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2019 Semester Exam Review: Chapters 5-6

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 4hrs 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

During the Enlightenment, who gained power in government and society?

a)

The Church

b)

The King and Queen

c)

Nobles

d)

Ordinary People

2.

What is another name for the Enlightenment?

a)

The Reformation

b)

Age of Revolutions

c)

Age of Reason

d)

Age of Absolutism

3.

Which was NOT an important principle of the Enlightenment?

a)

The King got his power from God

b)

People are born with guaranteed rights

c)

People should have a say in their government

d)

Government should be limited

4.

The Social Contract says that government gets its power from...

a)

God

b)

The People

c)

The Military

d)

Other Kings and Queens

5.

What type of law guided the Enlightenment thinkers?

a)

Positive Law

b)

Descriptive Law

c)

Divine Law

d)

Natural Law

6.

Which was NOT a Natural Right?

a)

Equality

b)

Life

c)

Liberty

d)

Property

7.

Who authored the theory of Natural Rights?

a)

John Locke

b)

Thomas Hobbes

c)

Jean-jacques Rousseau

d)

Baron de Montesquieu

8.

In his book, Leviathan, what type of government did Hobbes argue was needed to maintain order?

a)

Absolute Monarchy

b)

Constitutional Monarchy

c)

Direct Democracy

d)

Republic

9.

Hobbes believed that government was needed to protect...

a)

Us from ourselves

b)

Our Natural Rights

c)

Us from other nations

d)

Our gold and silver

10.

Locke believed government was needed to protect...

a)

Us from ourselves

b)

our Natural Rights

c)

Us from other nations

d)

Our gold and silver

11.

Where was it argued our Natural Rights came from?

a)

God

b)

The People

c)

Our Military

d)

Our Government

12.

What Enlightenment thinker wrote about Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances?

a)

Denis Diderot

b)

Baron de Montesquieu

c)

Jean-jacques Rousseau

d)

Madame Geoffrin

13.

By the end of the Enlightenment, what city became the center of the philosophical movement?

a)

London

b)

Berlin

c)

Paris

d)

Rome

14.

What were French Enlightenment thinkers referred to as?

a)

Prêtres

b)

Philosophes

c)

Scientifiques

d)

Penseurs

15.

How did most kings and queens respond to Enlightenment writers?

a)

Censored them

b)

Gave them positions in government

c)

Rewarded them with fame and money

d)

Read and studied their works

16.

What do we call kings and queens who accepted Enlightenment ideals and made changes for their subjects?

a)

Tyrants

b)

Robber Barons

c)

Enlightened Despots

d)

Absolute Monarchs

17.

During the Enlightenment, how much changed in the daily life of the ordinary person?

a)

People gained full equality under the law

b)

Nearly nothing changed immediately

c)

The rich became poor and the poor became rich

d)

Life became significantly better

18.

Since the Enlightenment, what do we call our collective understanding of reality?

a)

Philosophy

b)

Science

c)

Religion

d)

Logic

19.

What is science based upon?

a)

Logic

b)

Observations

c)

Divine Revelation

d)

Feelings

20.

Who posthumously predicted the Heliocentric Theory?

a)

Nicolaus Copernicus

b)

Sir Isaac Newton

c)

Galileo Galilei

d)

Tycho Brahe

21.

Who demonstrated the Heliocentric Theory to be true?

a)

Nicolaus Copernicus

b)

Galileo Galilei

c)

Sir Isaac Newton

d)

Tycho Brahe

22.

What was the outcome of Galileo's Trial before the Inquisition?

a)

Galileo was put to death as a heretic

b)

Galileo retracted his findings and was placed under house arrest

c)

Galileo was found innocent of heresy and released

d)

Galileo refused to retract his findings and was tortured

23.

What does the Heliocentric Theory say?

a)

The earth is the center of the universe and all planets move around it

b)

The earth revolves around the sun, which is the center of our solar system

c)

There is no center to the universe, no planets move

d)

The earth is the only planet in the universe

24.

Who is the teacher in the Scientific Method?

a)

A professor

b)

The Church

c)

The government

d)

The student

25.

Identify the two discoverers of the Scientific Method.

a)

Francis Bacon

b)

Sir Isaac Newton

c)

Rene Descartes

d)

Nicolaus Copernicus

e)

Galileo Galilei

26.

Who compiled Enlightenment ideals into "le Encyclopedie"?

a)

Denis Diderot

b)

Madame Geoffrin

c)

Jean-jacques Rousseau

d)

Voltaire

27.

What were French centers for Enlightenment discussions called?

a)

Salons

b)

Réunions

c)

Rendez-vous

d)

Maison

28.

Who was the most prominent host of salons?

a)

Madame Geoffrin

b)

Mary Wollstonecraft

c)

Olympe de Gouges

d)

Marie Antoinette

29.

Who described the elliptical orbital patterns of planets?

a)

Johannes Kepler

b)

Tycho Brahe

c)

Nicolaus Copernicus

d)

Sir Isaac Newton

30.

Who described the theory of Universal Relative Gravity?

a)

Johannes Kepler

b)

Tycho Brahe

c)

Nicolaus Copernicus

d)

Sir Isaac Newton

31.

What type of law is science?

a)

Positive Law

b)

Natural Law

c)

Descriptive Law

d)

Divine Law

32.

What nation is the oldest and maybe best example of an Enlightenment government?

a)

The United States of America

b)

The United Kingdom

c)

Germany

d)

The French Republic

33.

Who was the British king at the beginning of the American Revolution?

a)

George III

b)

Henry VIII

c)

Charles II

d)

James I

34.

What act followed the French & Indian War and prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachain Mountains?

a)

Sugar Act

b)

Townshend Act

c)

Intolerable Acts

d)

Proclamation Act

35.

What act was a response to the Boston Tea Party?

a)

Sugar Act

b)

Townshend Act

c)

Proclamation Act

d)

Intolerable Acts

36.

How many representatives did the American colonists have in Parliament?

a)

0

b)

1 per colony

c)

2 per colony

d)

It was based upon population

37.

What percentage of American colonists favored separation from England?

a)

25%

b)

40%

c)

60%

d)

90%

38.

What was the first battle of the American Revolution?

a)

Lexington

b)

Saratoga

c)

Yorktown

d)

Trenton

39.

What battle persuaded France and Spain to assist the Patriots?

a)

Lexington

b)

Yorktown

c)

Saratoga

d)

Trenton

40.

What battle was fought on Christmas Eve and inspired Patriots to sign up for another year of military service?

a)

Yorktown

b)

Trenton

c)

Saratoga

d)

Lexington

41.

Where was the camp that the Continental Army spent the winter of 1776-1777 strengthening their fighting skills?

a)

Gettysburg

b)

Valley Forge

c)

Camp David

d)

Fort Pitt

42.

At what major battle did General Cornwallis surrender, effectively ending the American Revolution?

a)

Lexington

b)

Saratoga

c)

Yorktown

d)

Trenton

43.

What type of fighting did the Continental Army use?

a)

Traditional

b)

Guerrilla

c)

Mobile Cavalry

d)

Heavy Naval

44.

What treaty ended the American Revolution?

a)

Treaty of Paris

b)

Treaty of Versailles

c)

Treaty of Ghent

d)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

45.

What type of government did the US Constitution set up?

a)

Absolute Monarchy

b)

Direct Democracy

c)

Tribal Oligarchy

d)

Federal Republic

46.

Who was the commander of the Continental Army and the first President of the United States?

a)

Thomas Jefferson

b)

James Madison

c)

George Washington

d)

Benjamin Franklin

47.

What British Enlightenment thinker believed that if a government failed to serve its citizens, they had the "right to revolution"?

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

John Locke

c)

Mary Wollstonecraft

d)

Jeremy Bentham

48.

Which Founding Father is generally credited as the author of the Declaration of Independence?

a)

Thomas Jefferson

b)

James Madison

c)

George Washington

d)

Benjamin Franklin

49.

Which Founding Father is considered to be the Father of the Constitution due to his role in writing the document?

a)

Thomas Jefferson

b)

James Madison

c)

George Washington

d)

Benjamin Franklin

50.

Which Founding Father negotiated the treaty that ended the American Revolution and was referred to as the First American?

a)

Thomas Jefferson

b)

James Madison

c)

George Washington

d)

Benjamin Franklin

51.
The French phrase, Ancien Regime, means _____. It was the pre-revolution social system where French society was divided into three distinct classes.  
a)
Traditional System
b)
Old Order
c)
Caste System
d)
New Colonies
52.
French social classes were known as…
a)
Castes
b)
Plates
c)
Estates
d)
Societies
53.
In an attempt to stimulate the French economy, the government took on more debt by spending more money. This is called…
a)
Deficit Spending
b)
Trickle-Down Economics
c)
Intending
d)
Fail-Safing
54.
Who was the inept, weak king of France leading up to the French Revolution?
a)
Charles X
b)
Henry IV
c)
Louis XVI
d)
Phillip II
55.
Which is NOT true of Marie-Antoinette?
a)
She was French.
b)
Her nickname was Madame Deficit, because she spent a lot of money.
c)
She was a member of the Hapbsurg family.
d)
She was widely known for her beauty.
56.
What popular finance minister wished to tax the wealthier classes to get more money for the government? (He was soon fired!)
a)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
b)
Jean-Paul Marat
c)
Jacques Necker
d)
Napoleon Bonaparte
57.
Which of the following is true of the Estates-General?
a)
  It executed the king.
b)
It was very radical.
c)
It gave no real power to the common people.
d)
It met regularly.
58.
Middle and lower class Frenchmen wrote down their critiques of the Estates-General in notebooks called…
a)
Cahiers
b)
Culottes
c)
Fromages
d)
Pains
59.
When realizing that their needs were being ignored at the Estates-General of 1789, the common people created their own legislature called the…
a)
Legislative Assembly
b)
National Assembly
c)
The Consulate
d)
The Directory
60.
The Frenchmen vowed to create a new constitution that would protect the everyday citizen of France, called the _____________________ Oath.
a)
Chess Table
b)
Handball Court
c)
Tennis Court
d)
Soccer Field
61.
What symbol of tyranny (oppression, absolute rule) became a target of an angry Parisian mob on July 14, 1789?
a)
Paris Commune
b)
Le Louvre
c)
Arc de Triomphe
d)
Le Bastille
62.
Who emerged as a “Hero of Two Worlds”, taking charge of the people’s National Guard, a revolutionary army in France?
a)
Maximilien Robespierre
b)
Le Marquis de Lafayette
c)
Georges Jacques Danton
d)
Jean-Paul Marat
63.
What are groups of people who have different desires during a revolution called?
a)
Formations
b)
Factions
c)
Flights
d)
Frondes
64.
The Legislative Assembly turned France into a(n) _________________________.
a)
Absolute Monarchy
b)
Dictatorship
c)
Limited Monarchy
d)
Republic
65.
  A republic is a form of what type of government?
a)
Democracy
b)
Monarchy
c)
Dictatorship
d)
Anarchy
66.
The most radical group of the revolution were known as the…
a)
Louisiennes
b)
Jacobins
c)
Philosophes
d)
Cavaliers
67.
Which of the following would least likely be an émigré during the radical portion of the French Revolution?
a)
Priests
b)
Royalty
c)
Nobles
d)
Peasants
68.
What was the First Estate?
a)
Roman Catholic Clergy
b)
Nobility
c)
Sans Culottes
d)
Peasants
69.
What was the name of the radical legislature that established the Reign of Terror and ultimately executed the king?
a)
The Consulate
b)
The Directory
c)
Congress of Vienna
d)
National Convention
70.
What was the nickname of the guillotine during the Reign of Terror?
a)
The Equalizer
b)
The National Razor
c)
The Revolutionary Knife
d)
The Edge
71.
Who emerged as the de facto leader of the revolution during its most radical days?
a)
Napoleon Bonaparte
b)
Georges-Jacques Danton
c)
Maximilien Robespierre
d)
Jean-Paul Marat
72.
What government was overthrown by Napoleon and his army?
a)
The Consulate
b)
The Directory
c)
Congress of Vienna
d)
National Convention
73.
Napoleon’s takeover of government is an example of a(n)…
a)
Abdication
b)
Ambush
c)
Coup d'Etat
d)
Revolution
74.
Which group did NOT benefit from Napoleon’s reign and his Napoleonic Code?
a)
Peasants
b)
Middle Class Workers
c)
Clergy
d)
Women
75.
What means “to add land” (usually peacefully)?
a)
Abdicate
b)
Annex
c)
Cede
d)
Coup d'Etat
76.
At what battle did the British Royal Navy defeat the French fleet?
a)
Battle of Nations
b)
Battle of Leipzig
c)
Battle of Waterlo
d)
Battle of Trafalgar
77.
What was Napoleon’s economic warfare on England called?
a)
Continental System
b)
Guerrilla System
c)
Scorched-Earth System
d)
Deficit System
78.
At what battle was Napoleon defeated once and for all?
a)
Battle of Nations
b)
Battle of Leipzig
c)
Battle of Waterloo
d)
Battle of Trafalgar
79.
Along with the Prussian General Blücher, who defeated Napoleon during his final battle?
a)
Duke of Wellington
b)
Czar Alexander I
c)
Michel Ney
d)
Le Marquis de Lafayette
80.
What was the name of the meeting of European powers that sought to restore order to post-Napoleon Europe?
a)
Congress of London
b)
Congress of Vienna
c)
Diet of Worms
d)
Council of Trent
81.
  Upon the removal of Napoleon from power, what type of government was selected by European powers to rule the nations that used to be ruled by the dictator?
a)
Monarchy
b)
Democracy
c)
Anarchy
d)
Theocracy
82.
Identify which of the following was NOT a cause of the French Revolution.
a)
Foreign Invasions
b)
War Debts
c)
Bad Harvest
d)
Poor Leadership
83.
What was the Second Estate?
a)
Roman Catholic Clergy
b)
Nobility
c)
Bourgeoisie
d)
Peasants
84.
Which of the following were NOT in the Third Estate?
a)
Sans Culottes
b)
Peasants
c)
Bourgeoisie
d)
Boyars
85.
What was the name of the foremost advocate for womens’ rights during the French Revolution? (She was even executed for writing on the subject.)
a)
Melodie Clouet
b)
Olympe de Gouges
c)
Clarisse Patrisse
d)
Simonette Louvieaux
86.
Who was the Russian czar who was initially allied with Napoleon, but eventually defended his empire versus Napoleon’s Grand Army?
a)
Alexander I
b)
Nikolay II
c)
Ivan IV
d)
Peter I
87.
What is a pride in one's nation known as?
a)
Nationalism
b)
Xenophobia
c)
Ethnocentrism
d)
Radicalism
88.
Which TWO European nations escaped the grasp of  Napoleon's Empire?
a)
Russia & Germany
b)
Russia & England
c)
England & Spain
d)
Germany & Italy
89.
What nation was Napoleon Bonaparte from?
a)
France
b)
Corsica
c)
Spain
d)
England
90.
What percentage of the population was the Third Estate?
a)
1%
b)
2%
c)
67%
d)
97%

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