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AP Psychology- Unit 6: Development

Total questions: 41

Worksheet time: 10hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The tendency to exaggerate the impact of parents' child-rearing practices on children's personality development has been most characteristic of:

a)

behavior geneticists.

b)

Freudian psychologists.

c)

gender schema theorists.

d)

evolutionary psychologists.

2.

Cell differentiation begins when the prenatal organism is a(n):

a)

zygote.

b)

fetus.

c)

embryo.

d)

single cell.

3.

Infants' tendency to gaze longer at novel stimuli than at familiar ones provides compelling evidence regarding their:

a)

self-concepts.

b)

egocentrism.

c)

stranger anxiety.

d)

memory capacities.

4.

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are suddenly judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

a)

sense of object permanence.

b)

concept of conservation.

c)

capacity for habituation.

d)

secure attachment.

5.

Jack is learning to understand algebra. He loves to discuss philosophical issues with his friends, and is exploring various religious beliefs. Jack is in Jean Piaget’s __________ stage.

a)

preoperational

b)

sensorimotor

c)

formal operational

d)

concrete operational

6.

After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of:

a)

conservation.

b)

assimilation.

c)

habituation.

d)

accommodation.

7.

Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of:

a)

secure attachment.

b)

object permanence.

c)

egocentrism.

d)

stranger anxiety.

8.

"I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style.

a)

preconventional

b)

authoritative

c)

formal operational

d)

authoritarian

9.

According to Erik Erikson, the task of the adolescent is to:

a)

find intimacy.

b)

establish an identity.

c)

become autonomous.

d)

conquer their sense of inferiority.

10.

Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignores her cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of:

a)

egocentrism.

b)

accommodation.

c)

insecure attachment.

d)

habituation.

11.

Research on developmental stability and change indicates that:

a)

at the age of 1 or 2, adult personality traits are still largely unpredictable.

b)

development is almost completely dominated by discontinuity over time.

c)

temperament is a particularly unstable trait.

d)

none of the above are true.

12.

People differ the most in their learning and memory abilities during:

a)

late adolescence.

b)

early adulthood.

c)

middle adulthood.

d)

later adulthood.

13.

As Ellen ages, which of the following abilities will show improvement?

a)

recall of the states and their capitals

b)

mental rotation of a three-dimensional figure

c)

performance a crossword puzzle

d)

solving new logic problems

14.

John’s two-year-old twins are constantly fighting over toys. This behavior is driving John crazy because the twins are hitting each other and pulling toys from each other. He decides to have a talk with them to explain that their behavior has to change. He tells each of them that the other one feels bad when being hit and that they should learn to share. To his dismay, the behavior continued as if he hadn’t done anything. According to Jean Piaget, why might this be happening?

a)

Two-year-olds are egocentric and cannot understand things from another’s point of view.

b)

His children are simply misbehaving and stronger punishment is required.

c)

During this age children are learning conservation and they are trying to get all the toys for themselves.

15.

Three-year-old Jorge sees his sister Isabel put on their father’s big boots and walk around outside in the fresh snow. Isabel asks Jorge, “When mommy comes home and sees the footprints, who will she think was walking around in the snow outside?” Jorge will reply,

a)

“Daddy!”

b)

“Mommy!”

c)

“Me!”

d)

“You!”

16.

Your four-year-old child firmly believes in Santa and has no difficulty in accepting that he comes down the chimney with toys and goodies—despite the fact that your house has no fireplace or chimney. What would Jean Piaget say about this?

a)

Your child might need some extra help in distinguishing fantasy from reality.

b)

Your child is acting too young for her age.

c)

Your child is perfectly normal.

d)

Your child should be encouraged to reason things out.

17.

From ages 3 to 6, the brain's neural networks are sprouting most rapidly in the

a)

frontal lobes

b)

hypothalamus

c)

cerebellum

d)

limbic system

18.

The age at which people are expected to leave home, get a job, and marry has changed dramatically in Belgium over the past 50 years. Developmentalists would say that the country's ________ has been altered.

a)

Developmental Norm

b)

Social Identity

c)

Social Clock

d)

Maturation Cycle

19.

Recognizing whether someone's facial expression is conveying a happy smile or a self-satisfied smirk is especially difficult for those with

a)

autism.

b)

fluid intelligence.

c)

infantile amnesia.

d)

crystallized intelligence.

20.

Mr. and Mrs. Jones can't wait to begin toilet training their year-old daughter. The Jones family most clearly need to be informed about the importance of

a)

imprinting.

b)

habituation.

c)

fluid intelligence.

d)

maturation.

21.

A cross-sectional study is one in which

a)

the same people are retested over a period of years.

b)

different groups are tested at the same time.

c)

the behavior of a group is assessed by different researchers.

d)

variables are manipulated carefully between groups.

22.

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are suddenly judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

a)

sense of object permanence.

b)

concept of conservation.

c)

capacity for habituation.

d)

secure attachment.

23.

Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

a)

preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor

b)

sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational

c)

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

d)

preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational

24.

Which psychologist was most influential in shaping our understanding of cognitive development?

a)

BF Skinner

b)

Jean Piaget

c)

Sigmund Freud

d)

Erik Erikson

25.

Jack is learning to understand algebra. He loves to discuss philosophical issues with his friends, and is exploring various political beliefs. Jack is in Jean Piaget’s __________ stage.

a)

preoperational

b)

sensorimotor

c)

formal operational

d)

concrete operational

26.

Erik Erikson suggested that a sense of basic trust during infancy results from

a)

habituation.

b)

object permanence.

c)

responsive parenting.

d)

accommodation.

27.

Lacking any exposure to language before adolescence, a person will never master any language due to the ________ of unemployed neural connections.

a)

habituation

b)

maturation

c)

pruning

d)

imprinting

28.

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called a(n)

a)

assimilation

b)

attachment

c)

temperament

d)

schema

29.

Nageeb thought all nurses were young females until a middle-aged male nurse took care of him. Nageeb's altered conception of a “nurse” illustrates the process of

a)

habituation

b)

assimilation

c)

accommodation

d)

attachment

30.

Children, even more than teens and adults, are likely to assume that something will be clear to others if it is clear to them. This curse of knowledge illustrates

a)

assimilation.

b)

egocentrism.

c)

imprinting.

d)

habituation.

31.

The Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky suggested that children's ability to solve problems is enhanced by

a)

basic trust.

b)

egocentrism.

c)

inner speech.

d)

imprinting.

32.

Mr. Johnson spends time each day holding and rocking his infant daughter. This time together should serve most directly to promote

a)

habituation.

b)

secure attachment.

c)

stranger anxiety.

d)

egocentrism.

33.

In a pleasant but unfamiliar setting, infants with an insecure maternal attachment are most likely to

a)

demonstrate unusually low levels of stranger anxiety.

b)

happily leave their mother's side and explore their new surroundings.

c)

feel happy when their mothers leave them.

d)

show indifference to their mother's return after a brief absence.

34.

Two-year-old Anna perceives her parents as cold and rejecting. This is most indicative of

a)

habituation.

b)

egocentrism.

c)

accommodation.

d)

insecure attachment.

35.

Compared with children raised in Westernized cultures, children in many Asian cultures grow up with a strong sense of

a)

gender identity.

b)

self-consciousness.

c)

social connectedness.

d)

self-esteem.

36.

Parents who make few demands on their children and use little punishment are

a)

authoritarian.

b)

permissive.

c)

authoritative.

d)

conventional.

37.

Two characteristics of authoritarian parents are that they

a)

expect obedience but are responsive to their children's needs.

b)

submit to their children's desires but are unresponsive in times of need.

c)

impose rules and expect obedience.

d)

exert control by setting rules and explaining the reasons for those rules.

38.

In Erikson's theory, the sense of integrity achieved in late adulthood refers to the feeling that

a)

one's life has been meaningful.

b)

one is healthy and not dependent upon others.

c)

one is acting ethically.

d)

one's life is full of close friendships.

39.

Piaget is to cognitive development as Erikson is to ________ development.

a)

psychosocial

b)

physical

c)

emotional

d)

moral

40.

Haidt's social intuitionist account highlights the impact of automatic gut-level feelings on

a)

attachment.

b)

moral judgments.

c)

egocentrism.

d)

stranger anxiety.

41.

For Regis to think it's wrong to drive over the speed limit simply because he might get punished for doing so is demonstrating Kohlberg's ________ stage of morality.

a)

preconventional

b)

conventional

c)

formal operational

d)

preoperational