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Environmental Science Ch.5 Mechanisms of Evolution

Total questions: 76

Worksheet time: 54mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Who was the naturalist that traveled the world to study plants and animals?
a)
Albert Einstein
b)
Charles Darwin
c)
Charles Barkley
d)
Isaac Newton
2.
The gradual change in species over time is...
a)
Evolution
b)
Nucleotide 
c)
Adaptation
d)
Natural Selection
3.
To adjust to a changing environment
a)
Mutation
b)
Adapt
4.
Another word for adapt is ____________.
a)
change
b)
create
5.
Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better suited to the environment survive and reproduce therefore passing down their genes to their offspring? 
a)
Evolution 
b)
Variation 
c)
Adaptation
d)
Natural Selection 
6.
Darwin referred to this as survival of the fittest. Over time, it results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population because organisms with adaptations that make them fit for their environment will survive and reproduce better than those without favorable traits.
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Genetic Variation
c)
Survival of the Fittest
7.
Genetic differences between organisms of the same species
a)
Variation
b)
Adaptation
c)
Behavior
d)
Environment
8.
When an organism completely dies out, it is called.....
a)
Adaption
b)
Extinction
c)
Fossilization
d)
Mutation
9.
A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring is called a species.  
a)
True  
b)
False
10.
A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations is called a(an):
a)
hypothesis
b)
experiment
c)
cause and effect
d)
scientific theory
11.
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the process of natural selection?
a)
Overpopulation
b)
Fossils
c)
Competition
d)
Variations
12.
Remains of ancient organisms are called
a)
Extinctions
b)
Fossils
c)
Mutations
d)
Variations
13.
Darwin's expedition was called the Voyage of the _________.
a)
Titanic
b)
Beagle
14.
The struggle for existence against other members of an organisms species is
a)
Competition
b)
Natural Selection
c)
gene flow
d)
genetic drift
15.
What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?
a)
To look different from other species.
b)
To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.
c)
To protect itself against predators.
d)
To protect itself against prey.
16.
The white feathers of a snowy owl allow it to blend in with its environment during the winter months (snow). This is an example of ________________
a)
Species
b)
Environmental Change
c)
Adaptation
d)
Variation
17.

A segment of DNA is called a

a)

Chromosome

b)

Protein

c)

Gene

d)

Trait

18.

Which of the following is key to natural selection?

a)

Weather

b)

Genetic Variation

c)

Food

d)

Sexual reproduction

19.

When a species copies the appearance of another species for survival it is called what?

a)

Camouflage

b)

Mimicry

c)

Variation

d)

Geographic Isolation

20.
What type of symbiosis?  Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers.  The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
21.

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed...

a)

Mutualism

b)

Competition

c)

Parasitsm

d)

Commensalism

22.
What is the ultimate ORIGINAL source of energy for living things
a)
Sugar
b)
Sun
c)
Moon
d)
Carbon Dioxide
23.
Which statement about photosynthesis is correct?
a)
Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis from water.
b)
Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis from soil.
c)
Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis from sunlight.
d)
Plants do not require energy to perform photosynthesis.
24.

A wolf eats a rabbit, that just ate some berries. What would you call the rabbit?

a)

Producer

b)

Omnivore

c)

Primary Consumer

d)

Secondary Consumer

25.

Which of the following would be the most likely effect, if there were a sudden increase in the grasshopper population?

a)

There would be a decrease in the small bird population.

b)

There would be a decrease in the flowers population.

c)

There would be a decrease in the mice population.

d)

There would be an increase in the flowers population.

26.
Name the producers in this food web.
a)
seagull and fish
b)
penguin and crab
c)
phytoplankton and seaweed
d)
seaweed and zooplankton
27.
The owl receives energy from which organisms?
a)
grasshopper and mouse
b)
mouse and rabbit
c)
rabbit and butterfly
d)
butterfly and frog
28.
A species that is not native to an area is called: 
a)
Native Species
b)
Natural Species
c)
Invasive Species
d)
Symbiotic Species
29.
Why do the populations of invasive species grow so quickly? 
a)
Invasive Species are native to an area. 
b)
Invasive species are prey to many animals.
c)
Invasive species have no predators.
d)
Invasive species keep the ecosystems in equilibrium.
30.
An organism's ability to survive and reproduce
a)
niche
b)
habitat
c)
adaptation
d)
fitness
31.
The fitness of one individual
a)
relative fitness
b)
group fitness
c)
absolute fitness
d)
average fitness
32.
An organism's _________ is defined as the environment in which it lives.
a)
habitat
b)
niche
c)
social structure
d)
ecosystem
33.
A species whose presence indicates the health of an ecosystem
a)
keystone species
b)
Indicator species
c)
plants
d)
producers
34.
The term for the role an organism has in the community.
a)
niche
b)
habitat
c)
tolerances
d)
competition
35.

The range of all  conditions in which a species lives and how it gets what it needs to survive and reproduce.
a)
population
b)
ecosystem
c)
niche
d)
biology
36.
The term biodiversity means:
a)
a wide variety of plants and animals in an ecosystem
b)
only a few types of plants and animals in an ecosystem
c)
an ecosystem composed mostly of plants
d)
an ecosystem composed mostly of animals
37.
This is known as the set of resources a population is theoretically capable of using in the wild.
a)
niche
b)
realized niche
c)
fundamental niche
d)
competition
38.
The resources a population actually uses as a result of competition.
a)
niche
b)
realized niche
c)
fundamental niche
d)
competition
39.

"The gradual process by which communities and ecosystems change and develop over time"

a)

Resource Partitioning

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Ecological Succession

d)

Pioneer Species

40.

"____________________ happens when new, almost usually lifeless, ecosystems start to build soil from bare rock."

a)

Pioneer Species

b)

Primary Sucession

c)

Secondary Succession

d)

Niche

41.

"Organisms that start or restart an ecosystem during succession."

a)

Pioneer species

b)

Habitat

c)

Niche

d)

Primary species

42.

Which type of succession takes LONGER than the other?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

43.

"Happens when an existing ecosystem has been disturbed drastically, and the ecosystems have to regrow"

a)

Primary succession

b)

Resource partitioning

c)

Habitats and Niches

d)

Secondary succession

44.

Where the organism lives in an ecosystem is considered it's...

a)

Habitat

b)

Niche

c)

Home

d)

Biosphere

45.

The ecological role an organism performs in their specific environment is considered the organism's...

a)

Habitat

b)

Population

c)

Biome

d)

Niche

46.

Individual organisms breaking up resources into smaller areas to use it is called...

a)

Ecological succession

b)

Niche specializing

c)

Spreading the wealth

d)

Resource Partitioning

47.

A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

48.

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unharmed.

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

apex predator

d)

parasitism

49.

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed.

a)

parasitism

b)

mutualism

c)

commensalism

d)

predation

50.

One organism hunts and eats another organism.

a)

predation

b)

mutualism

c)

carnivore

d)

parasitism

51.

When different species live together.

a)

symbiosis

b)

habitat

c)

competiton

d)

predation

52.

This occurs when niches overlap between species and they have to compete for resources.

a)

competition

b)

interspecific

c)

parasite

d)

intraspecies

53.

When two different species compete for resources, it is ____________ competition.

a)

interspecific

b)

habitat

c)

symbiosis

d)

intraspecies

54.

When two organisms from the same species compete for resources, it is ______________ competition.

a)

intraspecies

b)

predation

c)

commensalism

d)

interspecific

55.

Which pair is an example of a symbiotic relationship?

a)

Owl and field mouse

b)

Oak tree and pine tree

c)

Spider and fly

d)

Shark and remora fish

56.

Leeches are organisms that live in ponds and feed on the blood of fish and other animals. They produce enzymes which cause the animal on which they feed to continue bleeding even after the leech is done feeding. What type of relationship does this describe?

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

d)

intraspecies

57.

Sharks consume (eat) smaller fish they catch in the ocean. Frogs catch and eat flying insects in ponds. What type of relationship is this?

a)

mutulism

b)

predation

c)

parasitism

d)

interspecific

58.
In convergent evolution, organisms share physical similarities because they 
a)
have a common ancestor
b)
live in similar environments
c)
develop homologous structures
d)
are closely related 
59.
Two species are in different environments and look very similar.  However, that are not closely related.  Their resemblance is most likely an example of.
a)
sexual selection
b)
temporal isolation
c)
convergent evolution
d)
Coevolution
60.
A bumble bee has just enough weight to open up the snapdragon flower and get the nectar/pollen inside.  Other insects cannot do this. This adaption is an example of........
a)
convergent evolution
b)
co-evolution
c)
divergent evolution
d)
speciation
61.
Sharks and dolphins both have streamlined bodies that allow them to move through water efficiently, this is an example of which type of evolution?
a)
Divergent
b)
Coevolution
c)
Convergent
d)
Artificial
62.
What type of evolution is demonstrated in this photo?  (Hint: the bee and the flower have evolved in response to each other)
a)
Coevolution
b)
Convergent evolution
c)
Punctuated evolution
d)
Gradualistic evolution
63.
The image provided is an example of a(n):
a)
Carnivore
b)
Herbivore
c)
Producer
d)
Autotroph
64.
The amount of energy that usually transfers from one trophic level to the next...
a)
10%
b)
20%
c)
80%
d)
50%
65.
Which of the following would be the definition of a detritivore?
a)
Animals that eat insects.
b)
Organisms that feed on rocks, recycling the nutrients back into the ground.
c)
Organisms that eat only pants
d)
Things that feed on dead organisms, recycling the nutrients back into the ground.
66.
An illustration that uses arrows to show the many possible directions in which matter and energy can pass through the organisms in an ecosystem.
a)
Food chain
b)
Food web
c)
Energy Pyramid
d)
Succession Map
67.

Organisms that feed on both living producers and other consumers.

a)

Carnivores

b)

Omnivores

c)

Herbivores

d)

Detritivores

68.
An organism at the second trophic level would be considered a...
a)
Top carnivore
b)
Producer
c)
Herbivore
d)
Carnivore
69.
Which one is NOT an example of a decomposer?
a)
mushroom
b)
leaves
c)
mold
d)
worm
70.
In the energy pyramid here, which organisms have the most energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Carnivores
c)
Herbivores
d)
Top Predator
71.
An illustration that uses arrows to show the many possible directions in which matter and energy can pass through the organisms in an ecosystem.
a)
Food chain
b)
Food web
c)
Energy Pyramid
d)
Succession Map
72.
What is this picture of?
a)
Food Web
b)
Food 
c)
Food Pyramid 
d)
Food Chain
73.
All living things do which of the following?
a)
Chemosynthesis
b)
Respiration
c)
photosynthesis
d)
all of the answers
74.
What is one of the reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
energy
b)
glucose
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
water
75.
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
a)
Glucose and oxygen
b)
Carbon dioxide and water
c)
Lactic acid
d)
Carbon monoxide
76.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6

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