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WorksheetsBio Unit 4 Monday Quiz 3 (3.18.2019)
Total questions: 37
Worksheet time: 3hrs 5mins
What is variation?
The diversity of phenotypes in a population.
An individual's genetic makeup
Changes to the DNA modifies existing genes.
The rearrangement and reshuffling of the genetic material into new combinations.
What is sexual reproduction?
The diversity of phenotypes in a population.
An individual's genetic makeup
Changes to the DNA modifies existing genes.
The rearrangement and reshuffling of the genetic material into new combinations.
How is it possible for individuals with the same genotype to have different phenotypes?
It's not. Phenotype and genotype are always the same.
Phenotype is the actual genetics of an individual whereas genotype is the expression of those traits or behaviors from our genes.
Environmental factors can influence phenotype to differ from genotype
Sexual reproduction can change a person's genotype to alter phenotype.
Some environmental changes can be very slow. Under these conditions a population has a very long time to acquire the variability needed to adapt to the changing environment and therefore the selection pressures acting on a population. Predict what effect the rapid appearance of a new disease would have on a population's ability to survive.
Populations with a higher number of susceptible individuals would have high losses.
Populations with a higher number of resistant individuals would have high losses.
Populations with a higher number of resistant individuals would have low losses.
Populations with a lower number of resistant individuals would have high losses.
Why does the aphid population (left) look the way it does?
The aphids reproduce asexually.
The aphids are products of sexual reproduction.
The aphids' phenotype is different from its genotype.
The aphids do not have sex cells.
Why does the snail population (right) look the way it does?
The snails reproduce asexually.
The snails are products of sexual reproduction.
The snails' phenotype is different from its genotype.
The aphids do not have sex cells.
What does diploid mean?
2N
Two full sets of chromosomes
One set of chromosomes
Two chromosomes
What does haploid mean?
N
One set of chromosomes
Two sets of chromosomes
One chromosome
What is a zygote?
A fertilized egg
One set of chromosomes
Two sets of chromsomes
A sex cell
What factors could contribute to the natural variation observed in populations?
Nutrition
Location
Chemicals
Genetics
When writing a CER, what is the claim?
A conclusion you can come to as a result of your data.
The results from the lab that supports the claim
The scientific theory that connects the evidence to the claim
When writing a CER, what is the evidence?
A conclusion you can come to as a result of your data.
The results from the lab that supports the claim
The scientific theory that connects the evidence to the claim
When writing a CER, what is the reasoning?
A conclusion you can come to as a result of your data.
The results from the lab that supports the claim
The scientific theory that connects the evidence to the claim
What is the law of Independent Assortment?
The alleles for separate traits are passed independently of one another from parents to offspring
Sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis to result in daughter cells.
The conditions necessary for low or high chromosomes in daughter cells
When an X chromosome will be missing or is structurally altered, it will affect bone development of arms and legs.
How is mitosis similar to meiosis?
Both involve the creation of daughter cells from a parent cell
Both involve the splitting of sister chromosomes
Both have 4 cells produced
All cells are identical after mitosis and meiosis
How is mitosis different from meiosis?
Only one involves the creation of daughter cells from a parent cell
The daughter cells are identical in mitosis but different in meiosis
Mitosis produces 4 cells and meiosis produces 2
Meiosis reshuffles chromosomes
What is a monohybrid cross?
A punnett square used to show single gene inheritance
A special type of back cross used to determine the genotype of an organism with the dominant phenotype for a particular trait
Tracks the inheritance of autosomal dominant patterns only
A punnett square used to study the inheritance pattern of two genes
What is a dihybrid cross?
A punnett square used to show single gene inheritance
A special type of back cross used to determine the genotype of an organism with the dominant phenotype for a particular trait
Tracks the inheritance of autosomal dominant patterns only
A punnett square used to study the inheritance pattern of two genes
What is a test cross?
A punnett square used to show single gene inheritance
A special type of back cross used to determine the genotype of an organism with the dominant phenotype for a particular trait
Tracks the inheritance of autosomal dominant patterns only
A punnett square used to study the inheritance pattern of two genes
In Drosophila, the allele for brown eyes (b) is recessive, while the allele for red eyes is dominant (B). Describe how you would carry out a test cross to determine the genotype of a male with red eyes.
Interpret the genotype of the offspring
Breed the red eyed male with a homozygous female
Complete a Monohybrid Cross
Complete a Dihybrid Cross
In the 1940s, geneticist Alfred Sturtevant proposed that tongue rolling was inherited according to simple Mendelian rules. Under this scenario, the allele for tongue rolling is dominant, so if you have at least 1 dominant allele (T), you will be a tongue roller. Non-rollers have 2 copies of the recessive allele (tt). When two non-rollers are crossed (NR X NR), the percentage that their children will be rollers is 34%. Does this result suggest tongue rolling is inherited in a classic Mendelian inheritance pattern?
Yes, as the children inherited the trait from their parents.
Yes, the children have 34% chance of inheriting the recessive trait (t) from their non-roller parents.
No, the children inherited the dominant trait from their parents.
No, the parents are non-rollers so there should be a 0% chance that the children are rollers.
How can we interpret Mendel's experiment?
Traits are determined by a gene, which passes unchanged from parent to offspring.
Each individual inherits one gene for each trait from each parent, and each individual has two units.
Traits may not physically appear in an individual, but the genes for them can still be passed on to its offspring.
Environmental factors can influence phenotype.
In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents, what is the probability that the children will express the dominant trait?
100%
At most 75%
At most 50%
At most 25%
What is the probability of rolling two die and getting two fives?
1/6
1/36
1/3
1/2
For the following dihybrid cross, F1 = Heterozygous light hair (d) and blue eyes (b) with heterozygous dark hair (D) and brown eyes (B). What is the probability of F2 having light hair?
3/16
4/16 or 1/4
1/2
9/16
For the following dihybrid cross, F1 = Heterozygous light hair (d) and blue eyes (b) with heterozygous dark hair (D) and brown eyes (B). What is the probability of F2 having light hair and brown eyes?
3/16
4/16 or 1/4
1/2
9/16
This pedigree chart shows the inheritance of allele A in a flower that can be red or white. Red flower = affected.
Which color is produced by the dominant allele?
White
Red
Black
Recessive
This pedigree chart shows the inheritance of allele A in a flower that can be red or white. Red flower = affected.
What the genotypes of the generation I individuals?
Aa
AA
aa
A
This pedigree chart shows the inheritance of allele A in a flower that can be red or white. Red flower = affected.
III4 is crossed with a white flower. What is the probability that any one offspring also has a white flower?
100%
75%
50%
25%
The pedigree chart right shows the inheritance of allele B in a mammal that can have a coat color of black or white. Black = affected. Which color is produced by the dominant allele?
White
Black
Red
Recessive
The sickle cell trait is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern (although the alleles are co-dominant). Why must the parents II-5 and II-6 be carriers?
The individual has an affected parent
The offspring is affected
The offspring is a carrier
The individuals has parents who are both unaffected
Using the Lactose Intolerant Pedigree Chart, which inheritance pattern is lactose intolerance?
Dominant
Recessive
Autosomal
Sex-linked
Using the Lactose Intolerance Pedigree chart, what is the inheritance pattern of lactose intolerance?
Dominant
Recessive
Autosomal
Sex-linked
What evidence supports the inheritance pattern of lactose intolerance from the Pedigree Chart?
Two lactose intolerant parents can produce a lactose intolerant child as seen in III 3 & 4 and III 5 & 6.
Two lactose tolerant parents can produce a lactose tolerant child as seen in II 1 and 2.
A lactose intolerant child can come from two lactose tolerant parents as seen in III 5 & 6 and their child IV 6.
Both children IV5 and IV6 are lactose tolerant.
What are some general guidelines for interpreting pedigree charts?
Appears in both sexes with equal frequency = autosomal recessive
Trait tends to skip generations = autosomal recessive
Affected offspring are usually born to unaffected parents = autosomal recessive
Affected offspring must have an affected parent unless they posses a new mutation = autosomal recessive
On the pedigree chart of lactose intolerance, the individual 7 of generation IV has an arrow. This individual's parents are both lactose tolerant but he is lactose intolerant. Explain how this could have occurred?
III 5 & 6 must be heterozygous for lactose tolerance. Their child inherited one recessive allele from each parent making them lactose intolerant.
III 3 & 4 are both lactose tolerant and produce children who are lactose intolerant IV5.
III 5 & 6 are both lactose intolerant, and produce children who are lactose intolerant IV 6.
III 3 & 4 must be homozygous for lactose intolerance. Their child inherited one dominant allele from each parent making them lactose intolerant.
On the Lactose Intolerance Pedigree chart, two offspring were both lactose tolerant. One of their parents was lactose intolerant. What are the possible genotype(s) of the other parent?
With L = lactose tolerant, l = lactose intolerant, the parent is either LL or Ll.
With L = lactose intolerant, l = lactose tolerant, the parent is either LL or Ll.
With L = lactose tolerant, l = lactose intolerant, the parent is ll.
With L = lactose tolerant, l = lactose intolerant, the parent is LL.
