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Biology Keystone Exam Review

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 51mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Alveoli are microscopic air sacs in the lungs of mammals. Which statement BEST describes how the structure of alveoli allows lungs to function properly?

a)

They increase the amount of energy transferred from the lungs to the blood.

b)

They increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inflation.

c)

They increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled.

d)

They increase the surface areas of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange.

2.

Which statement BEST describes an effect of the low density of frozen water in a lake?

a)

When water freezes, it contracts, decreasing the water level in a lake.

b)

Water in a lake freezes from the bottom up, killing most aquatic organisms.

c)

When water in a lake freezes, it floats, providing insulation for organisms below.

d)

Water removes thermal energy from land around the lake, causing the lake to freeze.

3.

Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules. Which functional characteristic of proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates?

a)

Large amount of stored information

b)

Ability to catalyze biochemical reactions

c)

Efficient storage of usable chemical energy

d)

Tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic

4.

The diagram models how a poison bonds to the active site of an enzyme. Which function is the enzyme MOST LIKELY unable to perform because of the attachment of the poison molecule?

a)

The release of stored chemical energy

b)

The donation of electrons to the substrate.

c)

The supply of activation energy for a reaction.

d)

The catalysis of the reaction with the substrate.

5.

The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme change at different temperatures. Which statement BEST describes what happens to the enzyme when the temperature of the reaction increases to 63 degrees?

a)

The enzyme is used up and the reaction stops.

b)

The enzyme begins to decrease the rate of the reaction.

c)

The enzyme continues to increase the rate of the reaction.

d)

The enzyme changes shape and can no longer speed up the reaction.

6.

A protein in a cell membrane changed its shape to move sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients. Which molecule was MOST LIKELY used by the protein as an energy source?

a)

ATP

b)

ADP

c)

Catalase

d)

Amylase

7.

Carbon dioxide and oxygen are molecules that can move freely across a plasma membrane. What determines the direction that carbon dioxide and oxygen molecules move?

a)

Orientation of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.

b)

Concentration gradient across the plasma membrane.

c)

Configuration of phospholipids in the plasma membrane.

d)

Location of receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane.

8.

Which example is an activity that a fish MOST LIKELY uses to maintain homeostasis within it body?

a)

Using camouflage to avoid predators.

b)

Feeding at night to regulate body temperature.

c)

Moving to deeper water to regulate metabolic wastes.

d)

Exchanging gases through its gills to regulate oxygen levels.

9.

Mitosis and meiosis are processes by which animal and plant cells divide. Which statement best describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

a)

Meiosis is a multi-step process.

b)

Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells.

c)

Meiosis is used in the repair of an organism.

d)

Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells.

10.

Which event most likely occurs next in mitosis?

a)

The chromatin condenses.

b)

The nuclear envelope dissolves.

c)

The chromosomes double in number.

d)

The cell membrane pinches inward to divide the cytoplasm.

11.

A scientist observes that a certain trait is determined by a single allele. An organism inherited one version of the trait from one parent and another version from the other parent. Both versions of the trait are expressed in the phenotype of the offspring. Which pattern of inheritance best classifies the observed trait?

a)

dominance

b)

sex-linkage

c)

co-dominance

d)

incomplete dominance

12.

A group of students measured a ten-square-meter section of a pond ecosystem and recorded observation. Which statement is a testable hypothesis?

a)

The frogs living in the pond represent a population.

b)

Water is an abiotic component in the pond ecosystem.

c)

If the fish are given more food, then they will be happier.

d)

If the frogs are startled, then they will jump into the water.

13.

Scientists observed that the populations of top-level consumers in a particular ecosystem were rapidly decreasing. Further studies revealed that there was also a decline in producer productivity. Which other changes did the scientists most likely observe in the ecosystem?

a)

increased producer diversity

b)

decreased population size at all levels

c)

decreased primary consumer populations only

d)

increased primary and secondary consumer diversity

14.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
15.
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
a)
Protein
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Lipid
d)
Nucleic Acid
16.
Enzymes need certain environmental conditions in order to function properly.  What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a)
they die
b)
they denature
c)
they change their amino acid sequence
d)
they work better
17.
The part of the enzyme that the substrate bonds to is called the _____.
a)
active site
b)
activation energy
c)
bond site
d)
peptide bond
18.
the diagram suggessts...
a)
energy flows from secondary consumers to primary consumers in an ecosystem
b)
tertiary consumers are the ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem
c)
there are more tertiary consumers than producers in an energy pyramid
d)
producers are the foundation of all energy pyramids
19.
Often, organisms compete with each other for a food source. Which of the following pairs of organisms compete with each other for food?
a)
mice and rabbits
b)
squirrels and owls
c)
rabbits and green plants
d)
mice and owls
20.
What is a phenotype?
a)
The expression of a trait; physical appearance.
b)
refers to the genetic makeup of an individual
c)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (ex. TT or tt)
d)
the passing of traits from parent to offspring
21.
What does heterozygous mean?
a)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (TT or tt)
b)
An organism that has different genes for a trait (Tt)
c)
When neither gene is fully dominant; offspring is a mixture of both
d)
the different forms of a trait (hair color--> brown, blonde, red
22.
A human usually has _____ total chromosomes.
a)
6
b)
22
c)
4
d)
46
23.
R=round seed
r=wrinkled seed.
Cross a homozygous round with a wrinkled. Which statement predicts the results?
a)
offspring will be Rr
b)
offspring will be RR
c)
round seeds will be recessive to wrinkled
d)
Wrinkled will be observed in half of offspring
24.
This type of inheritance pattern is a MIXTURE of both traits.
a)
incomplete dominance
b)
co-dominance
c)
complete dominance
d)
recessive pattern
25.
In a pedigree, what shape represents a male?
a)
circle
b)
square
c)
triangle
d)
diamond
26.
Which of the characteristics is a lion least likely to pass on to its offspring?
a)
fur color
b)
length of tail
c)
scars on leg
d)
body size
27.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
28.
Releases oxygen
a)
photosynthesis
b)
cellular respiration
c)
both
29.
releases carbon dioxide
a)
phtosynthesis
b)
cellular respiration
c)
both
30.
produces sugar
a)
cellular respiration
b)
photosynthesis
c)
both
31.
uses sugar
a)
cellular respiration
b)
photosynthesis
c)
both
32.
tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick to one another
a)
cohesion
b)
adhesion
c)
solution
d)
polar molecule
33.
What property of water helps to moderate earth's temperature?
a)
adhesion
b)
cohesion
c)
Specific heat capacity
d)
density of ice
34.
The cell membrane is made mostly of
a)
phospholipid monolayer and proteins
b)
phospholipid bilayer and proteins
c)
proteins and carbohydrates bilayer
d)
triglycerides and carbohydrates
35.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
carbon dioxide + water --> oxygen + glucose
b)
carbon dioxide + glucose + water --> oxygen 
c)
oxygen + water --> carbon dioxide + glucose
d)
glucose+ oxygen ---> water + carbon dioxide 
36.
According to the theory of natural selection, which of the following organisms is most likely to survive in the given environments?
a)
rabbit with short, brown fur in a cold, snowy, arctic environment
b)
large, leafy plant with shallow roots in a hot and dry desert biome
c)
bird with a short beak in an area where insects live deep within the ground
d)
lizard that exhibits the same coloration as its surrounding plant life
37.
What do the cells of E. coli bacteria and an elephant have in common?
a)
ribosomes that assemble protein
b)
mitochondria to produce energy
c)
chloroplasts found around the vacuole
d)
DNA located in the cytoplasm
38.
Which structure correctly pairs the organelle with its function?
a)
Vacuole: Stores genetic info
b)
Chloroplast: synthesizes protein
c)
Membrane: controls the flow of materials in and out of the cell
d)
Nucleus: absorbs sun's energy
39.
During ___________ conditions inside our body are kept stable (the same)
a)
homeopathic
b)
Homo sapian
c)
homeostasis
d)
homologous
40.
What is the correct order organization of living things? (smallest to largest)
a)
Atom-molecule-Cells-Tissues-Organs- Organ Systems - Organism
b)
Organs - Tissues - Cells - Organ Systems - Organism
c)
Atom-Cells-Organs-Tissues -Organism - Organ Systems-molecule
d)
Atom-molecule-Cells-Organism-Tissues- Organ Systems - Organs
41.
Large bodies of water do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. Why?
a)
Water is a solvent.
b)
Water has a high heat capacity.
c)
Water acts as a buffer.
d)
Water is non-polar.
42.
Why does water move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
a)
Water is pushed by solutes
b)
Capillary action pulls the water molecules like a chain
c)
Water is pulled by gravity
d)
Water’s cohesion causes it to “pull” towards the leaves
43.
What molecule is this?
a)
monosaccharide
b)
nucleic acid
c)
amino acid
d)
fatty acid
44.
What is a peptide bond?
a)
Bond that holds two amino acids together.
b)
A bond that holds hydrogen and oxygen molecules together.
c)
A bond that holds the phosphate group of one nucleotide and a sugar of a neighboring nucleotide.
d)
A bond that is formed by the sharing of electrons.
45.
Which subunits make up the structure of all proteins?
a)
glucose
b)
amino acids
c)
carbohydrates
d)
fatty acids
46.
Glycerol and fatty acids combine to form...?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
47.
Which organic molecule is paired with its function?
a)
nucleic acid : to store energy
b)
proteins : to provide insulation
c)
lipids : to regulate metabolic 
d)
carbohydrate : to provide quick–release energy
48.
Hydrolysis literally means
a)
To join with water
b)
To split with oil
c)
To split with water
d)
To join with oil.
49.
Given the graph below, which statement best describes the role of enzymes?
a)
More energy is released without the presence of enzymes
b)
Less energy is needed to start a reaction when enzymes are present.
c)
A reaction is catalyzed by the lack of enzymes
d)
The presence of enzymes causes reactions to occur at a slower rate.
50.
Which in NOT created as a result of dehydration synthesis?
a)
Cellulose
b)
Disaccharide
c)
glucose
d)
water