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Marine Biology Chapter 2 test

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 2hrs 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

This World War II technology allowed Dr. Hess to collect data on the age of the ocean floor. This data provided evidence for:

a)

Continental Drift

b)

Einstein's Theory of Relativity

c)

The Doppler Effect

d)

The Theory of Evolution

2.
What happens when Subduction occurs?
a)
Parts of the crust fall into the mantle
b)
Parts of the crust fall into the core
c)
Parts of the crust fall into space
d)
None of the Above
3.
What evidence helps scientists show how sea floor spreading occurs?
a)
Ocean Floor Material
b)
Magnetic Stripes
c)
Drilling Samples
d)
All of the Above
4.
What evidence helped Wegener support his theory?
a)
Climate
b)
 Fossils
c)
Land Features
d)
All of the Above
5.

What was the name of the supercontinent?

a)

The world

b)

Pangea

c)

Laurasia

d)

Gondwana

6.

What words describe M? choose all

a)

deep ocean trench

b)

mid ocean ridge

c)

sea floor spreading

d)

subduction

7.
What grows at the divergent boundary? 
a)
San Andreas Fault
b)
Mid Ocean Ridge
c)
Land ridge
d)
Pacific Ocean
8.

The diagram shows the magnetic polarity (they look like zebra stripes) of the seafloor at the Mid-Ocean Ridge. Which of the following statements is true about the magnetic polarity pattern of the ridge?

a)

Stripes of normal polarity and reversed polarity DO NOT alternate across the ocean bottom.

b)

Stripes form mirror images (are symmetrical) on either side of the mid-ocean ridges

c)

Stripes form different images on either side of the mid-ocean ridges

d)

there is not a pattern that is created

9.
Massive pieces of land that are part of the Earth's crust and upper mantle
a)
Tectonic plates
b)
Trenches
c)
Divergent boundary
d)
Continental shelves
10.
___________ help explain why Earth is not getting any larger even though the tectonic plates are always moving.
a)
earthquakes
b)
subduction zones
c)
fossils
d)
volcanoes
11.

Oceanic crust (sea floor) is destroyed at this boundary.

a)

Convergent Oceanic

b)

Divergent Oceanic

c)

Convergent Continental-Continental

d)

Divergent Continental

12.

When two continental plates converge (collide) what type of crustal feature is formed?

a)

Mid Ocean Ridge

b)

Subduction Zone

c)

Rift Valley

d)

Folded Mountains

13.

What is the 'magic' that is happening in the upper mantle that helps move the 'lithospheric plates'?

a)

Convection

b)

Subduction

c)

Seafloor Spreading

14.
What kind of plate boundary is shown here?
a)
divergent
b)
convergent
c)
transform
d)
subducting
15.
What kind of plate boundary is shown here?
a)
divergent
b)
convergent
c)
transform
d)
submergent
16.

What geologic feature/event are you most likely to find at a transform boundary?

a)

Earthquakes

b)

Volcanoes

c)

Mountains

d)

Rift Valleys

17.

What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?

a)

crust, outer core, inner core, mantle

b)

mantle, outer core, inner core, crust

c)

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

d)

outer core, inner core, crust, mantle

18.

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by _______

a)

convection.

b)

continental drift.

c)

subduction.

d)

conduction.

19.

Below is a picture of sea-floor spreading. How are the ocean crusts moving?

a)

Converging

b)

Diverging

c)

Sliding

d)

No movement

20.

What are Tectonic Plates?

a)

A continent

b)

The plates you serve food on

c)

The Plates underground only

d)

The Plates that include and move the Continents

21.

What is Pangea?

a)

the name of a German scientist

b)

the name of the super-continent that existed millions of years ago

c)

another name for continental drift

d)

the name of an ancient fossil

22.

What are the two types of crust?

a)

continental and oceanic

b)

ocean and basin

c)

lower and upper

d)

thick and thin

23.

In some areas of the world, like California and Japan, earthquakes are a common occurrence. How can this best be explained?

a)

The strong ocean currents are undermining both areas causing earthquakes.

b)

Both areas are located near the edge of the Pacific Ocean, the unstable sand causes earthquakes.

c)

Both areas are subjected to strong ocean wind and waves that causes earthquakes.

d)

Both areas are on the boundary of active plates, the motion of the plates causes earthquakes.

24.

The map in the picture shows tectonic plate boundaries. This map would be useful in predicting the location of future

a)

droughts

b)

hurricanes

c)

earthquakes

d)

tornadoes

25.
What geological forces might be responsible for this range of mountains?
a)
diverging tectonic plates
b)
erosion of the land by the ocean
c)
converging tectonic plates
d)
deposition of sediments by the ocean
26.

Earthquake epicenters (center of where the earthquakes started) were mapped for a 35 year period in the diagram above. The black dots indicate these epicenters. The black dots appear along what feature on Earth?

a)

hot spots

b)

plate boundaries

c)

rift zones

d)

sea floor spreading

27.
Geologists have long recognized that earthquakes are not randomly distributed on Earth but occur in concentrated areas that coincide with __________ and provide evidence for the theory of ___________ .
a)
mountain ranges; fault zones.
b)
continental borders; supercontinents.
c)
plate boundaries; plate tectonics
d)
areas of liquid magma; sea floor spreading.
28.

The image shows the Pacific Ring of Fire, a region of high tectonic activity. What evidence supports the theory that the tectonic activity of the region is due to the subduction of tectonic plates?

a)

The region is bound by many oceanic trenches.

b)

North America seems to be colliding with Asia at the north of the ring.

c)

The region is dotted by volcanoes and experiences major earthquakes and tsunamis.

d)

The landmasses look like they would fit together like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.

29.

The Marianas Trench, where the Pacific Plate descends under the leading edge of the Eurasian Plate, is the deepest sea floor in the world. These ocean trenches form when two oceanic plates collide

a)

and the older, less dense of the two plates rides over the edge of the older plate.

b)

when convection currents in the mantle force the older plate downward.

c)

and the younger, denser of the two plates, rides over the edge of the older plate.

d)

and the plates are approximately the same age and density.

30.
How do we know where the plate boundaries are?
a)
They are shown by lines on a map
b)
They are shown by lines of earthquakes
c)
They are shown by lines on the bottom of the sea
d)
We don't know where the plate boundaries are
31.
South America and Africa were once together as one place.   What do you think is the BEST evidence for this?
a)
Africa and South America look like they could have fit together
b)
Africa and South America have a plate boundary between them
c)
Fossils of Mesosaurus (an animal that could not swim across the ocean) are found in both Africa and South America
d)
They were never together, that's silly, continents can't move
32.
Africa and South America are moving farther apart because
a)
they are on plates that are converging
b)
they are on plates that are moving sideways to each other
c)
they are on plates that are diverging
d)
they are not actually moving at all
33.

This theory states that Earth's crust is divided into large pieces that float on the mantle.

a)

The Theory of Crust Motion

b)

The Theory of Plate Tectonics

c)

The Theory of Past Tectonics

d)

The Theory of Plate Technicalities

34.

Iceland [in yellow on the map] is located in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Geologists consider it a fascinating place because of all the volcanoes, geysers, and hot springs found there! It is an excellent location for geothermal energy use. Use the tectonic map to explain why it is such an active place for geology.

a)

Iceland sits above a convergent boundary.

b)

Iceland sits above a divergent boundary.

c)

Iceland sits above a transform boundary.

d)

Iceland is at a subduction zone

35.

The following are oceans according to size

a)

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Antarctic

b)

Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, Arctic, Antarctic

c)

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Antarctic, Arctic

d)

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic, Arctic

36.

There are _____ oceans basins in the world

a)

4

b)

6

c)

5

d)

9

37.

The Earth's outermost thinnest layer

a)

crust

b)

continental crust

c)

oceanic crust

d)

continental slope

38.

The land we walk on, made mostly of granite

a)

crust

b)

continental crust

c)

oceanic crust

d)

continental shelf

39.
This famous transform fault is located in the western United States creates significant earthquake activity for California
a)
New Madrid
b)
Denali Fault
c)
Ramapo Seismic Zone
d)
San Andreas
40.
What ocean borders California?
a)
Indian Ocean
b)
Atlantic
c)
Pacific
d)
Arctic
41.
The cracks in Earth's crust are called ___________.
a)
tectonic plates
b)
faults
c)
magma
d)
lava
42.
This is the name for the chain of volcanos around the edge of the Pacific Plate.
a)
Circle of Fire
b)
Ring of Lava
c)
Ring of Fire
d)
Circle of Magma
43.

Which region in CA has Volcanoes that were active most recently?

a)

North

b)

South

c)

Central

d)

Catalina Islands

44.

Which type of evidence was NOT used by Alfred Wegener to support his continental drift hypothesis?

a)

Similar mountain ranges found on the eastern side of South America and the western side of Africa.

b)

Identical fossils found on different continents.

c)

Erosion and Weather appears on Mountain Ranges across the world.

d)

Glacial erosion found in Australia India,and Africa.

45.
In the early 1900's Alfred Wegener found evidence of identical rock types, identical fossils, and matching mountain ranges on different continents that are on opposite sides of an ocean.  What could be the explanation for these observations?
a)
All animals can swim extremely long distances 
b)
These observations have no significant meaning.
c)
In the past, continents were not located where they are today but were joined together 
d)
mountains are made through the same processes therefore they are very similar in their structure throughout the entire world.
46.
This is a picture of glacier scars found in Africa.  What are these evidence for?
a)
Africa has always been near the equator
b)
Africa was once in an area of the Earth that had a very cold climate
c)
The continents have not moved
d)
sea floor spreading
47.

Coal is an example of climate change evidence because...

a)

it is found in tropical areas today so it used to be near the equator

b)

it is found in swampy areas today so the area used to be near the poles

c)

it is found in cold areas today so it used to be closer to the equator

d)

coal is not an example of climate change

48.

This picture is an example of which type of evidence?

a)

matching fossil

b)

matching land formation

c)

climate change

d)

memorial movement

49.

This picture is an example of which type of evidence?

a)

matching fossil

b)

matching land formation

c)

climate change

d)

memorial movement

50.

This picture is an example of which type of evidence?

a)

matching fossil

b)

polar wandering

c)

matching land formation

d)

memorial movement

51.
What does the word Pangea mean?
a)
big land mass
b)
old land
c)
all land
52.

How does evidence of glaciation in Africa support the Theory of Continental Drift?

a)

It shows that the continents must have been in a different location (Polar Wandering).

b)

It doesn't.

c)

I shows that it was colder at the equator in the past.

d)

It shows that it was warmer at the equator in the past.

53.

What are the remains of organism noticed by Wegener that are found the same in two continents?

a)

Leaves and flowers

b)

Ice and mountains

c)

Plants and animals

d)

Dinosaurs and reptiles

54.
Mesosaurus fossils have been found on what two continents?
a)
India and Africa
b)
Africa and South America
c)
Antartica and Australia
d)
India and Antarctica
55.
What specific technology did Wegener use in his study?
a)
GPS
b)
Sonar
c)
Radar
d)
Maps
56.
Originally the Continental drift theory was not well received by other scientist.  Why? 
a)
There was a competing theory at the time that was more believable. 
b)
There was no data showing the continents ever moved. 
c)
The scientists did not know the force responsible for moving the continents. 
d)
The scientist presenting the data was unreliable.  
57.

Which of the following best describes Wegener's continental drift ideas?

a)

Hypothesis: There was data to support the idea but more information was needed to build it into a scientific theory.

b)

Theory: It was an early idea of Wegener's but it didn't yet have any evidence to support it.

c)

Theory: It was a well supported idea that explained many things. No additional information was needed (it just needed time for people to accept it).

d)

Hypothesis: It was an educated guess that Wegener made based on maps, but he hadn't yet collected experimental data.

58.

Tectonic plates consist of

a)

continental crust.

b)

mesosphere.

c)

both continental and oceanic crust.

d)

oceanic crust.

59.

Tectonic plates “float” on

a)

the lithosphere.

b)

the mantle.

c)

the ocean.

d)

the asthenosphere.

60.

South America and Africa look to fit together like a puzzle

a)

does not support the theory of Pangaea

b)

does support the theory of Pangaea

61.

Fossils can also give evidence for a Pangaea theory

a)

True

b)

False

62.

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by a shift in two plates that pushed one section of the sea floor under another section of the sea floor by 5 meters. What type of boundary is this?

a)

divergent

b)

convergent

c)

transform

d)

metamorphic

63.
The Great Rift Valley in Africa and the Mid-Ocean Ridge were all created by this boundary
a)
Divergent
b)
Convergent
c)
Reform
d)
Transform
64.
Peer scientists reviewing Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift rejected his notion because
a)
His evidence was too few to make a valid conclusion 
b)
He did not explain how continents move and what moves them
c)
His evidence was not clear in showing  how continents were joined
d)
He lied by including false evidence
65.
The rejection of Mr. Wegener's hypothesis  teaches us that
a)
Indirect evidence is not sufficient to prove a hypothesis
b)
Direct evidence is hard to find 
c)
Hypotheses are hard to prove
d)
Scientists of the early 1900s were not smart enough
66.

Find the Nazca and the South American Plate. This is an example of two plates converging. The denser oceanic plate (Nazca) moves under the continental plate (SouthAmericanPlate). What features are likely found here?

a)

rift valleys

b)

volcanoes

c)

mid-ocean ridges

d)

ocean basins

67.

The Indian Plate (far right of plate picture) converges with the Eurasian Plate. When two continental plates converge what crustal feature is expected to form?

a)

Rift Valley

b)

Volcanoes

c)

Mountains

d)

Ocean Basin

68.

These are the Aleutian Islands in Alaska where the 7.8 Magnitude Earthquake occurred in early October 2020. There was a threat of a tsunami. The Aleutian Islands are in a ____________ zone.

a)

Safe

b)

Sea Floor

c)

Divergent

d)

Subduction

69.

NASA claims asteroid discovered 170 years ago could be worth $10,000 quadrillion.

16-Psyche contains nickel and iron, just like the _______ core of Earth. This finding is evidence of the formation of Earth during the ___________ _____________.

a)

Inner, Natural Selection

b)

Outer, Big Bang

c)

Inner, Plaster Tectonics

d)

Inner, Big Bang

70.
In the Atlantic ocean, where is the youngest seafloor located?
a)
Towards the edges, near the eastern and western continents
b)
Towards the middle of the ocean
c)
Towards the north and south poles
d)
Young seafloor is located randomly throughout the ocean

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