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History & Theories Reading Quiz ReTake

Total questions: 47

Worksheet time: 53mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The first psychological laboratory was established by
a)
John Watson
b)
Wilhelm Wundt
c)
Sigmund Freud
d)
William James
2.
Behaviorists dismissed the value of
a)
science.
b)
introspection.
c)
spaced practice.
d)
neuroscience.
3.
Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of
a)
thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.
b)
behavior and mental processes.
c)
conscious and unconscious mental activity.
d)
observable responses to the environment.
4.

Psychoanalytic psychology focuses mainly on:

a)

rewards and punishments

b)

self-esteem and self-actualization

c)

biology and genetics

d)

internal conflict and unconscious desires

e)

sensation and perception

5.

Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?

a)

Piaget

b)

Bacon

c)

Rayner

d)

Calkins

e)

Washburn

6.

Which of the following best describes the view of the mind held by Plato and Socrates?

a)

The mind is made up of knowledge that is a result of our experiences.

b)

The mind should be studied through careful, empirical observations.

c)

The mind is an illusion produced by the brain.

d)

The mind is separate from the body and continues after the body dies.

7.
Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of
a)
evolution versus natural selection.
b)
continuous versus non-continuous.
c)
structuralism versus functionalism.
d)
nature versus nurture.
8.
How do cognitive approaches to learning differ from traditional behaviorist explanations? 
a)
Cognitive psychologists focus on the changes in neural networks that result from learning. 
b)
Cognitive psychologists try to explain learning from an evolutionary perspective. 
c)
Cognitive psychologists believe that learning involves some sort of thinking. 
d)
Cognitive psychologists believe that researchers should only focus on observable behaviors. 
9.
After Mr. Jones suffered a stroke, a section on the left side of his brain was severely damaged. Now, Mr. Jones lost the ability to speak fluently.
This change in his verbal skills can be best be explained using which approach?
a)
Behaviorist 
b)
Evolutionary
c)
Cognitive
d)
Biological 
10.

Which approach is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture on our psychological traits?

a)

biopsychosocial

b)

cognitive

c)

humanistic

d)

social-cultural

e)

pyschodynamic

11.

The psychologist most likely to help an attorney make selections of jury members is a(n) ____ psychologist.

a)

counseling

b)

community

c)

educational

d)

forensic

12.

Mr. Kay is interested in whether individual differences affect learning. Mr. Kay is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

a)

school

b)

human factors

c)

clinical

d)

educational

13.
Marnie is handed a teddy bear and begins to describe what she is experiencing:"This is brown. It is soft. It is wearing a red bow."
What historic research technique is she using? 
a)
Introspection
b)
Psychoanalysis
c)
Dualism
d)
Structuralism 
14.

Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the

a)

struggles with unconscious drives and conflicts.

b)

adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions.

c)

treatment of psychological disorders.

15.
As the owner of a company, you want to make as much profit as possible. Happy employees will be better producers, hence, more money to be made.
What type of psychologist would you use to ensure your employees were happy on the job and producing to the best of their ability? 
a)
Counseling 
b)
Industrial-organizational 
c)
Psychiatrist 
d)
Clinical 
16.
Charles Darwin proposed that natural selection leads to the development of characteristics most suited to the survival and reproduction of a species.
His theory has most influenced which branch of Psychology? 
a)
Humanism
b)
Evolutionary psychology. 
c)
Cognitive psychology. 
d)
Behaviorism.
17.
Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's
a)
childhood memories.
b)
genetic predispositions.
c)
unconscious thought processes.
d)
potential for healthy growth.
18.
Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?
a)
personality psychology
b)
clinical psychology
c)
biological psychology
d)
social psychology
19.
In its early years, psychology focused on the study of ________, but from the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of ________.
a)
mental life; observable behavior
b)
unconscious motives; conscious thoughts and feeling
c)
maladaptive behavior; adaptive behavior
d)
environmental influences; hereditary influences
20.
Who used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of mind?
a)
Aristotle
b)
John Locke
c)
Edward Titchener
d)
John Watson
21.
The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by
a)
Wilhelm Wundt.
b)
William James.
c)
John B. Watson.
d)
Sigmund Freud.
22.
Who would be most likely to agree with the statement, "Psychology should investigate only behaviors that can be observed"?
a)
Wundt
b)
Freud
c)
Watson
d)
James
23.
Which school of thought was inspired by Darwin's theory of evolution?
a)
Structuralism
b)
Psychoanalysis
c)
Functionalism
d)
Behaviorism
24.
____ suggests that our personalities are shaped by unconscious motives.
a)
Structuralism
b)
Functionalism
c)
Psychoanalysis
d)
Behaviorism
25.
Which approach to psychology focuses on how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information?
a)
biological
b)
cognitive
c)
evolutionary
d)
psychodynamic
26.
Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different styles of parenting are encouraged among various ethnic communities?
a)
cognitive
b)
psychodynamic
c)
social-cultural
d)
biological
27.

Behavior reflects influence of physical and psychological traits that helped ancestors survive/reproduce

a)

Evolutionary

b)

Biological

c)

Cognitive

d)

Social-Cultural

e)

Biopsychosocial

28.

Behavior determined by past experiences left in the Unconscious Mind. People are unaware. Unconscious drives conscious. Sigmund Freud

a)

Structuralism

b)

Functionalism

c)

Behaviorism

d)

Gestalt

e)

Psychoanalytic

29.
The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes the importance of
a)
different levels of analysis in exploring behavior and mental processes.
b)
basic research over pure research.
c)
pure research over basic research.
d)
having a single academic perspective to guide research.
30.
What type of psychologist is most likely to wonder how the brain scans of someone experiencing an epileptic seizure differ from the scans of someone who has not had a seizure?
a)
clinical
b)
health
c)
developmental
d)
biological
31.
Which subspecialty in psychology focuses on the cognitive differences between a 6-year-old and a 12-year-old?
a)
neuropsychologist
b)
social 
c)
developmental
d)
forensic
32.
What type of psychologist is most likely interested in conditions that lead to the greatest conformity?
a)
developmental
b)
cognitive
c)
social
d)
human-factors
33.
Doctors Roger Sperry and Michael Gazzaniga (1983, 1988) studied split-brain patients—those who had surgery that separated the left and right hemispheres of the brain—and discovered that the two hemispheres had different talents, such as the left specializing in language processing. These psychologists are most likely:
a)
neuropsychologists
b)
cognitive psychologists
c)
developmental psychologists
d)
rehabilitation psychologists
34.
Industrial/organizational psychologists are most likely to be hired by:
a)
businesses interested in maximizing worker productivity.
b)
elementary schools to create reading programs to help struggling students.
c)
fast-food chains to design an employee-training program.
d)
law-enforcement agencies to analyze crime scenes.
35.

Who was the first female president of the APA?

a)

Margaret Floy Washburn

b)

Mary Whiton Calkins

36.

Which of the following best describes research types of Wilhelm Wundt’s first psychology laboratory?

a)

Testing ESP using a wall to observe auras above participants’ head.

b)

Using a brain-scanning device to determine the impact events have on brain function.

c)

Measuring the reaction time between hearing a sound and pressing a button.

d)

Studying helping behavior, based on the premise that people are good.

e)

Making careful observations of animal spirits.

37.

Psychodynamic therapy has its roots in the theories of

a)

Sigmund Freud

b)

B.F. Skinner

c)

Abraham Maslow

d)

Carl Rogers

e)

John Watson

38.

According to psychoanalytic theory, the bases for the development of mental disorders are

a)

maladaptive, learned patterns of behavior

b)

social, economic, and cultural factors

c)

unconscious conflicts that produce anxiety

d)

phsyiological events that cause chemical imbalances in the brain

e)

inherent moral weakness and lack of willpower

39.

Which perspective of psychology believes humans are innately good and strive to reach their fullest potential?

a)

Biophysical

b)

Behavioral

c)

Psychoanalytic

d)

Humanist

e)

Sociocultural

40.

______________ are different psychologists because the are licensed Medical Doctors.

a)

Clinical Observationalists

b)

School Counselors

c)

Industrial Psychologists

d)

Phsyiologists

e)

Psychiatrists

41.

The claim that a whole is different from the sum of its parts is central to which of the following schools of thought?

a)

Gestalt Psychology

b)

Structuralism

c)

Behaviorism

d)

Functionalism

e)

Connectionism

42.

The study of conscious experience by breaking it down into basic components and first "school" of psychology is...

a)

Functionalism

b)

Structuralism

c)

Behaviorism

d)

Psychoanalysis

43.

Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner are all considered ______________.

a)

psychiatrists.

b)

behaviorists.

c)

humanists.

d)

cognitive psychologists.

44.
In explaining human behavior, psychoanalysts are likely to focus on ________, whereas humanistic psychologists concentrate on ________.
a)
evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings; self-reports of immediate physical sensations
b)
observable behavior; the way we perceive, process, and remember information
c)
childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes; current environmental influences on potential
d)
introspective reports of immediate sensations; empirical research relying on observation and experimentation
45.
Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?
a)
psychodynamic
b)
biological
c)
behavioral
d)
evolutionary
46.
Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective.
a)
social-cultural
b)
behavioral
c)
cognitive
d)
evolutionary
47.
Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.
a)
behavioral
b)
evolutionary
c)
biological
d)
socio-cultural

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