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WorksheetsInfectious Diseases Review PAP BIO
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 28mins
Which of these can be a pathogen?
yeast
virus
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
poison
proteins
How do bacteria cause disease?
directly damaging cells
releasing toxins
performing lytic cycle
performing lysogenic cycle
If certain types of bacteria find themselves in harsh environmental conditions, what may they do?
form endospores
release toxins
frequent binary fission
transform into a superbug
If one bacterium transfers DNA to another bacterium, what type of DNA is it?
a plasmid
viral DNA
bacterial chromosome
transduction
The ability of bacteria to exchange genes contributes to the spread of...
antibiotic resistance
viruses
endospores
active immunity
Which of these are caused by bacteria?
measles
strep throat
tetanus
tuberculosis
common cold
Which of these may spread through droplet inhalation?
ebola
common cold
influenza
measles
HIV
Do vaccines cause autism?
yes
no
What is an example of a vector and the disease it is associated with?
ticks + Lyme disease
adenovirus + common cold
droplet inhalation + the flu
cold, wet weather + the common cold
How do you build active immunity?
getting sick
getting a vaccine
injection of antibodies
passing antibodies through breast milk
Which is long-lasting?
passive immunity
active immunity
neither passive nor active immunity
both passive and active immunity
If you have passive immunity to a pathogen, can your immune system produce antibodies to that pathogen?
yes
no
not enough information to tell
Which of these are caused by a virus?
polio
chickenpox
diphtheria
whooping cough
Which type of vaccine would be least risky to a person with a lowered immune system?
weakened/attenuated
killed/inactive
subunit
toxoid
DNA
What are antibiotics used for?
bacterial infections only
viral infections only
both bacterial and viral infections
any and all types of infections
Which of the following are factors that contribute to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance?
antibiotics used in agriculture
taking antibiotics that are not prescribed to you
natural selection
gene transfer in bacteria
taking your entire prescribed course of antibiotics
What is the term for bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics?
superbug
endospore
superbacteria
microbiome
If you are sick with a cold, what should you do?
take antibiotics
take cold medicine to treat the symptoms
take cold medicine to kill the cold virus
take antibiotics and cold medicine
What is the food processing method that uses high heat for a short time to kill most microbes?
sterilization
pasteurization
boiling
disinfectants
Which of the following are true about viruses?
viruses are the smallest cells
viruses can infect bacteria
viruses are non-living
viruses have genetic material
viruses have ribosomes
What is the core of a virus made of?
DNA or RNA
only DNA
proteins
lipids
What is the protective protein coating that every virus has protecting its core?
genetic material
capsid
lipid envelope
ligand
If a virus has a lipid envelope, what is its purpose?
help virus get into host cell
makes virus harmless
protects virus
inject DNA into host cell
Why is viral shape important?
virus of right shape can infect any type of cell in the body
virus shape is important for attachment to host cell
if virus is wrong shape, it will undergo rapid mutations
if virus folds incorrectly, it will cause ebola-like symptoms in the host
What are the knob-like structures on the outside of this virus called?
ligands
surface proteins
antigens
capsids
If a viral ligand is complementary to a host cell receptor, what happens?
the cell lets the virus in
the virus may not enter the cell
the virus injects DNA
the virus is activated
Viruses that infect bacteria are called:
bacteriophages
prophages
viruses do not infect bacteria
adenoviruses
How do bacteriophages infect host cells?
they inject their genetic material
their lipid envelope fuses with the host cell's membrane
the virus enters the host cell in a vesicle
pinocytosis
If a viral infection has rapid onset of symptoms, what cycle of infection is it following?
lytic cycle
lysogenic cycle
If viral infection is followed by a long period of time with no noticeable symptoms, which cycle of infection is it following?
lytic cycle
lysogenic cycle
If a virus enters a host cell and immediately begins making more viruses and quickly lyses the host cell it is the...
lytic cycle
lysogenic cycle
Type of viral infection where virus DNA is incorporated into host cell's genome.
lytic cycle
lysogenic cycle
Viral DNA that is incorporated into host cell DNA.
provirus
prophage
lytic DNA
bacterial DNA
previrus
How are the lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle connected?
all lytic viruses are also lysogenic
all lysogenic viruses have the ability to enter lytic cycle
every virus can switch back and forth between cycles anytime
lytic viruses infect some types of your cells while lysogenic viruses only infect other types
What happens if a cell with a provirus goes through mitosis or binary fission?
the virus is killed
the daughter cells contain the same provirus
the virus enters lytic cycle
the daughter cells go back to normal
Which are examples of lysogenic viruses?
HIV
herpes/cold sores
chickenpox
influenza
common cold
Which are true of retroviruses?
contain RNA
contain DNA
have lipid envelope
inject their DNA
Which enzyme is associated with a retrovirus?
reverse transcriptase
lysozyme
viral transcriptase
retroviral DNAse
Which are true of viroids?
only affect plants
only affect animals
made of single-stranded RNA
made only of proteins
cause brain/nerve damage and death
Which are true of prions?
only affect plants
only affect animals
made of single-stranded RNA
made only of proteins
cause brain/nerve damage and death
Which are true of your nonspecific defenses?
can not recognize specific pathogens
job is to keep pathogens out
includes inflammatory response
involves B and T lymphocytes
Which is/are characteristic of an inflammatory response?
redness
reduced temperature
pain
swelling
random bleeding
What cellular process are you beholding?
cellular slurping
pinocytosis
phagocytosis
immunocytosis
What sort of cell might this be?
plasma cell
mast cell
macrophage
memory cell
killer T cell
What do mast cells do?
destroy infected cells
release histamines
produce excess viral antigens
produce antibodies
What does histamine do?
cause swelling at site of injury/infection
cause blood vessels to dilate
attract phagocytes
prevent viral spread
Proteins produced by virus-infected cells that help other cells resist viral infection...
interferons
pyrogens
antibodies
antigens
Which are true of antigens?
your own cells are covered in them
can be proteins or carbohydrates
found on surfaces of cells and viruses
are recognized by antibodies
only found on viruses
Which pair is correct?
B cells- humoral immuniity, T cells- cell-mediated immunity
T cells- humoral immuniity, B cells- cell-mediated immunity
B cells- memory, T cells- antibodies
B cells- killer cells, T cells- antibodies
Phagocytes engulf and destroy invaders, presenting the invaders' antigens to ___ to stimulate immune response.
helper T cell
B cell
mast cell
killer T cell
Helper T cells activate B cells and T cells by...
releasing cytokines
releasing interferons
dissolving into antibodies
making proteins for them
Proteins made by plasma cells that circulate in body fluids and bind to specific antigens.
antibodies
cytokines
interferons
plasmoids
What do antibodies do to pathogens?
bind to antigens on the pathogens
bind to pathogens on the antigens
clump pathogens together, inactivating them
help pathogens infect host cells
mark pathogens for destruction by phagocytes
What defends against your own cells when they are infected?
antibodies
cytotoxic T cells
suppressor T cells
cytokines
What shuts down killer T cells when an infection has been cleared?
suppressor T cells
memory T cells
helper T cells
antibodies
