In a particular species of mice, a single gene (B or b) determines tail length. The short-tail allele is sex-linked and dominant. Shading in the pedigree below indicates that an individual has a short tail. The pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of the short-tail allele over three generations of mice.

Individual 6 is female. What is the genotype of individual 6?

Which statement describes crossing over as it occurs in meiosis?

Which method do scientists use to confirm that crossing over occurs?

A student is studying feather color inheritance in a certain species of chickens observes that the chickens that have black (homozygous), blue (heterozygous), or white (homozygous) feathers. The student hypothesizes that the feather color traits follows the incomplete dominance inheritance pattern.

Which data table would support the student's hypothesis?

In Labrador retriever dog, the black coat color allele (B) is dominant over the chocolate coat color allele (b). However, some litters produce dogs that have a yellow coat color. Scientists have determined this is because of a second gene that can influence coat color. If this eumelanin gene is recessive for both is recessive for both alleles (e), the dog's coat will be yellow regardless of the alleles for the other coat color gene.

A dog breeder sets up a cross between a dog that is homozygous dominant for color (BB) and heterozygous for eumelanin (Ee) with a dog that is homozygous recessive for coat color (bb) and heterozygous for eumalanin (Ee).

Place the dogs in the Punnett sqaure to show the color coat that would result from this cross.

1.) You may use each dog more than once

2.) You should fill all the blank boxes in the Punnett Square.

The diagram shows four different cells from the same animal.

Which statement about the cells is accurate?

From an evolutionary perspective, what is the significance of reproductive isolation developing between two populations within a species?

How does natural selection affect populations?

Scientists construct the cladogram shown, of plants in the genus Clusia, based on evidence collected from DNA analysis.

Which conclusion is supported by the cladogram?

How is chemosynthesis different from photosynthesis

A group of students studied four different cell specimens under a microscope and recorded information about each cell in this table.

Which cell is a prokaryote?

A bacterium was discovered in several hot springs. The temperature of the springs can range 50 to 80 degrees Celsius. Scientists investigate an enzyme from this bacterium. They set up the data table shown to record their results.

Which question could be answered using the data collected?

A bacterium was discovered in several hot springs. The temperature of the springs can range 50 to 80 degrees Celsius. Scientists investigate an enzyme from this bacterium. They set up the data table shown to record their results.

What is a reasonable hypothesis for this study?

Which molecule was coded for by the longest piece of DNA, assuming that no post-transcriptional RNA processing or slicing has occurred?

A mutation occurs in the DNA base sequence GGG GAG TTA, resulting in the base sequence GGA GAG TTA. Use the information in the table to determine the effect of this mutation on the amino acid chain produced.

What is the effect, if any, of this mutation on the amino acid chain produced?

Some bacteria have developed a resistance to antibiotics through random mutations. One such mutation allows bacteria to produce enzymes that inactivate the antibiotics when they enter the bacteria.

Which statement describes how this mutation occurs?

Some orders of land and marine mammals are closely related. Molecular data recently collected from dolphins, camels, deer, and hippopotamuses have shown that hippopotamuses are the closest living relatives of dolphins.

Which cladogram models this evolutionary relationship?

How could genetic engineering be used to produce a more successful crop in a hot, dry climate?

A biologist conducting a long-term field study noticed there were two types of mice in a valley. One type of mouse had webbed toes, and one type of mouse lacked webbed toes. A dam was built in the valley turning the land into a wetland. As the years passed, all mice living in the valley were found to have webbed toes. No mice were found with non-webbed toes.

Which statement best explains the observed change in the mouse population?

In most species, scientists have observed that related individuals share about 80% of the same genes. Cheetahs today, however, are known to share 99% of the same genes.

What does this lack of genetic diversity imply about the history of the cheetah population?

Rabbits were introduced to Australia in the 1800s. They rapidly overpopulated because they had few natural predators in the area. To control their population, scientists introduced a rabbit-specific virus into the population and their numbers greatly decreased. However, after several generations, the rabbit population began to increase again.

Which statement explains the new increase in the number of rabbits?

Which species in the food web would be subject to the greatest biomagnification of pesticides applied to the grasses?

Which type of macromolecule stores energy and provides thermal insulation for the body?

Which structural feature of the cell membrane allows molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse into and out of the cell?

The presence of which structure helps classify an organism as eukaryotic?

Which pair of organelles works together to give structure and support in animal cells?

Chief cells are found in the glands that line the inside of the stomach. These cells secrete large amounts of enzymes to aid in food digestion.

Which cellular structure will be more abundant in chief cells because of their high rate of enzyme reaction?

A student is asked to draw four cells.

Which drawing is a representation of a prokaryotic cell?

A scientist examines a fruit fly gene involved in the regulation of body development. A section of the DNA sequenced for the gene is is shown.

Which amino acid sequence be produced from the DNA?

A scientist examines a fruit fly gene involved in the regulation of body development. A section of the DNA sequenced for the gene is is shown.

Which mRNA sequence was used to create the amino acid sequence? (Thr-Leu-Val)

Complete the blank cladogram using the information in the salamander distribution map and accompanying explanatory text.

Select the correct sequence from left to right.

Based on the salamander distribution data shown on the map, choose two salamander subpopulations which gene flow can occur.

Which two salamander subpopulations would be least likely to reproduce successfully if brought together?

The diagram shows the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell.

Identify the nucleic acid most commonly found in the nucleus, the nucleic acid that carries information from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, and the nucleic acid that carries amino acids in the cytoplasm.

What is the correct order

Scientists have found an allele of a plant gene that may protect plants from some types of insects. To determine whether this allele is present in other plants of the species or is a recent mutation, they conducted the following experiment.

Isolate a sample of dexyribonucleic acid (DNA) know to contain the allele from one plant that is unaffected by insects. Isolate a sample of DNA that may contain the allele from three plants of the same species growing in the same location. Treat the resistant DNA sample and the three DNA samples from the other plants with the same restriction enzymes to generate smaller segments of DNA. Load and run a gel electrophoresis to separate the DNA segments. Analyze the results of the gel electrophoresis.

Select the DNA sample(s) that has the same allele as the resistant plant.

The table shows the number of amino acid differences among organisms A through E for a common protein with 113 amino acids. Use the data in the table to complete the cladogram by placing an organism label in each blank box. Select the proper order from the choices

DNA sequences for a number of bird families in the order Passeriformes are shown. Differences in the DNA sequences between the Ptiloris family and other in this order are highlighted in red. An incomplete phylogenetic tree that notes important differences in the DNA among these bird families is also shown. Us the DNA sequence to complete the phylogenetic tree.

Use the families listed to complete the phylogenetic tree.

A scientist studies a population of lizards to determine whether or not the population is evolving.

Select the condition that would cause the population to be in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

A scientist studies a population of lizards to determine whether or not the population is evolving.

Select the correct word or phrase to place into the blank boxes to describe what occurs in when Hardy-Weinberg condition are met.

A population of stone crabs is composed equally three phenotypes:

dark brown (BB)

medium brown (Bb)

light brown (bb)

The crabs' color is controlled by incomplete dominance. An introduced crab predators favors medium brown crabs, while avoiding the dark crabs and light brown crabs. Predict how this selection pressure will affect the relative frequencies of B and b alleles in future generations of crabs. Assume all other selection pressure remain the same, and that there is no migration of crabs into or out of the population.

Predict the proper labels that match up with the picture

Three identical red blood cells, in side view, are placed in three different salt water solutions, as shown in the diagram. Predict the net flow of the water (H₂O) into or out of each cell. Assume the volume pictured inside the red blood cell is the same as the volume outside the cell.

Place the correct picture in each blank box to show the next flow of water into or out of each cell

Three identical red blood cells, in side view, are placed in three different salt water solutions, as shown in the diagram. Predict the net flow of the water (H₂O) into or out of each cell. Assume the volume pictured inside the red blood cell is the same as the volume outside the cell.

Place the correct picture in each blank box to show what will happen yo the structure of each cell after water movement occurs.

Identify the proper labels for the boxes in A and the box in B?

Which two species of the smallest clade would include Species X?

Where on the picture do "Species X" and "Species Y" go?

Using the information in the table place the list the species numbers in order from left to right of how they would so up on the cladogram to show relationships among species.

Which statement is supported by the data?

In reality, natural environments will always have resource limitations. Which graph realistically predicts growth for a natural squirrel population with no predators?