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WorksheetsStress and Adaptation ch9
Total questions: 48
Worksheet time: 40mins
What at are levels we regulate daily?
Water balance
blood glucose
temperature
pH
Homeostasis is controlled by what system?
Positive feedback system
negative feedback system
The body requiring that a level of constancy be maintained during changes in internal and external environment is also known as
Stress response
Negative Feedback system
General adaptation syndrome
Homeostasis
"A state manifested by a specific syndrome of the body developed in response to any stimuli that made an intense systemic demand on it" is known as...
Homeostasis
Negative feedback mechanism
Stress
Positive feedback mechanism
Which of the following is a systemic reaction to a stressor with physical manifestations coordinated and dependent upon each other
General Adaptation Syndrome
Homeostasis
Allostasis
Sympathetic
What are the three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome?
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Activation
What occurs during the Alarm phase in General Adaptation Syndrome?
Cope with stressor, most effective and economic stress defense causing a drop in cortisol
Mobilize resources, general stimulation of SNS & HPA axis releasing catecholamines and cortisol
Reserves are depleted, depletion of resources and systemic damage which shows signs/symptoms of disease or onset of disease
What occurs during the Resistance phase in General Adaptation Syndrome?
Mobilize resources, general stimulation of SNS & HPA axis releasing catecholamines and cortisol
Cope with stressor, most effective and economic stress defense causing a drop in cortisol
Reserves are depleted, depletion of resources and systemic damage which shows signs/symptoms of disease or onset of disease
What occurs during the Exhaustion phase in General Adaptation Syndrome?
Mobilize resources, general stimulation of SNS & HPA axis releasing catecholamines and cortisol
Cope with stressor, most effective and economic stress defense causing a drop in cortisol
Reserves are depleted, depletion of resources and systemic damage which shows signs/symptoms of disease or onset of disease
Mild, brief, controllable periods of stress may be perceived as what type of stimuli to growth and development?
Positive stimuli
Negative stimuli
Present stimuli
Activated stimuli
What is the term for factors that influence the adaptive capacity of a person?
Nurture
Lifestyle
Nature
Conditioning
Which conditioning factor includes the genetic predisposition, age, and gender?
External
Epigenetics
Internal
which conditioning factor includes exposure to environmental agents, life experiences, dietary factors, and level of emotional support.
Internal
External
Nature
Nurture
Interactive physiologic changes in neuroendocrine, autonomic, and immune systems that occur in response to real or perceived challenges to homeostasis (aka how the body responds to stressors to regain homeostasis) is known as...
Stressor
General Adaptation stress
Allostasis
Lowkey, need to rethink my life
What does RAAS stand for?
Retinal Anteric Allergergy Syndrome
Remember Always Anticipate Sandwiches
Renin- Angiotensin Aldosterone System
Remember the Alamo Always on Saturdays
During Allostatic load, which of the following occurs?
Immune suppresion
Activation of immune system
Activation of SNS, RAAS
Which of the following can be used to measure Allostatic load?
Blood pressure
cortisol levels
CRP
TP
Which of the following are functions of Cortisol, making it the go-to Glucocorticoid?
Supress inflammation
activates hormone release from hypothalamus
regulates metabolic, immune, and behavioral responses
alternates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism
Which of the following hormones is released as a slow response to stressors?
Cortisol
Epinephrine/norepinephrine
Which of the following hormones is released as a fast response to stressors?
Cortisol
Epinephrine / Norepinephrine
Which system releases Cortisol and Epinephrine?
Reticular activating system
Limbic system
In the Limbic system, Hypothalamus releases ____, which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release ______, which stimulates the adrenal cortex to release ______.
CTW, TLCH, and Epinephrine
CRF, ACTH, and Cortisol
CRG, RAAG, and norepinephrine
In the Limbic system, the Hypothalamus stimulates the Locus ceruleus which activates the _____ which activates the _____ ______, which releases _______.
Autonomic nervous system, adrenal medulla, epinephrine/ norepinephrine
Autonomic nervous system, anterior pituitary gland, cortisol
Somatic nervous system, thalamus, CRF
In the sympathetic system, what receptors do epinephrine and norepinephrine bind to?
CRF
Toll Receptor
Adrenergic
Which hormone diverts metabolism from building tissues to supplying energy for dealing with stress?
ACTH
Cortisol
Epinephrine
TSH
Name the pathway is activated by the sympathetic system when stressed or when there is a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, producing a strong vasoconstriction,
Complement Activation Pathway
Alternative Pathway
Renin-Angiotensin- Aldosterone Pathway
Which hormone is also called vasopressin, causes vasoconstriction, and makes the kidneys reabsorb water from urine to blood.
Catecholamines
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Anti-diuretic Hormone
Mineralocorticoid Hormones
What effects does stress have on the immune system?
Decreased immune cell production
Decreased Thymus activity
Increased sensory input
Changes in the kind of immune cells produced
The ability of body systems to increase level of function, given the need to adapt, is known as
Physiologic reserve
Genetic endowment
Hardiness
Anatomic reserve
Which organs are examples of anatomic reserve?
Heart
Liver
Appendix
Kidney
Which of the following is a result of ACUTE stress?
Time limited reactions of the autonomic nervous system
Poor self care can lead to worse outcomes
Increased tolerance to stress
Select the symptoms associated with Posttraumatic Stress disorder (PTSD)
Resolution of symptoms within a few days
Intrusion
Avoidance
Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity
Which of the following is NOT part of the pathophysiology of PTSD?
Cortisol cannot increase and maintain a normal rhythm the whole day
Exaggerated stress response causes failure to maintain homeostasis
Cortisol increases amount of sleep sleep and exhaustion
Increased SNS activity lowers cortisol levels
Which side represents a stress response for a patient with PTSD?
A
B
What are some psychological treatments for PTSD?
Electropsychosocial Therapy
Pharmacological
Therapy targeting psychological
Exercise and physical activity
An 81-year-old male patient who has a diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension is experiencing an episode of particularly low blood pressure. The man's body has responded by increasing levels of angiotensin II in the bloodstream, a hormone that decreases the glomerular filtration rate in the kidneys and contributes to an increase in blood pressure. Which of the following phenomena best describes what has occurred?
Stressor
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
The physician suspects that a patient under a lot of stress (stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system) is experiencing stress-induced release of vasopressin. Knowing the effects of an activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the nurse should be assessing the patient for which primary nursing diagnosis?
Fluid volume excess related to retention of water in the body
Decreased cardiac output related to positional low blood pressure
Electrolyte imbalance related to retention of potassium
Nutritional imbalance related to vomiting and diarrhea
When you are stressed you will also retain fluids, your sympathetic system will increase you heart rate and reflexes, and renin will cause for you blood to thicken as your blood vessels constrict. True or false?
TRUE
FALSE
Stress response is strongly influenced by what systems?
Endocrine
Respiratory
Cardiac
Nervous
Why does cortisol production result in increased blood glucose levels?
Glucose leads to a strong sympathetic nervous system response.
Glucose stimulates RBC production.
Glucose stimulates release of adrenaline.
Glucose provides energy.
The client experienced a traumatic event in the past that has caused chronic nightmares in which the event is relived. The client may have increased levels of which of the following?
Aldosterone
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Norepinephrine
Cytokines
Which is an endocrine regulator of pituitary and adrenal activity and neurotransmitter involved in autonomic nervous system activity, metabolism, and behavior?
Immune factor
Fight or Flight hormone
allostatic factor
Corticotropin-releasing factor
The faculty member is explaining homeostasis to her student. The faculty member knows the student understands the concept when he states which of the following about homeostasis?
"It is a system of carefully coordinated physiologic processes that oppose change."
"It is characterized by a severe stress response secondary to experiencing previous trauma."
"It is a control system that monitors a function or value. When the function or value decreases below the set point of the system, the mechanism causes the function or value to increase."
"An organism is able to survive as long as the composition of the external environment is compatible with the survival needs of the individual cells."
The locus caeruleus (LC) is an area in the brain stem that produces which of the following hormones?
Cortisol
norepinephrine
Antidiuretic hormone
aldosterone
How does the nurse best define hardiness to a client?
"Hardiness assists you in preventing nausea and vomiting."
"Hardiness helps you respond to medications better."
"Hardiness describes a personality characteristic that assists in the stress response."
"Hardiness is how your muscles respond to stress."
When explaining to a patient admitted for stress-induced supraventricular tachycardia, the nurse will incorporate which of the following statements about what happens in the body as a result of excess stress?
Endorphins are released from the brain every time we experience stress.
The pituitary gland is ultimately responsible for growth, metabolism and maturation, all of which are important when the body is stressed.
The primary role of the parasympathetic nervous system is to stimulate the vagus nerve.
The corticotrophin-releasing factor stimulates the release of norepinephrine, which is responsible for "fight-flight" reaction to stress.
A patient with a history of posttraumatic stress syndrome reports frequently reliving the traumatic event. The nurse documents that the patient is experiencing which of the following?
Depression
Battle Fatigue
Intrusion
Anxiety
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