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WorksheetsGovernment AIR practice test
Total questions: 106
Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins
Federalism is one of the basic principles established in the U.S. Constitution.
Describe how government in the United States reflects a federal structure.
The US has different levels of government (national, state and local) with most power being held at the national level.
States have most of the power in a federal system.
The US is a unitary system of government.
The Articles of Confederation allowed for power to be vested at the national level.
Which branch interprets laws and hands down punishments to those convicted of crimes?
legislative
executive
judicial
Which branch enforces (also called executing or carrying out) laws?
legislative
executive
judicial
Which branch of government makes laws?
legislative
executive
judicial
The Necessary and Proper Clause is shown below:
"The Congress shall have Power ... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof."
Why did Federalists want to include this clause in the Constitution?
To protect the individual liberties of all citizens.
To provide a guarantee of sovereignty to individual states.
To allow the national government to efficiently run the country.
To give citizens more opportunities to select government officials.
Which statement summarizes the original Federalists position on the Bill of Rights?
Additional amendments were needed given the Constitutions lack of individual protections.
Adopting the Bill of Rights was too risky because it might threaten ratification of the Constitution.
The Bill of Rights should be adopted because national sovereignty should always come before states' rights.
No amendments were needed, as the Constitution already has protections against excessive government power.
The Federal Reserve purchases and sells government securities, adjusts the reserve requirement, and adjusts the discount rate to produce certain economic outcomes.
What is one outcome the Federal Reserve might want to produce when purchasing government securities?
Increasing interest rates
Reducing the money supply
Fostering economic expansion
Fostering economic contraction
Identify some of the powers that the judicial branch holds. (Multiple answers)
Interpret laws
Declare war
Sentence offenders
Make taxes
Establish judicial procedures
Which concept was at the center of the Anti-Federalist position as expressed in the "Anti-Federalist Papers"?
Standing Army
Limited Government
Checks and balances
Strong central government
Define popular sovereignty.
governmental authority is derived from the people. Under this principle, government governs with the consent of the governed.
people choose the Supreme Court justices.
the government must adhere to strict rules.
checks and balances are a key principle in the Constitution.
Define limited government.
government can only spend the money that's available.
government can only exercise the powers granted to it. Government must be conducted according to the rule of law.
limits are given on the number of senators that a state has.
people grant power to the government.
Define federalism.
the national government has all power.
the states have all political power.
system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent units. Shared powers between the national government and the states.
power comes from the people.
Define separation of powers.
distribution of governmental powers among independent branches.
senators are elected by the people.
the government is sovereign over its people.
the idea of federalism plays a large role in the operation of the government on a daily basis.
What are checks and balances?
balancing the national budget
electing officials to represent the nation
making sure that Congress votes in a way that satisfies constituents.
a system for controlling government power.
What Article of the Constitution explains the process by which an amendment is added to it?
I (one)
V (five)
VII (seven)
III (three)
Define judicial review.
the Senate's ability to confirm presidential appointments.
the court's ability to interpret laws and the Constitution and to clarify their meaning.
the court's ability to impeach the president
taxing the states in order to generate revenue
Allows changes to be made to the Constitution.
Amendment process
Due process
Voting rights
Checks and balances
A responsible citizen:
respects the rights of others
engages in civil discourse exercising the right of free speech
informs oneself on issues before voting in elections
all of the above
According to the Ohio and U.S. Constitutions, which responsibility is shared by both the state of Ohio and the Federal Government?
Raising Taxes
Declaring War
Printing Money
Forming International Treaties
Your city is debating whether to install a skateboard park on city-owned land. You want to support the park. Which method would be effective in helping to determine public policy on this decision?
Participate in the Governors reelection campaign.
Send an email to your U.S. Senator about the park.
Attend a meeting for your city council and present the benefits of the park.
Organize a letter writing campaign to members of the Ohio General Assembly.
In response to public concern over downtown parking availability, a city's mayor appoints a panel of traffic engineers, transportation officials and citizens to study the issue. Six months later, the panel publishes a 30 page report.
Which factor will contribute to the credibility of the report as a source on the topic?
The length of the report.
The cost of the report.
The number of tables and charts in the report.
The qualifications of those who contributed to the report.
Gave citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous conditions of servitude.
23rd Amendment
24th Amendment
15th Amendment
19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote
19th Amendment
15th Amendment
23rd Amendment
26th Amendment
Which amendment establishes direct election of US senators?
10th Amendment
15th Amendment
17th Amendment
12th Amendment
16th Amendment
Abolished Slavery
Prohibited Alcohol
Grants Citizenship to African Americans
Collecting federal taxes on income
18th Amendment
Prohibits Women's Suffrage
Prohibits Alcohol
Prohibits Child Labor
Prohibits immigrants from entering the country
Which Constitutional principle is identified with the concept of "consent of the governed?"
rule of law
popular sovereignty
checks and balances
separation of powers
Which situation brought about the adoption of the 12th amendment?
Electoral college voters' values and interests did not match those of the general population.
The electoral college vote did not correspond to the popular vote in early presidential elections.
A scandal in the Electoral College called into question the validity of the presidential election of 1796.
The Electoral College did not have separate ballots for president and vice-president, resulting in a tie in 1800.
What is one way the federal reserve system regulates the economy?
Regulating tariff rates on foreign imports.
Regulating production of consumer goods.
Regulating the amount of money in circulation.
Regulating spending by the federal government.
From time to time, the Supreme Court has extended civil rights protections to groups that historically have been denied rights guaranteed to other Americans. Sometimes the Supreme Court has done this by interpreting and applying principles found in existing Constitutional amendments.
Which legal principle did the Supreme Court use to extend the Bill of Rights guarantees to state laws and to broaden civil rights protections for minorities?
the "two-thirds clause" of the 12th amendment
the "punishment clause" of the 13th amendment
the "due process clause" of the 14th amendment
the "apportionment clause" of the 16th amendment
The ninth amendment is below:
The enumeration [listing] in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed [interpreted] to deny or disparage [take away] others retained by the people.
How did the ninth amendment address Federalist concerns about including a bill of rights in the Constitution?
It ensured that only state governments would be able to grant rights to citizens.
It ensured that guaranteeing some rights would not lead to other rights being violated.
It ensured that the federal government would have more power than state governments.
It ensured that a proper balance of power among the three branches of government would be established.
The 17th amendment addressed Progressive Era calls for reform.
Identify which headline below could have been written to support the ratification of the 17th amendment.
Click on two headlines!
The current method of selecting Senators is undemocratic.
The temperance movement demands prohibition.
Women demand the vote!
No party boss rule.
Ban alcohol now!
The 25th amendment was ratified after the assassination of president John F. Kennedy. Which issue, among others, did the 25th amendment clarify?
how a new president is elected.
how to fill the office of vice president when it is vacant.
the role of the Secret Service when protecting the president.
the role of Speaker of the House in presidential succession.
What was the immediate impact of the 14th amendment?
It granted citizenship to African Americans.
It guaranteed suffrage rights to African Americans.
It prohibited the use of poll taxes in the United States.
It outlawed the segregation of public facilities in the United States.
During the 1920s, the manufacture, sale, transportation, import, or export of alcoholic beverages was illegal across the United States.
Why did it take the ratification of the 21st Amendment to the Constitution in 1933 to make alcohol manufacture, sale, transportation, importation, or exportation legal again?
The states each had conflicting versions of the law.
The Supreme Court refused to rule on the federal law banning alcohol.
Congressional representatives knew they would lose votes if they reversed the original federal law.
Alcohol was banned by an amendment to the Constitution, and only another amendment could repeal it.
The 20th Amendment, ratified in 1933, shortens the period between Election Day and the time when the president and members of Congress take office.
What situation made the 20th Amendment a practical improvement?
The Electoral College needed more time to certify the results of the election.
The public demanded more results from newly elected administrations and wanted the president and Congress to begin serving sooner.
Better and faster transportation made the long delay between the election of a new president and the inauguration unnecessary.
After the election, the outgoing president was eager to step down and hand over the heavy responsibility of the office to another leader.
Citizens must choose between a plan to build a new city auditorium or a plan to restore the old one. Supporters of the new auditorium claim that building a new auditorium would be more economical than restoring the old one.
In evaluating the credibility of this claim, citizens should pay particular attention to
the number of performances held in the auditorium each year.
the amount of money the supporters spend on promoting their position.
the popularity of the supporters as community leaders.
the projected cost data provided by architects and accountants.
A town council faces budget cuts and can no longer afford to pay for landscaping in town parks.
How could a citizen work within his or her own community to help the local government address this problem?
by emailing Ohio’s congressional delegation to inform them of this issue
by organizing a group of residents to volunteer for weekly park maintenance
by requesting that the governor supply the town with state funds for park maintenance
by running for a seat in the General Assembly with a promise to increase funding for local parks
Why might lawmakers increase taxes and decrease government spending?
to reduce unemployment
to increase consumer spending
to decrease the level of demand
to encourage corporate spending
After the end of the Civil War, which goal did the federal government hope to accomplish during Reconstruction?
extending rights to southern women
establishing freedoms for former slaves
ensuring political power for Southern Democrats
guaranteeing southern white control over the social and economic condition of African-Americans
Select all of the ways the federal government attempted to accomplish the goal of establishing freedoms for former slaves.
abolishment of slavery
establishment of Jim Crow laws
ratification of the 14th Amendment
ratification of the 19th Amendment
guaranteeing African Americans the right to vote
How can a citizen become involved in addressing problems that affect the entire state?
by joining a community watch group
by volunteering for the fire department
by signing petitions to place issues on the ballot
by attending a meeting of the local school board
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between the Ohio Constitution and the U.S. Constitution?
Ohio laws overrule federal laws when there is a conflict.
All articles of the Ohio Constitution must be the same as all articles of the U.S. Constitution.
The structure of the Ohio Constitution does not resemble the structure of the U.S. Constitution.
The Ohio Constitution is consistent with the key principles of the U.S. Constitution, but contains some laws that differ from the laws of the U.S. Constitution.
Which circumstance prompted the adoption of the 23rd amendment?
A tie in the presidential election of 1800.
Difficulties in enforcing the ban on alcohol.
President Lyndon B. Johnson's poor health.
The growing population of Washington D.C.
Which statement summarizes the original Federalist position on the Bill of Rights?
Additional amendments were needed, given the Constitution's lack of individual protections.
Adopting the Bill of Rights was to risky because it might threaten ratification of the Constitution.
The Bill of Rights should be adopted because national sovereignty should always come before states' rights.
No amendments were needed, as the Constitution already had protections against excessive government power.
The 13th amendment was ratified in 1865.
What was the primary purpose of this amendment?
To establish the definition of U.S. citizenship.
To abolish slavery and involuntary servitude.
To establish the right to vote for former slaves.
To prevent former confederate officers from holding office.
The Federal Reserve purchases and sells government securities, adjusts the reserve requirement, and adjusts the discount rate to produce certain economic outcomes.
What is one outcome the Federal Reserve might want to produce when purchasing government securities?
Increasing interest rates
Reducing the money supply
Fostering economic expansion
Fostering economic contraction.
Identify some of the powers reserved for the judicial branch of the U.S. government.
Interpret Laws
Declare war
Sentence offenders
Make taxes
Establish judicial procedures
Suppose the president decided that none of the proposed strategies will work and directed his advisors to develop negotiation based strategies.
Select the two strategies that the president's advisors could propose that represent forms of negotiation.
threaten to veto all bills until the Senate approves the treaty.
conduct media interviews about the treaty and why it should be approved.
offer Senators support on a domestic spending bill that is important to them.
meet with a group of Senators opposed to the treaty to discuss their concerns.
hold meetings with members of both parties to settle differences on aspects of the treaty.
The 15th Amendment expanded African Americans' ability to participate in the political process.
How did the 24th amendment expand upon the 15th amendment?
by granting African American women the right to vote.
by ensuring the election of an African American to each states legislature.
by requiring states to create congressional districts specifically for African Americans.
by removing an economic barrier that prevented many African Americans from voting.
A flaw in the Electoral College became clear when conflict arose during the election of President Thomas Jefferson in 1800.
How did the 12th amendment alter how the president and vice-president are elected in the Electoral College?
Electors vote for a candidate for president and a candidate for vice president separately.
Electors must choose the candidates with the most popular votes for president and vice president.
Electors must vote for a candidate for president from one party and a candidate for vice president from the opposite party.
Electors choose two candidates for president; the one with the most votes becomes president and the other becomes vice president.
What do compromise, persuasion, negotiation, and consensus building all have in common?
All of them are nonviolent methods of conflict resolution.
All of them involve in each party making sacrifices.
All of them typically produce unequal results for opposing parties.
All of them enabling opposing parties to have their positions accepted.
Citizens engage in civic duties and political activities at the local, state, and national levels. Some types of activities often take place at one level but not another.
Which civic or political activity can citizens carry out at the state level?
Organize a neighborhood watch patrol.
Serving in the active-duty army or air force
Testifying before Congress on a regional issue.
Signing a petition to place an issue on the ballot.
A list of events in the early 1900's is shown.
Identify which events led to the adoption of the 21st amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
Crime rates increased under Prohibition.
The women's suffrage movement was successful.
Difficulties enforcing the 18th Amendment arose.
Federal income taxes were needed to fund military efforts.
The Democratic Party successfully campaigned against Prohibition in 1932.
You want to persuade the government to establish stronger national pollution standards for reducing carbon in the atmosphere.
Which is the correct government body to contact to express your opinion and to bring about the outcome you favor?
your towns city council
Ohio General Assembly
U.S. Supreme Court
U.S. Congress
The 24th amendment to the U.S. Constitution outlawed the use of poll taxes to prevent citizens from voting for federal office holders. This 1964 change continued what evolutionary development of the U.S. Constitution?
permitting women to run for public office
extending basic rights to more Americans
increasing the number of elected officials
strengthening the role of political parties in choosing candidates
Citizens of Ohio have many different ways for them to participate in local and state politics.
Below, pick the ways an Ohio citizen has the ability to participate in state elections.
Serve in the National Guard
Organize a neighborhood watch
Vote for governor
Attend city and/or township trustee meetings.
Citizens of Ohio have many different ways for them to participate in local and state politics.
Below, pick the ways an Ohio citizen has the ability to participate in local elections.
Organize a neighborhood watch.
Vote for governor
Serve in the National Guard.
Attend city and/or trustee meetings.
Following the Supreme Courts decision in Brown v. Board of Education, African-American students began applying to colleges and universities that had previously been segregated. In 1963, the governor of Alabama, George Wallace, tried to physically stop three African American students from registering at the University of Alabama. President Kennedy ordered the Alabama National Guard to force Wallace to move aside and allow the students to register.
Why did President Kennedy take this action?
The state judicial branch failed to comply with an executive order.
The state judicial branch failed to comply with a federal court ruling.
The federal judicial branch refused to comply with a ruling by the state judicial branch.
The federal legislative branch refused to comply with a state executive branch decision.
Prior to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1788, Federalists and Anti-Federalists debated how well the proposed constitution upheld the principles of government that would later become important in the Nullification Crisis.
Based on their arguments during the ratification debate, which statement describes what the Anti-Federalists would have thought about the Force Bill?
Anti-Federalists would have sided with South Carolina because they supported the principle of absolute power.
Anti-Federalists would have sided with South Carolina because they opposed having an overly powerful federal government.
Anti-Federalists would have sided with Congress and President Jackson because they opposed trading with foreign countries.
Anti-Federalists would have sided with Congress and President Jackson because they supported increased power for state governments.
Which right allows U.S. Citizens to to directly participate in the electoral process?
The right to vote.
The right to trial by jury.
The right to religious freedom.
The right to legal representation.
What is a responsibility of exercising your right to vote?
Serving on a jury.
Paying attorney fees.
Obtaining a college degree.
Being informed on public issues.
The 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution extending voting rights to previously disenfranchised groups.
Identify the groups that gained the right to vote as a result of these amendments.
21-year-olds
Former slaves
The poor
African-Americans
18-year-olds
The legislative, executive and judicial branches of the federal government each have specific powers.
Which power belongs to the Judicial Branch.
Enforcing Laws
Interpreting Laws
Passing Resolutions
Recognizing foreign relations.
How did the adoption of the Ohio Constitution of 1851 weaken the power of the General Assembly?
By creating district courts throughout the state.
By banning the use of poll taxes during election.
By allowing people to begin voting for the office of the governor.
By establishing that major executive officials would be directly elected by the people.
A business group wants its city to finance construction of a new airport. The city commissioners and some citizens feel that a new airport will be too expensive and that the proposed site is to close to an old city neighborhood with many low-income residents. The business leaders supporting the new airport can take a number of different approaches to get it built.
Identify the four approaches from below that they can take and will represent the democratic process of compromise, consensus building, negotiation, and persuasion.
Make a concession to their opponents by offering to build in a different location in the city.
Hold neighborhood meetings to discuss how to address the concerns residents have about the new airport and its location.
Run commercials explaining how the cost of the airport will be offset by the economic benefits that it will bring.
Bring people on both sides of the issue together to try to settle their differences through discussion.
Try to replace the members of the city commission with officials who support the existing plan without changes.
In the presidential election of 1800, there was a tie in the Electoral College vote for president.
How was the U.S. Constitution amended to change the election procedures of the Electoral College?
Separate balloting was required for candidates for president and vice president.
The vice president was required to belong to a different party than the president.
Voters were required to vote directly for presidential candidates instead of having electors.
Electors were required to vote for the candidate who received the most votes in their state.
Before the U.S. Constitution was adopted, each state held a ratifying convention to discuss and vote on the Constitution.
Alexander Hamilton attended the New York state ratification convention. A quote from one of his speeches during the convention is below.
Here, in the U.S. House of Representatives, sir, the people govern; here they they act by their immediate representatives.
Which basic principle of governance is Hamilton highlighting in this quote?
Federalism
Limited Government
Popular Sovereignty
Separation of powers
In 1851, Ohio drafted a new constitution that was meant to address problems of the original state constitution. These problems included:
An overburdened judicial branch
A significant amount of state debt
An overly powerful legislative branch
Select all of the ways that the Ohio Constitution of 1851 addressed these problems.
It created district courts.
It forgave all outstanding state debt.
It required major executive officials to be elected into office.
It allowed the judicial branch to appoint legislative officials.
It instituted debt limitations.
Select the two answers that make the most sense when reading this sentence.
The federal government controls taxation and spending policy. These are both parts of _________ policy. If the government were to raise taxes and decrease spending, this would be an example of an attempt to ________ economic growth.
Fiscal and encourage
Monetary and encourage
Fiscal and slow
Monetary and slow
Does the following quote embody the thought process of a Federalist thinker or an Anti-federalist thinker?
In the compound republic of america, the power surrendered by the people is the first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself.
Federalist
Anti-federalist
Does the following quote embody the thought process of a Federalist thinker or an Anti-federalist thinker?
I wish for nothing more than a good government and a constitution under which our liberties will be perfectly safe. to preserve which, I think the wisest conduct will be to keep the staff of power.....in our hands as much as possible, and not....give up a greater share of our liberties.
Federalist
Anti-federalist
Two constitutional amendments are shown:
15th Amendment
Section 1 - The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Section 2 - The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
24th Amendment
Section 1 - The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay poll tax or other tax.
Section 2 - The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
What was the result of the addition of these amendments to the U.S. Constitution?
The requirements for citizenship were revised.
Civil rights were extended to disenfranchised groups.
New powers were granted to states to regulate election rules.
Strict restrictions were placed on federal campaign fundraising.
An excerpt from the Bill of Rights is shown below.
Amendment 3 - No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Choose the correct answer that shows the effect of this amendment and what the effect brought about.
Protection of individual rights, defining the separation of powers in government
The outlawing of mandatory military service, placing limits on the power of the federal government
The strengthening of state and local governments, expanding the role of citizens in the government
The establishment of a standing army, formalizing the federal system of government
The protection of individual rights, placing limits on the federal government
The Federal Reserve uses monetary tools to regulate the money supply and maintain growth and stability in the U.S. economy. One way the Federal Reserve regulates the money supply is by taking action to adjust interest rates.
Identify if the effect stems from increasing or decreasing the rate.
Effect - People by more homes
Increase
Decrease
The Federal Reserve uses monetary tools to regulate the money supply and maintain growth and stability in the U.S. economy. One way the Federal Reserve regulates the money supply is by taking action to adjust interest rates.
Identify if the effect stems from increasing or decreasing the rate.
Effect - People pay more for loans.
Increase
Decrease
The Federal Reserve uses monetary tools to regulate the money supply and maintain growth and stability in the U.S. economy. One way the Federal Reserve regulates the money supply is by taking action to adjust interest rates.
Identify if the effect stems from increasing or decreasing the rate.
Effect - Inflation increases
Increase
Decrease
How did a constitutional amendment alter an aspect of the Electoral College?
The District of Columbia was granted electoral votes despite not being a state.
States were granted additional electoral votes based on the size of their economies.
Electoral votes from the home states of presidential nominees were redistributed to other states.
Citizens living abroad were granted their own block of electoral votes despite not living in a state.
What was one change made by the 1851 Ohio Constitution that affected how the state was governed.
The 1851 Ohio Constitution increased the power of the General Assembly.
The 1851 Ohio Constitution limited the amount of debt the state could accumulate.
The 1851 Ohio Constitution permitted the General Assembly to enact retroactive laws.
The 1851 Ohio Constitution lifted a restriction on how the state could spend its tax funds.
In the United States, rights carry responsibilities.
Select the correct answer that embodies a civic responsibility of a citizen and the right that it safeguards.
Serving on a jury, right to an education.
Donating money to charity, right to read a newspaper.
Attending college, right to an education.
Being active in a political party, right to an impartial jury.
Serving on a jury, right to an impartial jury
What was on way the Constitution was amended to address African American inequality during reconstruction?
By extending citizenship to former slaves.
By permitting the segregation of public facilities.
By providing financial compensation to former slaves.
By appointing African American governors in Southern States.
The Ohio Constitution was rewritten in 1851. The new constitution took away some of the powers of the state legislature.
Under Ohio's original constitution, state legislators had put Ohio into debt by lending money to canal, railroad, and turnpike companies owned by their friends.
How did Ohio's 1851 Constitution address this problem?
The Ohio 1851 Constitution created debt limits.
The Ohio 1851 Constitution banned the state from lending money.
The Ohio 1851 Constitution initiated strict rules on lobbying for legislators.
The 1851 Ohio Constitution declared all of the state's prior debt null and void.
Read the following excerpt:
-- The Supreme Court takes on a case about the Constitutional merits of a law. After hearing arguments for and against the law, they issue a verdict that the law goes against certain provisions of the U.S. Constitution. Once determined unconstitutional, the law is struck down, or voided. --
What kind of practice is exemplified in the above situation.
Judicial Review
Federal appeal
Limited Government
Popular Sovereignty
Read the text from section 1 of the 14th amendment.
-- All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.--
Which statement describes one of the conditions this Reconstruction era amendment was designed to correct?
Freed African American men in the South were still being denied the right to vote.
Freed African American men continued to be denied their rights as American citizens in some states.
Arguing that African American men were not citizens, some southern states tried to reestablish slavery.
African American men in the former Confederacy were permanently denied rights under the Constitution.
The Federal Reserve uses monetary policies to influence the economy.
Identify which policies the federal reserve uses to encourage economic growth.
Lower the discount
Raise the discount rate
Raise reserve requirements
Reduce reserve requirements
The Federal Reserve uses monetary policies to influence the economy.
Identify which policies the federal reserve uses to slow economic growth.
Lower discount rate
Raise discount rate
Raise reserve requirement
Reduce reserve requirement
