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Study Guide Ch. 2 Chemistry of Life (Anatomy)

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
the central region of an atom where its neutrons and protons are is its 
a)
nucleus 
b)
electron cloud
c)
core 
d)
center 
2.
A particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n)...
a)
Proton
b)
Neutron
c)
Electron
d)
Quark
3.

What is the charge of an electron?

a)

Positive

b)

Negative

c)

Neutral

4.

What is the charge of an proton?

a)

Positive

b)

Negative

c)

Neutral

5.

What is the charge of an neutron?

a)

Positive

b)

Negative

c)

Neutral

6.

Which of the following elements are the basis of organic, living organisms?

a)

Iron

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Carbon

d)

Hydrogen

7.

Which of the following statements best describes a covalent bond?

a)

A bond where nitrogen is bonded to everything.

b)

A bond where electrons are shared.

c)

A bond where electrons are donated from one atom to another.

8.
Nucleic acids are one of the four major macromolecules.  The main functions of nucleic acids are to
a)
store and transport energy and structural components in the cell.
b)
act as enzymes, cell signals, and structural support for the cell.
c)
carry genetic material and create structures inside the cell.
d)
aid in development, the immune system, and blood clotting.
9.
Protein molecules are composed of long chains of __________ .
a)
ribosomes
b)
RNA
c)
amino acids
d)
DNA
10.
Life on Earth is based on the element:
a)
helium
b)
gold
c)
carbon
d)
water
11.
The major macromolecules of life are:
a)
lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
b)
nucleic acid and water
c)
lipids and fats
d)
DNA
12.
Which has a pH below 7?
a)
Acid
b)
Base
13.
What is the pH of water?
a)
0
b)
4
c)
7
d)
14
14.
What is the pH range of a base?
a)
0-6.9
b)
7.1-14
c)
0-14
d)
7
15.

Isotopes have a different number of

a)

protons

b)

electrons

c)

neutrons

d)

nuclei

16.

What is the main biological function of carbohydrates?

a)

Store energy

b)

Contain genetic information

c)

Make up enzymes

d)

Make you fat

17.
What is the strongest of all the bonding types?
a)
Covalent
b)
Ionic
c)
Hydrogen
d)
Metallic
18.
What are the four elements that all life is made up of?
a)
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Carbon
b)
Helium, Oxygen, Neon and Carbon
c)
Hydrogen, Titanium, Carbon, Nitrogen
d)
Oxygen, Chlorine, Iron, Nitrogen
19.
This biomolecule is used to make energy for our cells. The simplest is glucose, a monosaccharide.
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Proteins
20.
Examples of these biomolecules are DNA and RNA...
a)
Nucleic Acids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Lipids
d)
Proteins
21.
Nucleic Acids are made up of smaller subunits called....
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Lipids
c)
Monosaccharides
d)
Subunits
22.
These biomolecules are the main building blocks of you. They are large and complex and special ones do jobs all over your body as catalysts.
a)
Proteins
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Lipids
d)
Nucleic Acids
23.
Proteins are made up of two things...
a)
Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds
b)
Amino Acids and Covalent Bonds
c)
Amino Acids and Hydrogen Bonds
d)
Amino Acids and Ionic Bonds
24.
How many Amino Acids does our body use to make proteins?
a)
20
b)
10
c)
6
d)
2
25.
What are special types of proteins that act as catalysts?
a)
Enzymes
b)
Lipids
c)
Polysaccharides
d)
DNA
26.
Enzymes can either...
a)
break things down or put things togeter
b)
break things down only
c)
put things together only
d)
make cheese
27.
Where an enzyme joins with a substrate is called its...
a)
Active Site
b)
Mouth
c)
Substrate
d)
pH
28.
Enzymes make chemical reactions go faster by doing what?
a)
Lowering the activation energy of a reaction
b)
Making energy
c)
Absorbing energy
d)
Having a dance off with other enzymes
29.
Zane is making a chart of compounds that are found in the human body. What is the most common compound found in the human body?
a)
H2O   
b)
CO2
c)
Sodium Bicarbonate (baking soda)
d)
NaCl (table Salt)
30.
Which of these is the smallest unit of living things?
a)
cells
b)
atoms 
c)
molecules
d)
compounds
31.
Carbohydrates are made up of three of the six major molecules found in living things. The general chemical formula for a carbohydrate is CH2O. Which elements combine to make a carbohydrate?
a)
copper and cobalt
b)
chlorine and oxygen
c)
carbon, helium, and oxygen
d)
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
32.
The cells in living things contain four main molecules that allow the cells to function. Which of these molecules cannot mix with water?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
nucleic acids
d)
carbohydrates
33.
Animal cells have four main molecules that keep the body healthy. What type of molecule in animal cells provides a “map” for making proteins?
a)
lipids 
b)
proteins
c)
nucleic acids
d)
carbohydrates
34.
Which of these statements best describes a molecule?
a)
All molecules must contain carbon and oxygen.
b)
All molecules must have two different elements.
c)
All molecules are made up of two or more atoms
d)
All molecules must have at least three different atoms.
35.
This shows a(n)
a)
ionic bond
b)
covalent bond
c)
hydrogen bond
36.
In a ______ bond, electrons are transferred between atoms.
a)
ionic
b)
covalent
c)
hydrogen
37.
The isotopes of an element all have the same number of:
a)
electrons
b)
neutrons
c)
protons
38.
A chemical ________ is a pure substance made entirely of 1 type of atom.
a)
element
b)
compound
c)
mixture
d)
blend
39.
The electrons involved in chemical bonds are called ___________ electrons.
a)
valence
b)
ionic
c)
Van Der Waals
d)
covalent
40.
What gives water many properties that are important to living things?
a)
temperature
b)
hydrogen bonds
c)
density
d)
specific heat
41.
Which of the following solutions has the highest H+ ion concentration?
a)
a solution with a pH of 1
b)
a solution with a pH of 4
c)
a solution with a pH of 7
d)
a solution with a pH of 10
42.
What does "polar" mean?
a)
A molecule is cold
b)
A molecule has ionic bonds
c)
A molecule has covalent bonds
d)
A molecule has areas of positive and negative charge
43.
This atom in a water molecule has more of a negative charge
a)
Oxygen
b)
Hydrogen
44.
Salt dissolves in water because
a)
The water molecules wiggle between the Na and Cl atoms
b)
Water gets warm and moves around too much
c)
The polar areas of water molecules stick to the Na and CL ions
45.

Which structure has alpha helicies and beta sheets?

a)

Tertiary structure

b)

Primary structure

c)

Quaternary structure

d)

Secondary structure

46.

What atoms are in a protien

a)

Carbon oxygen hydrogen

b)

Carbon hydrogen phosphorus nitrogen oxygen

c)

Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

d)

Sulfer oxygen hydrogen nitrogen phospherus carbon

47.

What is the molecules that is different in every amino acid?

a)

Amino group

b)

R group

c)

Carboxyl group

d)

Alpha carbon

48.

polar Molecules are

a)

Hydrophilic

b)

Hydrophobic

49.

Nonpolar molecules are

a)

Hydrophobic

b)

Hydrophilic

50.

Which one of these is the Quartenary structure?

a)
b)
c)
d)
51.
Water is the universal solvent since it's:
a)
water
b)
such a small molecule 
c)
polar
d)
essential to life
52.
What is the property of water that allows it to stick to other water molecules?
a)
Capillary Action
b)
Solubility
c)
Adhesion
d)
Cohesion
53.

A substance made of two or more atoms that are joined together.

a)

Molecule

b)

Element

c)

Meniscus

d)

Surfactant

54.

A substance made of two or more different elements. Example: H2O, CO2

a)

Molecule

b)

Compound

c)

Surface Tension

d)

Surfactant

55.

Describe COHESION.

a)

Water molecules attracted to other substances.

b)

Water molecules climbing upwards against the force of gravity.

c)

Water molecules dissolving many substances because of its polarity.

d)

Water molecules attracted to other water molecules.

56.

Describe ADHESION.

a)

Water molecules attracted to other substances.

b)

Water molecules climbing upwards against the force of gravity.

c)

Water molecules dissolving many substances because of its polarity.

d)

Water molecules attracted to other water molecules.

57.
Which end of the water molecule has a slightly positive charge?
a)
the oxygen end
b)
the hydrogen end
c)
both ends are slightly positive
d)
neither end is positive
58.
What is an isotope? 
a)
A charged atom
b)
An atom with different amounts of neutrons
c)
An atom with different amounts of protons
d)
A neutral atom
59.
Different isotopes have...
a)
different masses
b)
different atomic numbers
c)
different electrons
d)
different protons
60.
If the number of electrons in an atom changes you make a(n) __________________.
a)
ion
b)
isotope
c)
new element
d)
isomer
61.
Ions are: 
a)
atoms with a positive or negative charge
b)
atoms with no charge
c)
atoms with ONLY a positive charge
d)
atoms with ONLY a negative charge
62.
Why do ionic bonds form?
a)
Opposite charges attract
b)
Outer energy level shells become full
c)
Both
d)
Neither
63.
Atoms that lose electrons become...
a)
negatively charged
b)
postively charged
c)
remain neutral, no charge
d)
losers
64.
Atoms that gain electrons become...
a)
negatively charged
b)
positively charged
c)
remain neutrally charged
d)
21
65.

True or false: a neutral solution has equal amounts of H+ and OH-.

a)

True

b)

False

66.

Vinegar is an example of:

a)

An acid.

b)

A base.

c)

Neither an acid nor a base.

67.
Which carbohydrate provides energy between meals?
a)
Complex
b)
Simple
c)
Glucose
d)
Glycogen
68.

Starches also know as complex carbohydrates, are mono, di or poly saccharides?

a)

mono

b)

di

c)

poly

69.
How do lipids function for cells?
a)
store information
b)
store energy
c)
breakdown wastes
d)
join with substrates
70.
Which of the following molecules make up the basic structure of a cell membrane?
a)
waxes
b)
steroids
c)
fatty acids
d)
phospholipids
71.
What are different examples of lipids?
a)
monosaccahrides, disaccharides, starch, cellulose
b)
dipetide, polypeptide, amino acids
c)
DNA, RNA, ATP
d)
triglycerides, waxes, steroids, phospholipds
72.
This molecule is a
a)
carbohydrate
b)
nucleic acid
c)
protein
d)
lipid
73.
This molecules is a
a)
amino acid
b)
nucleic acid
c)
carbohydrate
d)
lipid
74.
Unsaturated fats are __________ at room temperature.
a)
liquids
b)
solids
c)
toxic
d)
saturated
75.
The characteristic that all lipids have in common is----
a)
made of lots of double bonds
b)
acidic when mixed with water
c)
no high energy content
d)
do not dissolve in water
76.

What is emulsification?

a)

How animals are able to breathe underwater, using emulsification to expand their lungs and take in oxygen through gills

b)

the way in which bread is created through the emulsification of carbon atoms into smaller particles that form CO2 bubbles

c)

The breaking up of a lipid in large droplets into an aqueous solution of smaller droplets

d)

A disease caused by excessive intake of alchohol, which results in the swelling of the brain due to excess water content, killing the victim

77.

Emulsification breaks up ________ into smaller particles.

a)

fat

b)

protien

c)

carbohydrates

d)

glucose

78.
"Water Loving"
a)
Hydrophobic
b)
Hydrophilic 
c)
Hydroelectric 
d)
Hydroloric
79.
A phospholipid has 2 parts. What are they called? 
a)
Hydrophilic Head, Hydrophobic Tail 
b)
Hydrophobic Head, Hydrophilic Tail 
80.
"Water Fearing" 
a)
Hydrophobic
b)
Hydrophilic 
c)
Hydroelectric 
d)
Hydroloric

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