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DNA Structure and Replication

Total questions: 65

Worksheet time: 33mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Who is responsible for producing this image?
a)
Francis Crick
b)
James Watson
c)
Rosalind Franklin
d)
Watson and Crick
2.
What was Watson and Crick's main scientific accomplishment?
a)
Building the first accurate model of DNA
b)
Isolating strains of pneumonia causing bacteria
c)
Determining base pairing rules
d)
Discovering the process of genetic transformation
3.

Which of the following is found in the cells of all living things?

a)

chloroplasts

b)

nucleus

c)

mitochondrion

d)

genetic material

4.

Which of the following molecules holds the information needed to direct cellular processes?

a)

phenylalanine

b)

adenosine triphosphate

c)

chlorophyll

d)

deoxyribonucleic acid

5.

The information in DNA is written according to the genetic code and carried by the -

a)

sequence of nitrogen bases/nucleotides

b)

direction of the phosphate groups

c)

hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases

d)

enzymes which unwind the double helix

6.

What do we call the shape a DNA molecule takes?

a)

double-stranded

b)

double helix

c)

sugar-phosphate backbone

d)

pentagon

7.

What are the names of the large structures of DNA which are used to package the genetic information within cells?

a)

enzymes

b)

ribosomes

c)

chromosomes

d)

vitamins

8.

Which of the following is the correct pairing of nitrogen bases?

a)

A-T, G-C

b)

A-G, T-C

c)

A-C, G-T

d)

A-A, T-T

9.
What type of cell has a nucleus? 
a)
eukaryotic
b)
prokaryotic 
10.

Directs all cell activities through the DNA located there.

a)

Endomembrane System

b)

Nucleus

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Mitochondria

11.

Made up of two layers (an inner and an outer), this acts like a cushiony outer shell of protection.

a)

nucleoplasm

b)

nuclear pores

c)

nuclear membrane

d)

nucleolus

12.

Tiny holes in the nuclear membrane that allow different cellular materials to come in and go out of the cell.

a)

nucleus

b)

nucleoplasm

c)

nucleolus

d)

nuclear pores

13.

Helps assemble ribosomes, which are combinations made of protein and RNA (ribonucleic acid ).

a)

nuclear membrane

b)

nuclear pores

c)

nucleoplasm

d)

nucleolus

14.

A double stranded helix that holds the code for all the cells in the body.

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Chromatin

d)

Nucleus

15.

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

a)

phosphate group, sugar, nitrogen base

b)

phospate group, water, nitrogen base

c)

glycerol, sugar, nitrogen base

d)

adenine, thymine, cytosine

16.

What is the outside of the DNA called?

a)

sugar-phosphate backbone

b)

sugar-phosphate skeleton

c)

sugar-phosphate scapula

d)

sugar-phosphate humerus

17.

True or False: The genetic code is different for every organism.

a)

True

b)

False

18.

Chromatin is made of

a)

DNA

b)

Histones (proteins)

c)

Glucose

d)

Amino Acids

19.

Which scientists created a 3-D model of DNA?

a)

Chargaff

b)

Watson and Crick

c)

Griffith

d)

Avery, McCarty, and McCleod

20.

What sugar is found in DNA?

a)

Deoxyribose

b)

Ribose

c)

Sucrose

d)

Glucose

21.

What type of bond holds the two sides of DNA together?

a)

Ionic

b)

Covalent

c)

Hydrogen

22.

What creates the RUNGS of the DNA ladder?

a)

Sugar

b)

Phosphate

c)

Nitrogen containing base

23.

What are the 3 JOBS of DNA?

a)

Store information

b)

Copy information

c)

Transmit information

d)

Move materials across the cell membrane

24.

DNA replication occurs prior to what cell process?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Cellular respiration

c)

Cell division

25.

What enzyme helps to add the correct bases AND proofread the DNA strands?

a)

Ligase

b)

DNA polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Catalase

26.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
27.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
28.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
29.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
30.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
31.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
32.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
33.
order of replication
a)
3, 2, 1, 4
b)
2, 1, 4, 3
c)
2, 3, 1, 4
d)
3, 4, 1, 2
34.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
35.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
b)
adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
c)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
d)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
36.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

37.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

38.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

39.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the leading strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

40.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

41.

DNA replication runs from ______' to _____' and is said to be ______________________

a)

5, 3, antiparallel

b)

3, 5, antiparallel

c)

5, 3, parallel

d)

3, 5, parallel

42.

Okazaki fragments appear on which strand of DNA during DNA replication?

a)

lagging

b)

leading

43.

DNA polymerase is able to build the new DNA ______ along the leading strand.

a)

continuously

b)

only in short fragments

c)

very slowly

d)

prokaryotically

44.
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides?
a)

Helicase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

45.

Which enzyme is responsible for checking DNA for errors, and fixing it?

a)

DNA Polymerase

b)

Primase

c)

Helicase

d)

RNA Polymerase

46.

Where does the DNA molecule unzip at during DNA replication?

a)

Between the sugar and phosphate

b)

Between the sugar and nitrogen bases

c)

Between the nitrogen bases

47.

Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

a)

The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together

b)

The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.

c)

The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule

d)

The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand

48.

The ends of the chromosome are hard to replicate. They are called:

a)

Centromeres

b)

Telomeres

c)

Comeres

d)

Promeres

49.

Since the ends of the chromosome are hard to replicate, and must be copied in short pieces, the enzyme ________________ helps out.

a)

Telomerase

b)

DNA polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

Helicase

50.
What did Erwin Chargaff conclude from his experiments?
a)
Nitrogen bases are held together by peptide bonds
b)
A and T, C and G always occur in equal amounts
c)
Proteins are the carriers of genetic information
d)
C and G rarely occur in eukaryotic organisms
51.
The work of Erwin Chargaff allowed Watson and Crick to determine the rules of.......
a)
protein synthesis
b)
transcription
c)
hydrogen bonding
d)
nitrogen base pairing
52.

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this template strand
ATG TGA CAG

a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
53.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
54.

The enzyme that unwinds and unzips the DNA to prepare for replication is:

a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
55.
Why is DNA important?
a)

it has proteins that code for genes

b)
it's in everything
c)

it has genes that code for proteins which result in traits

d)
because we eat it every day for energy
56.
What is responsible for holding the two strands of the DNA double helix together?
a)
hydrogen bonds
b)
alleles
c)
London dispersion forces
d)
deoxyribose sugars
57.
Why is it crucial that living things are able to replicate their DNA?
a)
Each cell must have its own DNA
b)
Less copies of DNA are needed when a new cell is created
c)
A cell needs multiple copies of DNA
d)
Only muscle cells need DNA 
58.

The two strands of DNA are

a)

Parallel: run in the same direction

b)

Antiparallel: run in opposite directions

59.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
60.

Structure: What are the parts of a nucleotide?

a)

phosphate, sugar, base

b)

A, T, G, C

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

two base pairs connected

61.

What is the difference between leading and lagging strands?

a)

DNA is synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction on the lagging strand and a 3' to 5' direction on the leading strand

b)

DNA is synthesized in a 3' to 5' direction on the lagging strand and a 5' to 3' direction on the leading strand

c)

DNA is synthesized continuously on the leading strand and discontinuously on the lagging strand

d)

DNA is synthesized discontinuously on the leading strand and continuously on the lagging strand

62.

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA strands?

a)

helicase

b)

DNA polymerase

c)

topoisomerase

d)

ligase

63.
The method of DNA replication is known as:
a)
Semi-conservative
b)
Conservative
c)
Dispersive
d)
Complementary
64.
What type of macromolecule is DNA?
a)
Protein
b)
Lipid
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Nucleic Acid
65.

After DNA replication, the 2 DNA molecules are EACH made of

a)

1 original and 1 new strand

b)

2 original strands

c)

2 new strands

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