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WorksheetsUnit 2 Marathon Runner Review
Total questions: 64
Worksheet time: 2hrs 37mins
Homeostasis
allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment
is a myth
is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment through negative feedback
is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment through positive feedback
Why does pulse rate increase during exercise?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide must be removed from the body ASAP
Gas exchange must happen more quickly than when a person is at rest
Oxygen must be moved to the lungs and carbon dioxide must be moved to cells more quickly
Carbon dioxide must be moved to the kidneys to be excreted
If a person's blood cells shrivel (shrink) their blood is likely ____ in comparison to the cell.
isotonic
hypotonic
hypertonic
If the calcium in your blood decreases below homeostasis levels, a gland in the brain will sense the decrease and send a chemical message to your bones. Your bones will release calcium into the blood, bringing blood calcium levels back up. This is an example of what type of feedback?
Positive Feedback Response
Negative Feedback Loop
The illustration shows the tiny structure that makes up the lungs of the respiratory system. Each lung contains millions of these structures. What is the structure and its function?
bronchi, which allow movement
stomach, which allows digestion of food
alveoli, which exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide through simple diffusion
hypothalamus, which processes sensory information
The graph shows how pulse rate changes with exercise.Which of the following best explains how body systems worked together to create the results shown on the graph?
As the body is able to exercise using the musculoskeletal system, the circulatory system pumps more blood and oxygen throughout the body. The respiratory system takes in more oxygen from the environment and releases carbon dioxide.
As the body breaks down food using the digestive system, the nervous system communicates that the body needs to prevent weight gain by exercising using the musculoskeletal system.
As the body uses its excretory system to eliminate wastes, the digestive system takes in more nutrients used by the endocrine system for growth and development.
As the body’s nervous and endocrine systems are stimulated by exercise, the body’s circulatory system is less able to regulate body temperature.
The systems of the human body work together to maintain homeostasis. Which of the following statements describes how the human body maintains homeostasis within the circulatory system?
The kidneys collect and store the urine which is then released into the blood stream.
Blood vessels expand to help the body shed heat and sweat is released through the skin to maintain a constant body temperature.
The lungs remove oxygen from red blood cells and allow carbon dioxide into the red blood cells.
Veins and arteries supply all parts of the body with nutrient-poor blood and remove the nutrient-rich blood.
An experiment for a new asthma medication was set up. A group of people are given the medication and they record how many asthma attacks they have each day. What is an example of a negative control group for this experiment?
Giving each person a different amount of medicine.
Giving each person a log to keep it in.
Making sure the people all take the pill at the same time of day.
Giving some people a sugar pill instead of the medicine.
An experiment for a new asthma medication was set up. A group of people are given the medication and they record how many asthma attacks they have each day. What is the null hypothesis?
Nobody has asthma.
There is no medication available.
There is no relationship between the medication and asthma attacks.
The number of asthma attacks will decrease with the use of the medication.
Which of these is a product of cellular respiration?
ATP
Carbon dioxide
Water
All of these are a product of cellular respiration
Where does cellular respiration occur?
the cytoplasm
the mitochondria
the chloroplast
the ribosome
Purpose of fermentation is to
make NAD+
make carbon dioxide
oxidize glucose
create a proton gradient
If the ETC was blocked by cyanide what would happen?
the mitochondrion would over heat
excessive NAD+ would build up in the cells and blood
oxygen levels would decrease
NADH and FADH2 would be in high levels
ATP synthase directly uses _____________ to spin in order to connect phosphate onto ADP
diffusion from a hydrogen ion (proton) gradient
diffusion from an electron gradient
active transport of a hydrogen ion (proton) gradient
active transport of an electron gradient
The energy from the energized electrons in NADH and FADH2 is directly used to
allow for facilitated transport of hydrogens into the matrix
do active transport of hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space
connect a phosphate to an ADP
spin the ATP synthase
Which electron carrier makes the most ATP?
ADP because it just needs a phophate
FADH2 because it has two hydrogens
NADH because it releases electrons earlier in ETC
NADPH because it has a P in it
Which of the following describes the secondary structure of proteins?
The sequence of amino acids
The α-helix and β-pleated sheet folding
The folding of the polypeptide chain due to the 'R' groups
The joining of different protein molecules to make one big molecule
Why is folding so important in proteins?
It gives them a unique, functional shape
It makes them look tidier
It makes every protein molecule different from the next even if they are the same type
The folding is random so is not that important at all
Tertiary structure is the interactions of
the 'R' groups
multiple polypeptides
the amino acid backbones
the proteins
The diagram shows a bond forming between two amino acids. What is the name of this reaction and bond?
Dehydration synthesis; peptide bond
Dehydration synthesis; dipeptide bond
Hydrolysis; disaccharide bond
Hydrolysis; dipeptide bond
Which part of this phospholipid is hydrophobic?
fatty acid tails
glycerol and phosphate head
all of it is hydrophobic
none of it is hydrophobic
Which of the following molecules make up the basic structure of a cell membrane?
triglycerides
glycogen
glucose
phospholipids
A "kinky structure" due to the double bonds between carbon atoms creates a lipid subunit known as what?
saturated fatty acid
maltose
polypeptide
unsaturated fatty acid
Which of the following can diffuse through a cell membrane without the assistance of a protein?
large molecules, like glucose
small and uncharged molecules, like CO2
charged molecules, like Na+
large and charged molecules
The solution surrounding the cell in Diagram B, would be defined as:
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
This egg has shrunk, what type of solution was it placed in?
hypotonic solution
hypertonic solution
isotonic solution
Nemo and other ocean dwelling fish cannot survive in freshwater because......
freshwater is hypertonic to Nemo's cells and will result in water leaving them causing the cells to shrink
freshwater is hypotonic to Nemo's cells and will result in water leaving them causing the cells to shrink
freshwater is hypertonic to Nemo's cells and will result in water entering them causing the cells to swell and burst
freshwater is hypotonic to Nemo's cells and will result in water enter them causing the cells to swell and burst
Elodea is a freshwater plant. When it is placed in saltwater what will happen to its cells?
They will become turgid because water is entering the cell, making them firm
They will become flaccid because water is entering and leaving the cell at equal rates, making them a little soft
They will be plasmolyzed because water is leaving the cell, making them shrink significantly
Where do the electrons end up at the end of the ETC?
They go into the ATP to form energy.
They are used up, so disappear
They go into oxygen gas and ultimately form water
They form carbon dioxide gas as a product.
If there is excess glucose of (i.e. more than can be used for cellular respiration), it is first stored in the liver as
insulin
glucagon
glycogen
protein
The pancreas releases insulin and
glycogen
glucagon
glucose
glycolysis
If blood sugar is high, the pancreas releases ____, which triggers the ____ to store glucose as ________.
insulin; liver; glycogen
insulin; liver; glucagon
glucagon; liver; insulin
glycogen; liver; insulin
I. High surface area
II. Thin walls
III. Dry surfaces
An animal cell will __________________ in a hypotonic solution.
swell and perhaps burst (lyse)
shrink
the size of the cell will not change
the size of the cell will change from large to small and from small to large
What is the monomer of a protein?
amino acid
glucose
peptide
monopeptide
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
a monosaccharide, like glucose
a disaccharide, like maltose
a polysaccharide, like glycogen
amino acid
Why aren't lipids considered polymers?
They are too large
They are too small
They have too many Carbon atoms
They don't have repeating subunits connected to each other
Where does the CO2 produced in cellular respiration come from?
The glucose molecule (which turns into pyruvate and then acetyl coA and then CO2)
The oxygen that you breathe in, since it just needs to add a C to it
Glycogen, since that has carbon too
Lactic acid fermentation
