Which of the following is true regarding the jejunum vs the ileum?

The distal duodenum receives sympathetic innervation via:

Decreased activity of which of the following will most likely inhibit formation of this tissue?

Which of the following would you NOT expect to find in a parotid salvion?

Cells located in the fundus of the stomach most likely produce:

Presence of which of the following in unitary smooth muscle cells makes them behave similarly to cardiac myocytes?

A mutation in which of the following proteins would most likely affect a smooth muscle cell's ability to sense Ca2+?

A patient with chronic gastritis shows decreased gastric acid secretion due to decreased levels of a stimulatory hormone. This hormone is MOST similar another hormone that:

A patient comes and is drooling all over the place. It's gross. Elevated nerve impulses from which of the following would most likely explain this?

At LOW flow rates, saliva is ______. At HIGH flow rates, saliva is _____.

Damage to which of the following will most likely present as the inability to relax the muscles of the esophagus?

An elderly male presents in your clinic with inflamed gums, gingival recession, bleeding pockets, loose teeth, and breath like a dead moose. You swab his mouth and the resulting culture is black on blood agar. What is true regarding this pathogen?

The pictured finding is most likely caused by:

A patient presents with a hard lump as pictured. You slice it open to reveal gritty pus filled with yellow granules. Lovely. You would most expect the following on blood agar:

Which of the following occurs due to incomplete closure of the abdominal musculature in development?

A 2yo male presents with bloody stool and acute abdominal pain. This is most likely due to ectopic ______

A 4 week old male presents with nonbilious vomiting and you note a firm, ovoid 1.5cm mass in the epigastrium with your skilled, osteopathic hands. The mother also mentions that she had been taking azithromycin for an infection shortly after his birth. What is the most likely cause of his presentation?

Which of the following is NON-nutritive?

Which of the following transports fructose?

Transport of glucose and galactose from the gut lumen is due primarily to a gradient established by:

Which of the following is NOT a main fuel type?

Which of the following is considered a macromineral?

Which of the following is used as an index of muscle mass and caloric adequacy?

Commensals generally elicit:

Which of the following is least likely to be responsive to probiotics?

What is true regarding ulcerative colitis vs crohn's?

Which of the following is inhibited by the presence of glycochenodeoxycholic acid? Check all that apply.

Absence of which of the following would impair degradation of chylomicrons?

Cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase acts as a classic example of feedback inhibition, but what inhibits it?

A patient presents with the pictured lesions and mentions that they have been present for 11 days now. The best course of action would be:

A pregnant woman presents with a rapidly growing lesion. Based on the pictured biopsy, this is most likely:

A patient with a history of smoking has a mass from their parotid gland biopsied. Based on the pictured findings, this is:

Which of the following cannot be synthesized by humans?

Pepsinogen is cleaved to its active form by:

Which of the following conditions is most associated with increased risk of cholelithiasis?

A patient with a history of bulimia presents with painful hematemesis and the pictured finding. This is most likely:

A patient with a history of asthma presents with complaints of dysphagia, regurgitation, and occasional experiences "heart attacks." What treatment would be most effective?

A Caucasian American male with a history of smoking and a BMI of 35 has the pictured biopsy from the distal third of his esophagus. What is likely true?

Moderate caloric deprivation is associated with

Increases of which of the following is most associated with Vitamin E?

What is a drawback of Vitamin D?

Omeprazole decreases H+ secretion by:

G cells are stimulated by:

Damage to which of the following cells is most likely to present as pernicious anemia?