Font size
WorksheetsExam 1 Mock
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins
How many potassium ions are pumped in and how many sodium ions are pumped out?
2 K pumped in for every 2 Na pumped out
3 K pumped in for every 3 Na pumped out
2 K pumped in for every 3 Na pumped out
1 K pumped in for every 3 Na pumped out
The Na/K pump is representative of what aspect of cellular biology?
Conductivity
Hormones
Movement
Secretion
What is true of anaerobic respiration? Select 2
It uses oxygen
It produces lactic acid
It is inefficient in generating ATP
It is efficient in generating ATP
What are the adaptive types of cellular adaptation? Select 3 that apply.
Atrophy
Dysplasia
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Pathologic changes can be caused by
Physiologic stimuli
DNA changes
Exercise
Disuse
Anaplasia is indicative of a(n) …
Cancer
Tumor
Increased number of cells
Infection
What is the MOST common cause of cell injury?
Genetic defects
Free radicals
Mechanical damage
Ischemia
What is NOT a cause of reduced blood oxygen supply?
Anemia
Cardiac arrest
Poor circulation
Low altitude
Pulmonary disease
What impact/risks does hypoxia have on tissue?
Infarction
Necrosis
Gangrene
All the above
What is the difference between facilitated and active transport?
Active transport uses a transport protein
Active transport uses an ATP pump
Facilitated transport uses an ATP pump
Facilitated transports uses an ADP protein
What occurs when hydrostatic and osmotic pressure is equal at every capillary-cell interface? What is this law called?
Homeostasis, Beckett’s Law
Osmosis, Starling’s Law
Homeostasis, Starling’s Law
Diffusion, Fluid Law
If a cell is an hypertonic solution, what happens to the cell?
The cell stays the same size
The cell swells
The cell shrinks
None of the above
Oncotic or colloidal pressure is caused by what action?
The interstitial fluid
The force of albumin pulling water from the ICF to the ECF
The extracellular fluid
The flow of blood through vessels
Hydrostatic pressure exerts what kind force/pressure?
Pulling
Pushing
No force
What are some compensation mechanisms in a fluid deficit? Select 3 that apply.
Increased thirst
Increased ADH
Peripheral vasodilation – warm, reddened skin
Decreased heart rate
RAAS activated
A patient has a serum level of 100 mEq/L Na, 50 mEq/L K, and 9 mg/dL Ca. What does the patient have? 2 answers apply.
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hyponatremia
Hypercalcemia
Which fits the definition of edema?
ISF - interstitial fluid
ICF - intracellular fluid
Not enough sodium in the ISF and ICF
Not enough water in the ISF and ICF
Excess water in the ISF and ICF
Excess sodium in the ISF and ICF
What are some symptoms of dehydration? Select 2 that apply.
Dry mucous membranes
Rapid pulses
Decreased hematocrit
Increased skin elasticity
Which of the following is not a hormone that influences fluid volume homeostasis?
Renin
Aldosterone
Vasopressin
Natriuretic peptides
Thyroid hormone
Which of the following is the result of osmoreceptors sensing any change in blood volume/blood osmolarity?
Triggers the sense of thirst
Stimulates the release of ADH
Secrete aldosterone
All the above
When more ADH is released it causes the body to…
Retain water
Remove water
Increase absorption of Na
Decrease absorption of Na
What is an effect/symptom of hyponatremia?
Cerebral edema
High blood pressure
Dry mouth
Weight gain
What can cause hypervolemic hyponatremia?
Diarrhea/vomiting
Burns/wounds
Too much intravascular water
Dehydration
What can cause hypernatremia?
Low salt intake
Overdose diuretics
Excessive sweating
Insufficient ADH
A patient has a potassium level of 1.5 mEq/L. What signs and symptoms could you see in the patient?
Slow heart rate
Confusion
Slow GI motility
Altered mental state
What is not a cause of hyperkalemia?
Cell membrane damage
Renal failure
Diarrhea
Acidosis
A patient has a calcium level of 14 mg/dL. What symptoms could you see in the patient?
Decreased neuromuscular excitability (muscle weakness)
Tetany
Increased neuromuscular excitability (skeletal muscles)
Paresthesia
What are the 2 compensatory mechanisms if blood pH is less than 7.35? (select 2)
Respiratory system removes CO2
Respiratory system retains CO2
Kidneys retain more bicarb and excrete hydrogen ions
Kidney remove more bicarb and reabsorb hydrogen ions
A patient presents with shallow respirations caused by an overdose. What is likely happening?
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
A patient has a pH of 7.0, PaCO2 of 40, and an HCO3 of 20. What does the patient have?
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
A patient has a pH of 7.0, PaCO2 of 40, and an HCO3 of 20. (yes, the same from the other question). What history would be good to know about this patient?
History of MI
History of asthma
History of diabetes
History of stroke
What are some causes of metabolic alkalosis? Select 2 that apply.
Increased respiratory rate
Excessive intake of antacids
Excessive acid loss from vomiting
Airway obstruction
A patient has a pH of 8, a PaCO2 of 30, and a HCO3 of 24. What condition and symptom would you see in this patient?
Respiratory acidosis, pneumonia
Metabolic acidosis, severe diarrhea
Respiratory alkalosis, anxiety
Metabolic alkalosis, vomiting
What chemical mediator causes vasodilation?
Histamine
Kinins
Prostaglandins
All the above
What do interferons do?
Induce fever
Protect against viruses
Phagocytize foreign cells
Release histamine
Inflammation is the same as infection.
True
False
What is a disease that is caused by chronic inflammation?
Multiple sclerosis
Osteoarthritis
Pneumonia
None of the above
Bandemia or left shift is a sign of what leukocyte response?
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Basophils
T-cells
What is not a cardinal sign of inflammation
Warmth
Swelling
Loss of function
Dizziness
Loss of function can be caused by
Edema
Pain
Increased capillary permeability
All the above
What is a systemic symptom of inflammation?
Heat
Erythema
Fever
Edema
What is not a healing PHASE?
Primary intention
Inflammatory
Proliferative
Maturation
A patient underwent abdominal surgery. What is the MOST likely healing complication that could happen?
Hypertrophic tissue
Contractures
Adhesions
Keloids
What is a nosocomial infection?
Infection of the nose/nasal passage
Infection acquired in the community
Infection acquired through a vector
Infection acquired in a healthcare facility
What is the correct order of the stages of infection?
Incubation, prodromal, acute, convalescent, resolution
Prodromal, incubation, acute, convalescent, resolution
Incubation, acute, convalescent, prodromal, resolution
Acute, incubation, convalescent, prodromal, resolution
A virus has what kind of characteristics? Select 3 that apply.
Requires a living host to survive
Does not have a cell wall
Has a cell wall
Invades host cells
has a nucleus
What is an example of a parasite?
Candida albicans
Helminths
Pneumocystis jiroved
None of the above
A post-op patient has been picking at their incision. What infection should healthcare staff be MOST concerned about?
Candida albicans
MRSA
Tinea
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mosquito is an example of …
A reservoir
A vector
A parasite
A virus
What is NOT a form of infectious transmission
Indirect contact
Direct contact
Droplet contact
None of the above
