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Psychology mid-term review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 24mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
 emphasizes the role that thoughts play in determining behavior  
a)
evolutionary perspective
b)
cognitive perspective
c)
biological perspective
d)
all of the above
2.
 emphasizes the influences of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socio-economic status on behavior and mental processes 
a)
evolutionary perspective
b)
biological perspective
c)
sociocultural perspective
d)
all of the above
3.
 the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
a)
psychology
b)
biology
c)
morality
d)
behavior
4.
The evolutionary perspective is rooted in the ideas of Sigmund Freud.
a)
True
b)
False
5.
Sigmund Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for
a)
decreasing repression
b)
strengthening the superego
c)
displacing instinctual forces
d)
gaining insight into unconscious motives
6.
Which of the following responses was most likely acquired through classical conditioning?
a)
The startle response of a baby the first time the baby hears thunder
b)
A child's fear of dogs after the child has been bitten by a dog
c)
The uncontrollable blinking of a woman who has just gotten dust in her eye
d)
The salivation of a dog that is halfway through a bowl of its favorite food
7.
The terms "modeling" and "imitation" are most closely associated with which of the following?
a)
Classical conditioning
b)
Gestalt theory  
c)
Operant conditioning
d)
Social learning theory
8.
In which of the following types of research are the same children tested periodically at different points in their development?
a)
Clinical case study
b)
Between subjects
c)
Ethnographic
d)
Longitudinal
9.
In-Ivan Pavlov's experiments in classical conditioning, the dog's salivation was
a)
an unconditioned stimulus only
b)
both an unconditioned and a conditioned response
c)
both an unconditioned and a conditioned stimulus
d)
a conditioned response only
10.
Which of the following statements is true of behaviorism?
a)
It was formulated to account for cognitive development.
b)
It is rooted in Sigmund Freud's view of the importance of early experiences.
c)
It holds that development is largely a product of learning.
d)
It emphasizes the dominance of heredity over environment.
11.
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is represented by which of the following?
a)
the Gestalt psychologists.
b)
the behaviorists.
c)
the structuralists.
d)
the functionalists.
12.
The goals of psychology are to
a)
develop effective methods of psychotherapy.
b)
describe, predict, understand and change behavior.
c)
explain the functioning of the human mind.
d)
compare, analyze, and control human behavior.
13.
Of the following, who was a structuralist?
a)
B. F Skinner
b)
 John Watson
c)
Wilhelm Wundt
d)
William James
14.
Of the following, who was a functionalist?
a)
B. F Skinner
b)
 John Watson
c)
Wilhelm Wundt
d)
William James
15.
Of the following, who was a behaviorist?
a)
B. F Skinner
b)
 John Watson
c)
Wilhelm Wundt
d)
William James
16.
The kind of therapy developed by Freud is called
a)
Gestalt therapy.
b)
Psychoanalysis
c)
Behavior modification
d)
S-R therapy.
17.
You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. The psychologist talks to you about your past and attempts to link your present situation with patterns developed in your childhood during your relationship with your parents. The psychologist would probably belong to which school of psychology?
a)
humanistic psychology
b)
psychodynamic psychology
c)
Behaviorism
d)
Gestalt psychology
18.
You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. She talks to you about the goals you have for yourself, about your image of yourself, and about the choices you make in your life and that you could be making in your life. This psychologist would probably belong to the __________ school of psychology.
a)
Humanistic
b)
Psychodynamic
c)
Behavioristic
d)
Gestalt
19.
__________ psychology is concerned with thinking, language, and problem solving.
a)
Behavioristic
b)
Psychoanalytic
c)
Cognitive
d)
Humanistic
20.
What type of observation involves an individual writing their thoughts and feelings down (consciousness)?
a)
Peer Observations
b)
Introspection
c)
Observations
d)
Structuralism
21.
Johnny is part of a study designed to test the ability of a pill to cure the migraines of people who experience chronic migraines. After a few days, Johnny finds that the pill has alleviated his migraines and he experiences far fewer than usual. However, unbeknownst to Johnny, the pill he has been taking is nothing more than a sugar pill. What effect is Johnny most likely under the influence of?
a)
The Stratified Effect
b)
The Self-Bias Effect
c)
The Placebo Effect
d)
The Psychoanalytic Effect
22.
An experiment where neither the participants nor the experimenter know who has received the treatment, until the experiment has concluded, is known as what?
a)
Random Experiment
b)
Single-blind Experiment
c)
Stratified Experiment
d)
Double-blind Experiment
23.
Which of the following would not be a naturalistic observation?
a)
Observing a Grizzly Bear in the forest.
b)
Observing Michael Jordan on a basketball court.
c)
Observing a lion at the zoo.
d)
Observing Tom Hanks on the set of a movie.
24.
Asking individuals a fixed set of questions is called a what?
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observation
d)
Introspective Analysis
25.
What type of correlation is shown by the graph?
a)
Positive Correlation
b)
Negative Correlation
c)
Double Correlation
d)
No Correlation
26.

Identify letter B on the eye diagram.

a)

Cornea

b)

Iris

c)

Pupil

d)

Lens

27.

Which of the following is the correct order of the structures through which light passes after entering the eye?

a)

Lens, pupil, cornea, retina

b)

Pupil, cornea, lens, retina

c)

Cornea, retina, pupil, lens

d)

Cornea, pupil, lens, retina

28.

The four touch sensation are pressure, warmth, cold and ___________.

a)

Pain

b)

Kinesthesis

c)

Vestibular

d)

Balance

29.

According to the rules of grouping Proximity: we group ______________ figures together.

a)

Continuous

b)

Patterns

c)

Whole

d)

Nearby

30.

Figures tend to be perceived as whole, complete objects, even if spaces or gaps exist in the representation, thus demonstrating the principle of:

a)

Closure

b)

Proximity

c)

Continuity

d)

Similarity

31.

Depth cues that only require one eye:

a)

Binocular cue

b)

Trichronuocular cue

c)

Monocular cue

d)

Single vision transparency

32.

Retinal receptors that detect black, white and gray.

a)

Retina

b)

Rods

c)

Cones

d)

Cornea

33.

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye which light enters.

a)

Cornea

b)

Pupil

c)

Iris

d)

Lens

34.

What are the three aspects of sound waves?

a)

Frequency, amplitude, and waveform

b)

Frequency, amplitude and wavelength

c)

Frequency, waveform and impulse

d)

Frequency, depth, and saturation

35.

Seeing a candle flame 30 miles away on a clear night.

a)

Sensation

b)

Perception

c)

Absolute threshold

d)

Signal detection theory

36.

Esmeralda Jones sees blue when she listens to the note C sharp played on the piano. This is an example of:

a)

Ageusia

b)

Anosmia

c)

Synesthesia

d)

Anaphia

37.

Our sense of balance is primarily dependent on activity in _______________________ in the vestibular system.

a)

Cochlea

b)

Semicircular canals

c)

Tympanic membrane

d)

Vestibular nerve

38.

The process by which we select, organize, and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects and events is called

a)

parallel processing.

b)

perception.

c)

accommodation.

d)

sensation.

39.
Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds?
a)
signal detection theory
b)
frequency theory
c)
opponent-process theory
d)
place theory
40.
The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the
a)
iris
b)
optic nerve
c)
retina
d)
lens
41.
Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by
a)
the Young-Helmholtz theory.
b)
the opponent-process theory.
c)
frequency theory.
d)
the gate-control theory.
42.
Studying the road map before her trip, Colleen had no trouble following the route of the highway she planned to travel. Colleen’s ability illustrates the principle of:
a)
Closure
b)
Similarity
c)
Continuity
d)
Proximity
43.

The Central Nervous System contains

a)

all parts of the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord.

b)

sensory neurons and motor neurons.

c)

the brain, spinal cord and spine.

d)

the brain and spinal cord.

44.

The part of the neuron responsible receiving messages from adjacent neurons is the

a)

dendrite

b)

soma

c)

axon

d)

terminal branches

45.

The Sympathetic Nervous system is responsible for

a)

calming the mind and body after a stimulating event.

b)

exciting the brain and body as a result of a stimulating event.

c)

interpreting messages received from the peripheral nervous system.

d)

voluntary movements within the body.

46.

The Somatic System is responsible for

a)

calming the brain body after a stimulating event.

b)

exciting the brain and body in response to a stimulating event.

c)

involuntary movements within the body.

d)

voluntary movements within the body.

47.

The blue part of the brain pictured here is the

a)

occipital lobe

b)

parietal lobe

c)

frontal lobe

d)

temporal lobe

48.

The brain stem is composed of the:

a)

pons, medulla, spinal cord

b)

hypothalamus, thalamus and corpus callosum

c)

cerebellum

d)

the limbic system

49.

Which part of the brain connects the right and left hemispheres?

a)

medulla

b)

cerebellum

c)

corpus callosum

d)

limbic system

50.

Influences growth & sends messages to other glands to release their hormones.

a)

Adrenal Gland

b)

Pituitary Gland

c)

Thyroid Gland

d)

Parathyroids

51.
Where is the visual cortex located?
a)
occipital lobe
b)
frontal lobe
c)
temporal lobe
d)
parietal lobe
52.
Chemical messenger produced by endocrine glands are called what?
a)
agonists
b)
neurotransmitters
c)
hormones
d)
enzymes
53.

If you wanted to slow down neural response for motor control, vision, & regulate anxiety, what neuro transmitter would you need more of (meaning you done have enough that contribute to Huntingdon’s Disease)?

a)

a. Epinephrine

b)

a. GABA

c)

a. Glutamate

d)

a. None of the above

54.

1. What part of the peripheral nervous system controls glands of the endocrine system?

a)

a. Autonomic

b)

a. Sympathetic

c)

a. Parasympathetic

d)

a. Somatic

55.

1. What part of the body controls arousal & gets energy going in times of stress?

a)

a. Autonomic

b)

a. Sympathetic

c)

a. Parasympathetic

d)

a. Somatic

56.

1. What part of the body calms & conserve energy for future use?

a)

a. Autonomic

b)

a. Sympathetic

c)

a. Parasympathetic

d)

a. Somatic

57.

1. This is the “fight or flight” gland. It is located on the kidneys & secretes epinephrine & norepinephrine. I can provide instant energy in time of danger.

a)

a. Hypothalamus

b)

a. Thalamus

c)

a. Adrenal

d)

a. Pituitary

58.

1. Amanda went to the library. She sat on the floor between the book shelves. The librarian was on the other side re-shelving books when she pushed one too far, which pushed a book off the shelf on Amanda’s side. The book fell about 5 feet and hit Amanda in the head. Amanda forgot who she was, her name, where she lived and could not hear anything except for ringing. What part of her brain was damaged?

a)

a. Parietal lobe

b)

a. Occipital lobe

c)

a. Frontal lobe

d)

a. Temporal lobe

59.

1. Tommy got in a fight & was hit in the back of the head. He immediately went blind. Where did he have brain trauma?

a)

a. Parietal lobe

b)

a. Occipital lobe

c)

a. Frontal lobe

d)

a. Temporal lobe

60.

1. Ashley is desperate for a good grade in psychology. So she started drinking coffee so she can stay up all night studying. Coffee contains caffeine, which is a _____________________, and excites the body so it will continue to function past its normal circadian rhythm.

a)

a. Depressant

b)

a. Stimulant

c)

a. Hallucinogen

d)

a. All of the Above

61.

1. LSD was a drug widely used in the 1970s and 80s that caused ______________. Similar to “Angela’s roaches on her harm & hand).

a)

a. Anger

b)

a. Hallucinations

c)

a. Tolerance

d)

a. All of the above

62.

What research method winvolves an intensive invetigation of one or more participants?

a)

Naturalalistic Observation

b)

Case Study

c)

Experiment

d)

Cross-Sectional Study

63.

What research method involves data collection about a group over a number of years to assess change?

a)

Longitudinal Study

b)

Case Study

c)

Experiment

d)

Cross-Sectional Study

64.

Which type of variable is chosen/manipulated by the experimenter?

a)

Dependent Variable

b)

Independent Variable

c)

Extraneous Variables

d)

Correlation

65.

Which type of variable changes as a result of the experiment?

a)

Dependent Variable

b)

Independent Variable

c)

Extraneous Variables

d)

Correlation

66.

Which group is exposed to the independent variable?

a)

Control Group

b)

Experimental Group

c)

Representative Sample

d)

Cross-Sectional Group

67.

Which group is NOT exposed to the independent variable?

a)

Control Group

b)

Experimental Group

c)

Representative Sample

d)

Cross-Sectional Group

68.

Which of the following are APA ethical standards that must be followed in experimentation?

a)

Informed Consent

b)

Deception only when necessary

c)

Defrief

d)

All of the above

69.

What is the quickest way to conduct psychological rearch and gather a lot of data?

a)

Longitudinal Study

b)

Case Study

c)

Survey

d)

Interview

70.
The most potent hallucinogenic drug is
a)
marijuana.
b)
mescaline.
c)
LSD.
d)
peyote.
71.
Which of the following is true of hypnosis?
a)
It is similar to deep sleep.
b)
The subject may not violate their deepest values.
c)
The subject becomes less responsive to internal stress.
d)
It cannot be used to reduce pain.
72.
________________ sleep is the deepest sleep, from which it is difficult to wake up.
a)
stage four
b)
REM
c)
stage three
d)
sleepwalking
73.
“No air” is a good definition for this parasomnia:
a)
sleep apnea
b)
narcolepsy
c)
insomnia
d)
nightmares
74.
Waking up screaming, sleep-talking, and sleep-walking are best associated with:
a)
stage four
b)
night terrors
c)
nightmares
d)
stage three
75.
According to research, your body prioritizes _______________ sleep.
a)
stage four
b)
REM
c)
stage three
d)
non-REM
76.
‘Forbidden and unacceptable desires rise to the surface of consciousness’ is the idea expressed by which theorist:
a)
Randy Gardner
b)
Franz Anton Mesmer
c)
Skylar Wilson
d)
Sigmund Freud
77.
Using a phrase, sound, or word to help one focus the mind in concentration is called:
a)
hypnosis
b)
mantra
c)
magna
d)
psychedelic
78.
Which explains why you do not physically act out your dreams during sleep?
a)
During REM sleep your body is paralyzed
b)
During REM sleep you move, but unrelated to the dream
c)
During Stage 3 sleep your body is paralyzed
d)
During Stage 4 sleep you move, but unrelated to the dream
79.
 Hypnosis is best described as a state that
a)
Gives the hypnotist complete control over the thoughts and emotions of the hypnotized individual
b)
Induces heightened suggestibility in the hypnotized individual
c)
Is similar to an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
d)
Is similar to the condition produced by excessive alcohol consumption
80.
Which of the following is a circadian rhythm?
a)
The ebb and flow of an individual’s emotions during a 24-hour period
b)
Jet lag experienced after an airline flight from Los Angeles to Tokyo
c)
A cycle of biological functioning that lasts about 25 hours
d)
The series of five stages that people go through during a normal night’s sleep
81.
Which of the following will NOT increase behavioral and mental activity?
a)
Cocaine
b)
Caffeine
c)
Amphetamines
d)
Barbiturates
82.
In terms of the effect on the central nervous system, alcohol is most accurately classified as which of the following types of drugs?
a)
Depressant
b)
Narcotic
c)
Psychoactive
d)
Stimulant
83.
Hypnosis has been found useful in the treatment of
a)
Pain
b)
Autism
c)
Dementia
d)
Schizophrenia
84.
Nicotine is classified as a
a)
narcotic
b)
depressant
c)
relaxant
d)
stimulant
85.
The natural cycle from light to dark that living things pattern their behaviors after:
a)
cicadan rhythm  
b)
circamedian rhythm
c)
circadian rhythm
d)
circular rhythm
86.
Sensations or perceptions without any external cause are:
a)
illusions 
b)
hallucinations
c)
delusions
d)
daydreams
87.

Which of the following was central to the work of BF Skinner?

a)

insght

b)

intropection

c)

reinforcement

d)

stream of consciousness

88.
In Pavlov's experiment the meat was a(n)
a)
UCS
b)
UCR
c)
CS
d)
CR
89.
In Pavlov's experiment, the salivating to the sound of a bell is a(n)
a)
UCS
b)
UCR
c)
CS
d)
CR
90.
Who was the person who conditioned Baby Albert to be frightened of a white rat?
a)
Pavlov
b)
Watson
c)
Skinner
d)
Bandura
91.
The learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that does not signal a CR is called
a)
Classical Conditioning
b)
Discrimination
c)
Generalization
d)
Extinction 
92.
The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to elicit similar responses is called
a)
Generalization
b)
Discrimination
c)
Spontaneous Recovery
d)
Aquisition 
93.
The reappearance of a classically conditioned response after extinction has occurred.  
a)
Spontaneous Recovery
b)
Taste Aversion
c)
Acquisition
d)
Generalization 
94.
Learning that occurs due to reward and punishment
a)
Classical Conditioning
b)
Operant Conditioning
c)
Learning
d)
Taste Aversion
95.
Anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior will continue, by adding something the subject likes. 
a)
Continuous Reinforcement
b)
Operant Conditioning
c)
Positive Reinforcement
d)
Negative Reinforcement
96.
The reinforcer, such as food, that gets the organism to continue a behavior is called __.
a)
Positive Reinforcement
b)
Primary Reinforcer
c)
Secondary Reinforcer
d)
Classical Conditioning
97.
Anything that seeks to continue a desired behavior by the removal of something the organism doesn't like is called __.
a)
Negative Reinforcement
b)
Punishment
c)
Positive Reinforcement
d)
Partial Reinforcement
98.
Small successive step taken in which to get an organism to learn a behavior is called __.
a)
Shaping
b)
Continuous Reinforcement
c)
Positive Reinforcement
d)
Partial Reinforcement
99.
Decrease a behavior from happening again by following it with a negative consequence
a)
Negative Reinforcement
b)
Punishment
c)
Operant Conditioning
d)
Escape Learning
100.
Modeling behavior so other can mimic what you are doing is called __.
a)
Observational Learning
b)
Operant Conditioning
c)
Classical Conditioning
d)
Punishment

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