WorksheetsUnit 5 Molecular Biology Review
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 20mins
What is the name of the enzyme that attaches new nucleotides to the parent template strand during DNA replication?
DNA Polymerase
DNA Monomerase
Nucleotidease
Helicase
How do the nucleotides connect to the other monomers to create the SIDES of the "ladder" that make up DNA?
the phosphate groups connect to the next deoxyribose sugar
the deoxyribose sugars connect to each other directly to make the sides of the ladder
the nitrogen base pairs connect in a line to create the sides of the ladder
the phosphate groups directly connect to each other to create the side of the ladder
True or False?
DNA codes/ gives the instructions for the cell to build proteins. These proteins assemble to produce our characteristics and traits.
True
False
What would be the complementary DNA strand to the below template strand of DNA:
TCGACCGT
TCGACCGT
AGCTGGCA
AGCUGGCA
ACGGTCGA
What is the correct base pairing rules for DNA nucleotides to other DNA nucleotides?
A-T , G-C
A-U , G-C
A-C , G-T
T-U , G-C
What specific shape is DNA naturally in the cell?
double helix
dodecahedron
single stranded spiral
one long twisted monomer
What are the monomers of DNA?
nitrogen bases
nucleotides
phosphate groups
nucleic acid
What is the main purpose of DNA in your cells?
stores genetic information in the form of DNA
stores all the proteins that your cells will need to replicate
stores genetic information in the form of replicated chains of RNA molecules
stores the fatty acid chains that will help to replicate cells
What type of sugar makes up part of the monomers of DNA?
deoxyribose
ribose
glucose
dalactose
What part of the nucleotide is the exact same for DNA and RNA?
the sugar group
the nitrogen bases
the thymine group
the phosphate group
What is the structure that connects the two separate sides of the "ladder" of DNA together in the middle "rungs"?
the nitrogen base pairs
the sugar groups
the phosphate groups
the ribosome molecules
During DNA replication, two identical DNA strands of DNA are created. What statement is true about both copies of DNA?
Half of the new DNA strands are template strands of the "parent" DNA and half are newly formed and connected
All of new DNA strands are inherited from the parent DNA.
Half of the new DNA strands are the exact same as the parent strand while half are completely different and assembled randomly.
What is the name of this molecule and what is the "B" structure called if found in DNA?
nucleotide , deoxyribose sugar
DNA , deoxyribose sugar
nitrogen base , deoxyribose sguar
RNA , ribose sugar
Select the TWO polymers that are made up of nucleotides:
RNA
DNA
polypeptides
carbohydrates
What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
nucleotides
nitrogen bases
tRNA
What polymer does this monomer belong to?
RNA
DNA
Protein
Polypeptide
What is the final polymer product that is "read" during Translation and what is created at the end of the process?
mRNA > a protein
anticodons > a replicated identical DNA strand
tRNA > a mRNA strand
DNA > many tRNAs and their codons
What is the polymer product that starts the Transcription process and what is the product of this process?
DNA > a mRNA strand
DNA > a replicated identical DNA strand
mRNA > a protein
DNA > a polypeptide
What is the Central Dogma of genetics?
DNA is able to assemble proteins on its own in the nucleus
RNA is the basis for all genetic information in all organisms
genetic information is stored only in proteins
information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins
What is the name of the process happening in the above image?
(Hint- look at the structure it starts with and look at the structure it ends with)
Transcription
Translation
DNA Replication
all three steps of the Central Dogma
What is the name of the process happening in this picture?
DNA Replication
Translation
Transcription
all three steps of the Central Dogma
Why does there need to be a conversion process in the Central Dogma?
The code in the DNA can not leave the nucleus, so mRNA carries the message to the cytoplasm where the protein can be assembled.
The protein can self replicate, but it needs other RNAs to help it create copies of itself.
mRNA travels back and forth from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, carrying information both ways so all necessary structures can be made.
The cell converts protein to DNA so it can enter the nucleus and complete the process of translation.
Select the TWO main jobs of the ribosome (rRNA) during Translation:
matches the tRNA's anticodons with complementary base pairs of the mRNA's codons
connects the amino acids carried by the tRNA into a chain creating a protein
matches the nitrogen bases of nucleotides like A, T, G, and C to make a duplicated DNA strand
breaks down the protein so that the individual amino acids can be used in the Central Dogma process
What is the name of the final chain of connected monomers that is made at the end of Translation?
protein
nucleic acids
amino acid
ribosomal RNA
What is the mRNA strand that is created in based of the following DNA template?
TAGCGTA
AUCGCAU
AUGCCAU
ATCGCAT
ATGCGAT
What is the amino acid sequence based off the following mRNA strand?
mRNA: AAU CUC CGG
Asn - Leu - Arg
Phe - Gly - Leu
Asn - Arg - Leu
Val - Gly - Tyr
What is the original DNA sequence based off its transcribed mRNA sequence below?
mRNA: UUAGCGAUGC
AATCGCTACG
AAUCGCAUCG
TTACCCTACC
What is the amino acid sequence based off the following mRNA strand?
mRNA: CAA CAU AAA UGU
Gln - His - Lys - Cys
Gln - His - Cys - Gln
Asn - Lys - Ser - Gly
Arg - Phe - Tyr - Leu
What are the TWO types of gene mutations?
point mutation
frameshift mutation
gene duplication
gene translocation
What are the TWO types of chromosomal mutation?
gene duplication
gene translocation
point mutation
frameshift mutation
What type of mutation describes the scenario below?
original DNA sequence: ...GTCGAAGTC...
mutated DNA sequence: ...GTCTAAGTC...
point mutation
frame shift mutation
gene duplication
silent mutation
What type of mutation describes the scenario below?
original DNA sequence: ...AGCGCCGTC...
mutated DNA sequence: ...ACGCCGTC...
point mutation
frameshift mutation deletion
gene duplication
frameshift mutation insertion
What type of mutation describes the scenario below?
original DNA sequence: ...AGCGCCGTC...
mutated DNA sequence: ...AGCGCCAGTC...
deletion frameshift mutation
insertion frameshift mutation
silent mutation
point mutation
What type of mutation has chromosomes exchange large sections of genes to other non-homologous chromosomes.
gene translocation
gene duplication
point mutation
deletion frameshift mutation
Mutations can only be passed on to offspring if the mutation occurred in what TWO types of cells?
germ cells
gametes
organs like the spleen or the skin
somatic cells
If there is a mutation in the DNA but the protein is still able to be perfectly formed, what is the name for that mutation?
silent mutation
nonsense mutation
insertion frameshift mutation
a somatic mutation
What type of mutation causes a change in how the codons on the mRNA are supposed to be read by the ribosome, resulting in a drastically different sequence of amino acids in the final protein?
frameshift mutation
point mutation
silent mutation
What is the name of agents in the environment that can cause changes to occur in the DNA?
mutagens
chemicals
enzymes
antioxidants
Mutations will ______________ be bad because they will _________ cause the final protein to be different than the original.
always
never
some of the time
Based on the "Codon to Amino Acid Chart", what are the possible codons on mRNA that will code for the amino acid Valine (Val)?
GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG
UUU, UUC, UUA, UUG
GUU, GAU, GGU, GCU
CGA, UAG, AUC, GAU
