of the cell

b)

they contain a molecule of circular DNA

c)

they are surrounded by two membranes

d)

they synthesize ATP by chemiosmosis

e)

they contain a compartment where hydrogen ions are pumped

107.

Which of the following types of molecules produces the most energy when oxidized?

a)

Proteins

b)

Carbohydrates

c)

Lipids

d)

Nucleic Acids

108.

ATP is produced in all of the following processes except

a)

Cyclic light reactions

b)

Non-cyclic light reactions

c)

Glycolysis

d)

Chemiosmosis

e)

The Calvin Cycle

109.

Which of the following is common to both fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration?

a)

Oxygen is consumed

b)

FADH2 is produced

c)

ATP is synthesized

d)

Carbon dioxide is consumed

e)

All of the energy available in glucose is released as CO2

110.

All of the following are true of chemiosmosis except

a)

It occurs in both chloroplasts and mitochondria

b)

It requires high-energy electrons to prodive the energy to pump protons across a membrane

c)

Protons are pumped by ATP synthase

d)

In the chloroplast, low-energy electrons are obtained from water, then energized (excited) by sunlight

e)

In the mitochondria, high energy electrons are obtained from glucose

111.

All of the following are true of chemiosmosis except

a)

In the chloroplast, protons are pumped into the thlakoid space and flow into the stroma

b)

In the mitochondria, protons are pumped into the intermembrane space and flow into the matrix

c)

The energy for ATP synthesis comes from the release of the proton gradient

d)

Cytochromes are membrane-bound proteins that make up the electron transport chain

e)

Cytochrome proteins capture the energy from the release of the proton gradient and store it in the bonds of ATP

112.

All of the following are true regarding fermentation except

a)

Yeast produce two molecules of ethanol and two molecules of CO2 for each glucose molecule consumed

b)

A net gain of two ATP per glucose is obtained

c)

The purpose of fermentation is to produce two NADH per glucose

d)

Bacteria and muscle cells under certain conditions perform lactic acid fermentation

e)

In humans, red blood cells lack mitochondria and rely exclusively on lactic acid fermentation to produce ATP

113.

What causes the graph to plateau?

a)

The enzymes start to denature

b)

The enzymes have achieved activation energy

c)

The substrates have all been converted into products

d)

The active sites of the enzymes have become saturated

114.

Which enzyme is unaffected by pH?

a)

chymotripsin

b)

cholinesterase

c)

pepsin

d)

papain

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