Form of conditioning that uses the consequences (reinforcement or punishment) of a voluntary behavior to influence the probability that the behavior will occur again

The factor that is manipulated in a controlled experiment

This shows the effect of the manipulation (measurable)

This is the group that receives the manipulation of the independent variable

This group does not undergo any change in order to act as a comparison

This side of the brain controls the ability to speak and understand language

This side of the brain controls the ability to recognize things you see, hear, or touch

This controls the brain and spinal cord

This includes nerves that connect with sensory receptors, muscles and glands

This controls voluntary movements

This controls involuntary movements

This controls responses to perceived threats-"flight or flight"

This controls the return to rest and digestion

This joins the two hemispheres of the brain

This covers the brain

These are chemicals that transmit signals across a synaptic cleft between neurons

These are chemicals that transmit signals through the bloodstream (slower but longer lasting)

This part of the hypothalamus makes you hungry

This part of the hypothalamus tells you to stop eating

This is the area of the brain related to speech production

This area of the brain is related to speech comprehension

These are neural signals that arrive at the brain from the periphery

These are neural signals that exit the brain to the periphery

This refers to fitting new experiences into old schemas (if you know only cats, you may call a cow a "cat")

This refers to learning new schemas or updating old to adjust to new information (ex: learn to call a cow "cow")

Piaget's stage where one has the ability to classify objects and reason inductively (ages 7-12)

Piaget's stage where one has the ability to think abstractly and form hypotheses (ages 12+)

Processing components of a sensory stimulus to make inferences about patterns (parts first, then draw a conclusion)

Processing previous experience and conceptual knowledge to recognize the nature of a whole and deduce the components of that whole (pattern first, then analyze parts)

This is a rod shaped receptors located int he periphery that enable vision in low light

These are receptors that enable color vision and acuity

This is when its easy to remember the first items in a series

This is when its easier to remember the most recent items

This interference occurs when information already stored in long term memory (old) hinders the ability to remember new information

This interference occurs when new learning interferes with the ability to remember previously learned information

This is the ability to retrieve and reproduce information encountered earlier (fill in the blank or essay)

Some hints such as multiple choice questions

Non declarative memory; such as riding a bike or writing

Declarative memory; facts or memory of meaning

Step by step and getting the answer

Rule of thumb or shortcut to an answer

Stereotypes

Based on available information

Basic sound units

Basic units of meaning

Ability to solve problems without prior knowledge; starts to decrease in late 20s

Ability to apply prior knowledge to solve problems; continues to increase until mid 70s

Test measures what it shoudl

Same score on a retest

Tests what you learned

Tests what you can do

Doing things for reward or to avoid punishment

Doing things for personal satisfaction

Controlling the environmnet

The environment controls you

High Stress

Low Stress

Trained

Untrained

Same direction

Opposite direction

Take away something negative to continue behavior (seat belt warning until you fasten)

Give something to continue behavior (treat)

Take away something positive to stop behavior (take keys away from driver)

Add something negative to stop behavior (ticket for speeding)

Believing someone else has the emotions you have, when in fact it's you

Taking out your emotions on someone who was not the cause

Brain knowing where limbs are located

Balance

My way or the highway

Flexible

Unable to remember old memories

Unable to make new memories

Seeing an object only for its typical use

Using a strategy that previously worked

A chemical that assists or mimics a neurotransmitter

Chemical that opposes or blocks a neurotransmitter

Start small and go bigger

Start big but go smaller

Random selection from the population (computer generated, pulled from hat)

Participants are placed into different groups randomly (computer generator, pick from hat)

Tendency for people to take credit for success, but avoid responsibility for failure

Prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true

Wanted to understand the components of the mind based on introspection

Focuses on the purpose of the mind and its behaviors

Set of rules that govern the formation of sentences

the conditions that govern the meaning of words

associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-arousing stimuli

a type of counter-conditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted condition

what happened in a dream

what the dream symbolically represents (Freud)

consists of evidence, facts, figures, rationality, and logic

consists of emotional appeals, appearance and likability

conformity to a group based on the desire to be accepted

conformity evidence based on reality from others based on the desire to be correct

an explanation of how individuals act in a reciprocal relationship where the behavior is the result of the reward of the interaction minus the cost

the strong urge people feel to return favors

false ideas without foundation

sensation of objects or events that are not actually present

involve behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotion social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention

behavioral excesses or peculiarities, hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior and wild flight of ideas.

event causes physiological arousal first, then interpret arousal, then experience the emotion

experience both physiological arousal and emotional at the same time (gives no attention to the role of thoughts or outward behavior)

event causes physiological arousal that cognition then process as one emotion or another based on cognitive processes and the situation

brain waves associated with a normal awake, healthy adult, marked by relaxation and calmness

brain waves associated with during deepest most relaxed state: generally 1 or 2 hours after sleep (slower and more irregular)