WorksheetsEarth Science Semester 1 Review
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 48mins
As a sound source moves toward you, its frequency will appear to ____.
Increase
Decrease
Stay the same
The Doppler Effect is one piece of evidence we use to claim that the universe is _____.
Static
Expanding
Contracting
If a star is moving rapidly away from Earth, the frequency of light that we observe will be _____ the frequency it gives off.
the same as
higher than
lower than
If a wave source is moving toward an observer, what type of shift will be observed?
Red shift
Blue shift
A star with a solar mass of 40 or greater will likely end in which stage?
Black hole
Protostar
White Dwarf
Neutron Star
A star that is fusing hydrogen into helium is in the longest phase of its life. We call this phase the _______.
Spuernova
White Dwarf
Red Giant
Main Sequence
On an H-R diagram, which variable is on the X axis?
Temperature
Size
Mass
Brightness
At which phase of its life is a white dwarf star?
Immediately after star formation
In the main sequence phase
The late phase of a small mass star
The remains of a large star's explosion
Which process in a star converts mass into energy?
Nuclear Fusion
Combustion
Nuclear Fission
Gravity
Main Sequence Stars maintain their size because. . .
The force of gravity is stronger than the force of fusion
The forces of gravity and fusion are balanced
The force of fusion is stronger than the force of gravity
There are no forces acting on the star
More massive stars live ______ lives
longer
shorter
Planets closer to the sun revolve around it __________ due to a ________ force of gravity.
faster; higher
faster; lower
slower; higher
slower; lower
A less eccentric orbit will look more like a ______.
Circle
Oval
Terrestrial planets are made of more dense materials like ________ whereas gas giants are made of less dense materials like _______.
rocks and metals; gasses and hydrogen compounds
rocks; metals
gasses and hydrogen compounds; rocks and metals
Which force is responsible for masses attracting each other and forming stars and planets?
Fusion
Friction
Gravity
Tension
Near the end of a large mass star's life, it will explode in an event called a. . .
Supernova
Black Hole
Neutron Star
Nebula
Wegener's theory that continents once formed a super-continent called Pangea is known as . . .
Continental Drift
Continent Collection
Plate Separation
Divergent Boundary
Over time, the continents have. . .
remained in the same place
moved toward each other
moved away from each other
sometimes moved away from each other, sometimes moved toward each other
Oceanic crust is usually _____ than continental crust
denser
less dense
Oceanic crust is usually _____ than continental crust
thinner
thicker
Continental crust is usually _____ than oceanic crust
thinner
thicker
Continental crust is usually _____ than oceanic crust
more dense
less dense
When an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the oceanic plate goes under the continental plate because . . .
they have the same density
the continental plate is less dense
the oceanic plate is less dense
the oceanic plate is younger
When two continental plates converge, mountains are formed because . . .
the plates have the same density
the continental plates have different densities
the plates are both moving very fast
the plates are the same age
Which of the following is created at every type of plate boundary?
earthquakes
mountains
volcanoes
rivers
Transform boundaries are where. . .
plates slide past each other
plates move toward each other
plates move away from each other
Convergent boundaries are where. . .
plates slide past each other
plates move toward each other
plates move away from each other
Divergent boundaries are where. . .
plates slide past each other
plates move toward each other
plates move away from each other
Earth's magnetic field has reversed itself several times. Scientists observe this best in. . .
Mountains
Abandoned Riverbeds
Volcanoes
Mid-Ocean Ridges
Based on the photo, how long does it take rock to move 80 km away from the ridge?
2 million years
1 million years
4 million years
3 million years
Rock closer to oceanic ridges is younger than rock farther from the ridges. This helps scientists claim that. . .
The ocean floor is spreading
The ocean floor does not change
Volcanoes often form at ridges
Mountains often form at ridge
An Oceanic ridge where the ocean floor is spreading is an example of a . . .
divergent boundary
convergent boundary
transform boundary
Which of the following is the correct order of Earth’s layers, starting from the surface?
Crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
Mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
Outer core, inner core, crust, mantle
Which part of the earth is made of liquid metal?
outer core
inner core
mantle
crust
The materials found in the crust have a ______ density than materials found in other inner parts of the Earth
lower
higher
Which material is most likely to be found in the Earth's crust based on the image?
silicic rocks, andesite, basalt
iron and nickel alloy
magnesium and silicon oxide
peridotite, olivine, garnet
The "P" in P-wave stands for. . .
Primary
Passing
Planetary
Purpose
The "S" in S-wave stands for. . .
Secondary
Stationary
Subduction
Standing
Why would P-waves be recorded at a seismic station while S-waves are not?
S-waves only travel through solids
S-waves only travel through liquids
S-waves travel through solids and liquids
What is the evidence scientists use to claim that the Earth's inner core is liquid?
P-waves arrive earlier than S-waves
P-waves and S-waves are recorded at all stations
Only S-waves are recorded at all stations
Only-P waves are recorded at all stations
Which letter on the seismogram shows where P-waves begin to be recorded?
A
B
C
D
Which letter on the seismogram shows where S-waves begin to be recorded?
A
B
C
D
What is the lag time between P- and S-waves on this seismogram?
28 seconds
33 seconds
5 seconds
13 seconds
The flow of hot and cool mantle material that drives plate motion is called. . .
radiation currents
conduction currents
convection currents
air currents
Which of the following best describes what the Earth's mantle is made of?
Hot liquid metal
Cool solid rock
Cool solid metal
Hot solid rock
Hotter material is _____ dense than colder material
less
more
A material with a lower density will _______ a material with higher density.
sink below
float above
Which type of rock is formed under the surface of the Earth due to changes made to other rocks?
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Which type of rock is formed from particles of sand, shells, or other pieces of material?
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Which type of rock is formed when magma or lava cools and hardens?
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
An igneous rock can be identified due to having. . . (select all that apply)
Gas bubbles
A glassy surface
Fossils
Ribbon-like layers
Sand and Pebbles
A sedimentary rock can be identified due to having. . . (select all that apply)
Gas bubbles
A glassy surface
Fossils
Ribbon-like layers
Sand and Pebbles
A metamorphic rock can be identified due to having. . . (select all that apply)
Gas bubbles
A glassy surface
Fossils
Ribbon-like layers
Sand and Pebbles
Which type of weathering below can be defined by the following: "mechanical weathering in which the surface of a rock is scratched and physically worn away"
Abrasion
Frost wedging
Dissolving
Heat Expansion
Which process will create an igneous rock?
Melting and Cooling
Heat and pressure
Weather and Erode, Compact and Cement
Which process will create a sedimentary rock?
Melting and Cooling
Heat and pressure
Weather and Erode, Compact and Cement
"Weathering" is best defined as. . .
a process where rocks at Earth's surface are gradually broken down.
a process where portions of Earth's surface are carried away and transported to another location.
a change where the physical appearance of a rock is changed, but its chemical composition remains the same.
a change where the chemical composition of a rock is altered.
In a curve in a river, the ____ of the curve has the highest velocity.
outside
inside
middle
In a curve in a river, the ____ of the curve has the most erosion.
outside
inside
middle
In a curve in a river, the ____ of the curve has the most deposition.
outside
inside
middle
The inside of a river curve is called a ___.
point bar
cutbank
meander
gradient
The outside of a river curve is called a ___.
point bar
cutbank
meander
gradient
On the outside of a river curve, the water will be ___ due to increased erosion.
shallower
deeper
