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WorksheetsPMA 1 Review
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 28mins
The graph shows atmospheric carbon dioxide levels since the year 1880.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are responsible for global temperature change
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are rising at the same rate for the past century.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have remained the same over the past century.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have risen at a higher rate during the last century.
Enzymes are molecules that help speed up reactions in your body. The graphs show the reaction
rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH.
Based on these data, this enzyme functions best at what temperature and pH?
Temperature of 10°C and a pH of 1
Temperature of 37°C and a pH of 6
Temperature of 40°C and a pH of 8
Temperature of 50°C and a pH of 10
A population of rabbits in an area of Northern Florida was monitored to learn more about the factors that affect the population size. The graph below shows data collected about the rabbit population size for 30 generations.
Based on the data above, which of the following would be a scientific question that could be answered with the given data?
Why are the rabbits average weight declining?
What types of shelters are available for the rabbits?
How do the rabbits acquire food in their environment?
Has the rabbit population been impacted by recent construction?
An ecologist is examining a field with wild flowers. They want to know what types of pollinators carry the most pollen among flowers in the field. In order to determine how much pollen is being carried by each pollinator, the ecologist must examine the entire bodies of multiple organisms, before releasing them back into the wild flower field.
What microscope would best assist the ecologist in this task?
Light Microscope
Dissecting Microscope
Scanning Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope
Taq polymerase is an enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to replicate fragments of DNA. A study published in 1976 examined the properties of Taq polymerase after the enzyme was isolated from Thermus aquaticus, a thermophilic bacterium that lives in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. The graph shows one of the results of the study.
Which statement about enzyme activity is best supported by this graph?
An enzyme functions best under specific temperature conditions.
An enzyme’s rate of activity increases with time until it becomes inactive.
An enzyme must be composed of multiple polypeptides, or subunits, to be active.
An enzyme works equally well in bacteria that are adapted to high temperatures and in human cells.
Below shows data collected for populations of damselflies from August 1st until October 16th.
What conclusion can be drawn based on the data?
Only embanked ponds result in protozoa infection.
Creek-fed ponds are producing healthier damselflies.
Rate of infection in embanked ponds has increased over time.
The later in the year the high the infection rate in creek-fed ponds.
The graph here show the activity of three enzymes that are a part of the human digestive system.
Which of the following would be a valid conclusion about how pH affects enzyme activity?
Enzymes do not work past a pH of 9.
Enzymes operate best at a specific pH.
The pH does not affect how an enzyme functions.
The pH changes the role of the enzyme within the digestive system.
The graph shows how a Serengeti buffalo population changed over a period of years. During this time period, the buffalo were affected by the rinderpest virus, a debilitating disease with high mortality (death) rate. The virus was successfully eliminated from the population in Year 3.
What is the immediate impact on the buffalo population after the virus was eliminated?
The population decreased
The population remained the same
The population increased
The population decreased, then increased
The graph below shows the energy usage each month for a home that has a gas heater and an electric air-cooling system.
Which of the following could be inferred by the information in the graph?
More kilowatt-hours were used during cooler months than warmer months.
The months of July, August, and September were the warmest months.
Less kilowatt-hours were used in March than any other month.
The month of December was the coldest month.
The bar graph below shows the observations David recorded about the type of fruit his classmates brought in their lunch bags.
Which is a guess made by David and NOT an observation from his recordings?
Students brought four types of fruit.
The students' favorite fruit is bananas.
Three students did not bring fruit to class.
More students brought apples than oranges
Crystal violet is a dye that is used to stain the outer layer of certain bacterial cells and differentiate them from other types of cells. Below is an image of bacteria cells that have been stained with crystal violet.
What type of microscope would be used to obtain this type of image?
Light Microscope
Dissecting Microscope
Scanning Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope
Use the graph below to answer the question.
Which population description is most likely represented by the graph?
A population of birds increases but then becomes stable.
A population of wolves slowly increases but then increases rapidly.
A population of mice slowly increases but then fluctuates seasonally.
A population of fish quickly increases in the spring but then decreases quickly in the fall.
An ecologist is studying Dunaliella salina a single celled algae in a local pond. The pond is located near a construction site and the ecologist wants to know what affect, if any, the construction site is having on the pond, as there has been a steady decline in the Dunaliella salina population. In order to complete their study the ecologist would like to examine the organelles inside Dunaliella salina.
If they would like to examine the inner structure of the chloroplasts of an already dead Dunaliella salina, what microscope would be best suited for this task?
Light Microscope
Dissecting Microscope
Scanning Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope
Approved eye protection devices (such as goggles) are worn in the laboratory
to avoid eye strain.
to improve your vision.
only if you don't have corrective glasses.
any time chemicals, heat, or classware are used.
If you do not understand a direction or part of a lab procedure, you should
figure it out as you do the lab
try several methods until something works
ask the instructor before proceeding
skip it and go on to the next part
After completing an experiment, all chemical wastes should be
Left at your lab station for the next class
Disposed of according to your instructor's directions
Dumped in the sink
Taken home
You have been injured in the laboratory (cut, burn, etc.). First you should
visit the school nurse after class.
see a doctor after school.
tell the science instructor at once.
apply first aid yourself.
When gathering glassware and equipment for an experiment, you should
read all directions carefully to know what equipment is necessary
examine all glassware to check for chips or cracks
clean any glassware that appears dirty
all of the choices are correct
Horseplay or practical jokes in the laboratory are
always against the rules
okay
not dangerous
okay if you are working alone
In a laboratory, the following should not be worn:
loose clothing
dangling jewelry.
sandals.
all of the above
Which of the following statements best reflects the scientific understanding of a zygote?
A zygote is an unfertilized egg
A zygote is made up of one cell
A zygote is the fusion of two gametes
A zygote is where gametes are formed
Sexual reproduction is vital to the propagation of the human race. Which of the following sequences represents the correct order of events in the formation of a human fetus?
Zygote --> Blastocyst --> Embryo --> Fertilization
Fertilization --> Zygote --> Blastocyst --> Embryo
Blastocyst --> Embryo --> Differentiation --> Zygote
Fertilization --> Growth --> Differentiation --> Zygote
An older man visits the doctor and learns that he has a disease known as Atherosclerosis, where there is a build-up of fat and cholesterol inside his blood vessels.
Which of the following is a result of his condition?
Increased blood volume
Decreased blood volume
Increased blood pressure
Decreased blood pressure
The diagram provided represents the female reproductive system.The formation of female gametes occurs in which structure?
1
4
5
7
According to the American Heart Association, the heart is a muscle. An inactive individual who does not exercise, has a weaker heart and lower blood flow. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of exercise on heart rate in a trained individual as opposed to an individual who is untrained. A trained individual is someone who completes exercises to strengthen their heart often, while the untrained individual is one who does not exercise often.
Using the data collected in the study, which of the following correctly describes the result of heart rate in athletes as opposed to inactive individuals?
Heart rate is greater for an athlete.
Heart rate is lower for inactive people.
Heart rate is higher for inactive people.
There is no difference between inactive or active heart rate.
The illustration provided shows parts of the human brain.
What lobe is identified by the label “A”?
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Endometriosis is a condition that affects the female reproductive system. This condition causes abnormal cell growth in the ovaries and uterus. This can often lead to complications that prevent the development of an embryo. Due to the abnormal cell growth in the uterus, which of the following may prevent the production of offspring due to the specific symptom of extra cell growth in the uterus?
The development of the embryo.
The production and release of egg cells.
The secretion of estrogen by the ovaries.
The differentiation of gametes into zygotes.
A fertilized egg undergoes several stages before it is successfully implanted. The diagram below shows these stages as the fertilized egg travels through the female human reproductive system. In which of the following structures of the female human reproductive system is the blastocyst implanted during normal human development?
ovary
uterus
vagina
amniotic sac
A hematocrit test measures the proportion of red blood cells in your blood compared to the blood volume. The normal hematocrit range for men is 38.3 to 48.6 percent and for women is 35.5 to 44.9 percent. A higher hematocrit means a high count of red blood cells per blood volume, which could indicate for dehydration. A lower hematocrit counts means a low count of red blood cells, which could be an indicator for anemia.The following graph demonstrates the relationship between hematocrit levels and blood viscosity.Jill recently had a hematocrit test and resulted with a hematocrit percent of 20 percent, which is lower than the normal range. Which of the following would best describe how Jill’s blood flow is affected compared to the normal hematocrit range?
Jill’s blood has a lower viscosity, leading to lower blood flow.
Jill’s blood has a lower viscosity, leading to higher blood flow.
Jill’s blood has a higher viscosity, leading to lower blood flow.
Jill’s blood has a higher viscosity, leading to higher blood flow.
Below is a diagram of the male reproductive system. Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of sperm?
B
C
D
E
Jack recently reported to the doctor that he has serious chest pains. However, the doctor cannot determine why. The individual is then sent home for a year with an ultrasonic doppler, which is a monitor that records the amount of blood flow. While the patient is home, the data below is collected regarding their average blood flow. According to the data, which of the following factors is most likely attributed to the data collected on Jack?
Jack exercises daily causing a decrease in blood volume.
Jack is on a blood thinning medication which increases the blood viscosity.
Jack frequently eats vegetables as a part of their balanced diet, which decreases blood pressure.
Jack began to smoke which led to an increase in blood resistance due to plaque build-up in the arteries.
An individual is hit by a car on the way to work and suffers a severe injury leading to a drop in blood volume. Which of the following will occur as a result?
A decrease in blood pH
An increase in blood oxygen
A decrease in blood pressure
An increase in blood viscosity
The charts below show the development of the human fetus over the 38 weeks of gestation, and the length of each trimester in weeks. Based on your knowledge of fetal development which of the following correctly identifies an event at the appropriate stage of development?
Ears begin to develop during the first trimester.
Teeth form during the second trimester.
Major organs develop during the third trimester.
Arms and legs develop during the second trimester.
If a person has coronary heart disease they may be affected by atherosclerosis. Which of the following would you also expect to find in a patient with coronary heart disease?
Low heart rate
High blood pH
Low blood volume
High blood pressure
The heart is a muscle. The more you exercise it, the stronger it becomes. With this in mind, contrast the resting heart rate of an athlete with that of an inactive person.
The athlete will have a higher resting heart rate than the inactive person.
The athlete will have a lower resting heart rate than the inactive person.
There will be no substantial difference in the two individual’s heart rates.
The inactive person will have a lower resting heart rate than the athlete.
The rate at which blood flows through the human body changes in response to many factors. Which statement describes one of these factors and its effect on blood flow?
A high viscosity of blood causes an increased resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow.
A low blood pH decreases the rate of diffusion through the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow.
The changing of the shape of red blood cells to a crescent shape decreases resistance and lead to a faster blood flow.
The narrowing of blood vessels increases pressure and leads to a faster blood flow.
Below is a diagram of the male reproductive system. Which of the following correctly pairs the structure represented by the letter D and its function?
Scrotum - tube through which sperm leaves the body
Epididymis - tissues in which mature sperm wait to be ejaculated
Prostate gland - coiled tubes in which sperm is made
Testes - glands that produce fluid that feeds the sperm during their journey
Although a fetus is relatively protected in its mother's womb, a number of different toxins can harm the fetus. These include lead, mercury, glycol ethers, and many other substances. How do toxins usually reach the developing fetus?
by blood flow from the mother to the fetus
by diffusion across placental membranes
by recombination of genes from the fetus and mother
by active transport from the ovary
Which of the following is an example of the body’s specific immune response?
Fever
Phagocytosis
Production of antibodies
Swelling
The healthy human immune system responds to pathogens with both specific and nonspecific processes. Which of the following models depicts a nonspecific response?
A cladogram is shown below.
Which of the following characteristic would be shared by all of the animals shown in the cladogram except the hagfish?
Jaws
Lungs
Feathers
Fur
Adult mountain lions ( Puma concolor) are almost 2 meters long, and they have a black spot over each eye. The common names used throughout different parts of the United States for this species are listed below.
Why is it best for scientists to use the scientific name Puma concolor from the standardized taxonomic system instead of the many common names?
All scientists will be using one name for mountain lions.
The standardized name differentiates mountain lions and pumas.
Communication with other scientists about mountain lions will be reduced.
The standardized name is less descriptive of the animal that has been observed.
A student wants to use the Venn diagram below to show the characteristics of two kingdoms of organisms. The characteristics that the two kingdoms share will be listed in the shaded area where the circles intersect.
Which of these is a characteristic that the student should list in the shaded part of the diagram?
A.
Heterotrophic
Multicellular
Prokaryotic
Decomposer
The cladogram below shows the evolutionary relationship of several species of primates.
Which of the following species pairs has the closest evolutionary relationship?
Gorilla gorilla and Pan troglodytes
Lemur catta and Pan paniscus
Papio hamadryas and Cebus albifrons
Tarsius bancanus and Macaca mulatta
From Aristotle to Linnaeus: the History of Taxonomy
Aristotle was the first to attempt to classify all the kinds of animals in his History of Animals. He grouped the types of creatures according to their similarities: animals with blood and animals without blood, animals that live on water and animals that live on land. His system of classification was not evolutionary, and the various species on the ladder had no genetic relationship to each other. Aristotle regarded the essence of species as fixed and unchanging, and this view persisted for the next two thousand years.
After Aristotle, there was great interest in naming these new species and fitting them into the existing classifications. Leading to new systems of classification being developed by various scientists. One such system was developed by Carl Linnaeus. By the time Linnaeus was born, there were many systems of botanical classification in use. This, in fact, was the problem — there were too many inconsistent systems, and the same plant might have several different scientific names. He published his most innovative work as a young man in 1735- The System of Nature. The System of Nature is notable for an overall framework of classification that organized all plants and animals from the level of kingdoms all the way down to species. This system of classification, although greatly modified, is essentially the one we use today.
Which of the following statements best explains why the changes we have made in our scientific system of classification are important to the scientific community?
There is a common understanding in the classification of organisms.
All scientist will have a common system for the classification of locations containing fossils.
All members of the community understand how other scientists classify predator–prey relationships.
All members of the scientific community will use a similar system to classify the impact of removing species from ecosystems.
An organism has a nucleus and is multicellular but has no cell wall and no chloroplasts.
This organism belongs to which kingdom?
Plantae
Archaea
Animalia
Eubacteria
The diagram below represents a possible evolutionary pathway of a group of organisms.
Which species is most closely related to species L?
species E
species F
species G
species I
The diagram below shows a flowchart that can be used to identify in which kingdom of life a particular organism belongs.
Which of the six kingdoms of life would you most likely find in the circle labeled "B"?
Archaebacteria
Animalia
Fungi
Plantae
Arthropods are joint-legged animals. Spiders, crabs, pill bugs, centipedes, and millipedes are examples of the many types of arthropods. Which of these arthropods are most closely related?
Arthropods of the same family
Arthropods of the same class
Arthropods of the same genus
Arthropods of the same species
The diagram shows taxonomic groups and a major distinguishing characteristic of all but two of them.
Which characteristics will be used to complete the chart?
Over time, the development of one species may diverge and eventually form another species given the right conditions. The diagram below shows a model of one species of primate diverging into many more.
The greatest genetic differences would be found in the DNA sequences of which two species?
Tarsius bancanus and Cebus albifrons
Tarsius bancanus and Macaca mulatta
Tarsius bancanus and Pongo pygmaeus
Tarsius bancanus and Nycticebus coucang
Taxonomic classification is most likely to change based on which of the following?
The popularity of the system, as opinions change over time.
New evidence can clarify existing interpretations of evolutionary relationships.
Current fossil evidence becoming outdated and irrelevant to current organisms.
A decrease in the amount of times the taxonomic system is used within textbooks and scientific publications.
The Florida Panther was once considered to be a subspecies of cougars and given a special trinomial taxonomy of Puma concolor coryi. Current scientists, however, have studied the Florida Panther and removed the subspecies classification to only Puma concolor. Which of the following would most likely explain why the classification of the Florida Panther changed?
New genetic evidence suggests a much closer relationship between the Florida Panther and other cougars.
Shared features between the Florida Panther and other cougars were also found in newly discovered organisms in the world.
Advanced technologies have shown a large difference in cell structure between the Florida Panther and other cougars.
Trinomial naming conventions are no longer used by scientists because only the genus and species are important in taxonomy.
Methanogens, thermophiles, and halophiles are some of the most primitive forms of life found on Earth and thrive in very harsh environments. These unicellular, prokaryotic organisms most likely belong to which of the following kingdoms?
Fungi
Protista
Bacteria
Archaea
The Carcharhinus limbatus or Blacktip Shark and the Carcharhinus leucas or Bull Shark are two species of shark found throughout the Gulf of Mexico . Based on their classification which of the following statements describes a conclusion you can draw about these two species?
Both the Blacktip Shark and the Bull Shark are the same species
The Blacktip Shark and the Bull Shark share the same family.
The Blacktip Shark and the Bull Shark would not share a common ancestor.
The Blacktip Shark and the Bull Shark would not be expected to have any genetic similarities.
