Which word means the imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole that passes through Greenwich, England?

What shows the distance in degrees north and south of the equator?

What is one half of the sphere that makes up the Earth's surface?

What is a sphere that represents Earth's entire surface?

What is the distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian?

What is the imaginary line that circles the earth halfway between the North and South Poles?

How are distances on earth measured?

How do longitude and latitude lines help us?

Why do mapmakers put symbols on maps?

The energy that produces waves comes from

The process by which rock fragments are picked up by glaciers is called

The process by which wind removes surface materials is called

What type of glacier is long and narrow and forms when ice and snow build up high in a mountain valley?

Wind can cause erosion through

The process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another.

When agents of erosion deposit, or lay down sediment

Any one of several processes that move sediment downhill

Water that moves over the land and carries particles with it.

Grooves in the soil caused by runoff.

What do we call material moved by erosion?

Which type of mass movement happens very slowly?

Water is an agent of erosion.

Gravity is an agent of erosion.

Waves are an agent of erosion.

Sediment is an agent of erosion.

In which type of mass movement can soil behave like a liquid and start flowing?

Landslides happen slowly.

Does planting crops increase or decrease runoff?

Cutting down trees increases or decreases runoff?

Flattening land increases or decreases runoff.

Paving an area increases or decreases runoff.

Rills come together to form _

What is a stream or river that flows into a larger river?

What force causes all forms of mass movement?

The cycle of erosion and deposition work together to nearly level the land surface.

Weathering is a major process that shapes Earth's surface.

Erosion is a major process that shapes Earth's surface.

Deposition is a major process that shapes Earth's surface.

Sediment is a major process that shapes Earth's surface.

Geologists believe that the geological that the geological processes that operate today are the same process that operated in the past.

The type of weathering that physically breaks rock into smaller pieces.

Loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.

The wearing away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity.

A layer of soil that differs in color and texture.

Which horizon is formed as plants add organic materials from the humus above to the soil and plant roots weather rock?

The solid rock layer beneath the soil which is also the most common component of the soil.

The layer of soil formed when rain washes material down from the A horizon (topsoil).

crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other materials.

usually consists of clay and other particles of rock

the process of wearing down and carrying away rock

The agents of which type of weathering include water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, living organisms, and acid rain?

Which form of mechanical weathering involves water freezing and thawing in cracks in the rock that eventually break apart the rock?

the height above sea level of a point on Earth's surface

the shape of land

flat or gently rolling land with low relief

A large area of land for which the topography is mainly one type of landform.

a landform that has a high elevation and a more or less level surface.

What kind of relief do plains have?

What landform has high elevation and high relief?

Which landform has high elevation and low relief?

Tennessee has 3 types of landform regions: mountain, upland or plateau, and which other type?

Which of the mountain groupings is the largest?

The process of gathering data for a map by using instruments and the principles of geometry to determine distance and elevation

One bit of a digitized image, often appearing as a small dot or square.

converting information to numbers for use by a computer

A photograph taken by cameras mounted on airplanes.

a picture on the land surface based on computer data collected from satellites

Which uses satellite data to help people locate exactly where they are on or above Earth?

A geographic information system is a system of which of the following?

Global _ System is made up of two main parts: orbiting satellites and a receiver.

Which horizon contains the bedrock that has begun to weather and break into smaller particles?

What is a cartographer?

Maps are made from a variety of sources including aerial photographs, satellite data, and _

What happens when wind slows down or meets and obstacle?

Which landform is a long narrow island parallel to the coast?

What is responsible for the flowing of runoff and other materials downhill, the pulling of a glacier downhill, and mass movement?

What is desert pavement?

The times in the past when continental glaciers covered a large part of Earth's surface.

What is a large mass of ice that moves slowly over land?

Loess is a sediment made of fine particles that have been deposited by _?

How do waves erode land?

What is the term for deposits by a glacier?

A valley glacier spreads out over a large island or continent.

Wave erosion can create landforms such as beaches and deltas?

Wind erosion and deposition may form sand dunes and loess deposits.

Sometimes when a sea arch collapses, a sea cave remains.

Plant roots can help anchor sand dunes in one place.

The shape of a sand dune is determined by the direction of the wind.

the part of Earth that contains living organisms

Sphere that contains all of Earth's water

the thin envelope of gases forming Earth's outermost layer

a group of parts that work together as a whole

What are the two main sources of Earth's energy?

What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth's layers?

Which of Earth's layers is the thickest?

a dark rock with fine grains

A wave produced by an earthquake

a rock with light color and course grain

What is the make up of Earth's inner core?

What do we call the constant transfer of that moves energy up toward the surface when hot and down when cold?

What is energy?

a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition

a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again

a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface

a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed together

a type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions

Which term is used to describe how light is reflected from a mineral's surface?

ranking of minerals from the softest to the hardest is known as the

About how many rock-forming minerals make up most of the rocks of Earth's crust?

What term best describes how a rock's surface looks and feels?