Which layer is the oldest?

Which layer is the youngest?

What is the correct geologic sequence of the rock strata from oldest to youngest?

When interpreting these rock layers, the theory of superposition says the __________ rock layers are on the bottom and the __________ on top.

From studying the diagram, what can you tell about the rock strata.

The _______ age gives the exact age of an organism or rock layer using methods such as carbon or radiometric dating while the _______ age is an estimate of the age compared to nearby rock layers.

Paleontologists study ___________ as evidence of how life has changed or ________ over time.

According to the geologic time scale, how old is the Earth?

What were the first living things to appear according to the geologic time scale?

Which Era is best known for its dinosaurs?

Modern scientific evidence suggests which species is most closely related to dinosaurs?

What Era and is modern day?

Whales, Peppered moths, and Galapagos finches are all examples of how species evolved due to changes in the ______.

Whales share a common ancestor with which of the following species?

The study on whale evolution says that whales evolved from ancient land _______.

The Peppered Moth Study : Industrial Melanism is a term used to describe the adaptation of a population in response to pollution. One example of rapid industrial melanism occurred in populations of peppered moths in the area of Manchester, England from 1845 to 1890. Before the industrial revolution, the trunks of the trees in the forest around Manchester were light grayish-green due to the presence of lichens. Most of the peppered moths in the area were light colored with dark spots. As the industrial revolution progressed, the tree trunks became covered with soot (chimney smoke) and turned dark. Over a period of 45 years, … What color moths became more common and why?

Several species of modern whales have well-developed rear limbs while embryos. As the embryo continues to mature, these limbs atrophy or shrink and become nonfunctional. Why do you suppose this happens? (Why do you suppose these limbs develop then shrink?)

The diagram below shows the limbs of several species of animals. Evolutionary scientists call these homologous structures. Scientists think this is evidence that all species ____________.

________ ______ is studying and comparing the pre-birth stages of various species.

Homologous structure or Vestigial structure?

 “Eyes” in Blind Cave Fish ________

Homologous structure or Vestigial structure?

“Humerus” Bone in a Whale Flipper & in a Human Arm

Homologous structure or Vestigial structure?

A body part that is from a common ancestor of different animals, but have different purposes.

Vestigial or homologous structure? A body part that is left over from evolutionary past but is not fully developed and does not serve the same purpose as before?

Vestigial or homologous structures?

A whale has flippers to swim, while cats have the same structure to walk.

Vestigial or homologous structures?

Tonsils, wisdom teeth, appendix, and male nipples

______________ is studying and comparing the pre-birth stages of various species.

Examples of evidence from embryology which supports common ancestry include the ____________ present in all early vertebrate embryos.

The __________ disappear in all species but fish after birth.

__________are the only species that do not have tails after the embryonic stage of development.

The pre-birth stage of development where critical organs and body structures form, in humans this is the first 11 weeks of development.

Scientists use the above evidence to explain that all species ______.

The Galapago Finch Study (Darwin’s Finches): Charles Darwin stated that all species have similarities because we all came from a common ancestor. The changes in species were a result of environmental factors like climate and availability of food. Many years later, Scientists Peter and Rosemary Grant revisit and study the Galapagos finches over several years. They find changes in the finch population’s beaks over the years.

How did the Galapagos finch beaks exemplify adaptation and natural selection?

The Mexican Tetra or “Blind Cave Fish”: The blind cavefish of Central America have eye sockets where the eyes once were. Scientists think these fish lost their eyes because they were not being used therefore the extra energy that would usually be used by the eyes is generated elsewhere in the fish. They live in the darkness of caves and yet survive by using their sense of vibration to gather food like snails and worms.

The cavefish “eyes” are called ______________ structures. These structures disappeared because ________________________?

The Glowing Jellyfish and Fireflies: Fireflies and Glowing Jellyfish “glow”. This is called bioluminescence. Bioluminescence is a result of oxygen combining with calcium, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the chemical luciferin in the presence of luciferase, a bioluminescent enzyme. How is this glow used by these species?

Bioluminescence is a type of __________.

Which of the following is probably the best explanation for the fact that Antarctic penguins cannot fly, although there is evidence that millions of years ago their ancestors could do so?

Humans typically have this many total chromosomes…

What is the genotype of the male sex chromosomes?

What is the genotype of the female sex chromosomes?

A ___________ is a photograph of chromosomes grouped and matched in ordered pairs.

Normally humans have ____ pairs of chromosomes.

The 23rd pair of chromosomes are called ___________.

Based on the following karyotype, locate the mutation.

Which statement is NOT true about Karyotypes?

Sex-linked disorders involve chromosome number___.

 Bill has a round nose. Round noses are homozygous dominant (NN). If Sally has a straight nose, what is her genotype?

Genotypes are NN for round nose and nn for pointy nose. What % of this couple’s kids will have the recessive trait? (Use scratch paper if needed)

If red apples are dominant (Aa) and green apples are recessive (aa). Out of 4 apple "offspring", how many would you expect to be green in the Punnett Square?

Rick's father has round ears, but his mother has pointy ears. Ricks grandfather had pointy ears, which are recessive. Rick has round ears. What is his genotype?

Which will be the alleles of the (?) mark box?

Which alleles are homozygous dominant?

Which alleles are homozygous recessive?

Which alleles are heterozygous?

What percentage of the couples kids will have the dominant trait?

Any change in the DNA sequence is called a __________.