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ESS Final Exam PART 2 Review

Total questions: 48

Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Assume you began with 10 g of a radioactive parent isotope. How many grams of parent isotope will be present in the sample after 2 half-lives?
a)
5.0 g
b)
2.5 g
c)
1.25 g
d)
0.63 g
2.
Based on the observed redshifts in the spectral lines of distant galaxies, what have astronomers concluded about the motion of the universe?
a)
Earth is in the center of the universe
b)
the universe is expanding
c)
the universe is smaller than once believed
d)
the universe is contracting
3.
Climate varies over space and time through _.
a)
natural processes
b)
both natural and man-made processes
c)
man-made processes
d)
solar processes
4.

From 1895 to 2015, what best describes Michigan's average temperature?

a)

decreased from 45.5F to 42.5F

b)

increased every year

c)

increased from 40F to 48F

d)

increased from 42.5F to 45.5F

5.

humans are causing much of the climate change

a)

true

b)

false

6.

In 2014, Renewable energy sources made up what approximate percentage in the U.S.?

a)

1%

b)

13%

c)

20%

d)

39%

7.
In a stream channel, which of the following will be deposited first when a stream loses energy?
a)
clay-sized particles
b)
the dissolved load
c)
gravel-sized particles
d)
fine sand and silt
8.
Planetary orbits in our solar system are what shape?
a)
elliptical
b)
circular
c)
parabolic
d)
hyperbolic
9.

Plate movements are responsible for which of the following? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

a)

the distribution of most rocks & minerals within Earth's crust

b)

most continental features

c)

most erosion and weathering features

d)

most ocean-floor features

10.
the causes of climate change are unclear
a)
true
b)
false
11.
The oldest rocks are found where in a sequence of undisturbed rocks?
a)
At the top
b)
At the bottom
c)
cannot be determined
d)
In the middle
12.
the speed of climate change is too fast for many plants and animals
a)
true
b)
false
c)
HAMSTERS
13.
the speed of climate change is very gradual for many plants and animals
a)
true
b)
false
c)
TORTILLA
14.

What best describes Michigan's average temperature change from the 20th century average?

a)

-1.0 to -0.5 degrees F change

b)

0.0 to 0.5 degrees F change

c)

0.5 to 1.0 degrees F change

d)

1.0 to 2.0 degrees F change

15.
What causes thermal convection cells to move?
a)
heating of a material causes less dense material to rise, and cooler more dense material to sink
b)
hamsters and other organisms in the soil
c)
the rotation of the Earth
d)
gravitational pull of the moon
16.
What characteristic impacts a stream's ability to erode and transport material?
a)
length of the stream
b)
velocity of the stream
c)
density of the stream
d)
width of the stream
17.
What does plate tectonics explain about the movements of Earth’s crust?
a)
past movements
b)
current movements
c)
both the past and current movements
d)
continental movements
18.
What does The Big Bang Theory model predict about the ratio of lighter elements to heaver elements?
a)
more of the lighter elements, less of the heavier of elements
b)
an equal distribution of lighter and heavier elements
c)
less of the lighter elements, more of the heavier of elements
d)
more of the heavier elements in the early universe which become lighter over time
19.
What does the nebular hypothesis attempts to explain?
a)
How dark energy formed
b)
How the solar system formed
c)
How rocks formed
d)
How dark matter formed
20.

What Earth & Space Science concept is demonstrated with the FIGURE?

a)

tornado

b)

continental drift

c)

radioactive decay

d)

convection cell

21.
What happens to the volume of water when it freezes?
a)
the volume cannot be determined when its frozen
b)
the volume increases
c)
the volume decreases
d)
the volume stays the same
22.

The inner core is which location in the FIGURE?

a)

Location A

b)

Location B

c)

Location C

d)

Location D

23.

The outer core is which location in the FIGURE?

a)

Location A

b)

Location B

c)

Location C

d)

Location D

24.

The mantle is which location in the FIGURE?

a)

Location A

b)

Location B

c)

Location C

d)

Location D

25.

The crust is which location in the FIGURE?

a)

Location A

b)

Location B

c)

Location C

d)

Location D

26.
What is the approximate age of our planet?
a)
4.5 million years old
b)
13.7 billion years old
c)
6,000 years old
d)
4.5 billion years old
27.
What is the correct sequence of Earth’s basic layers (inside to outside)?
a)
inner core > outer core > mantle > crust
b)
outer core > inner core > mantle >crust
c)
crust > inner core > outer core > mantle
d)
crust > mantle > outer core > inner core
28.
What is the heaviest element that can be created by fusion in the core of a star?
a)
iron
b)
oxygen
c)
silver
d)
carbon
29.
What is the likely origin of Earth's moon?
a)
Earth's gravity captured it from the Asteroid Belt
b)
A small planet collision knocked out a chunk of Earth
c)
A passing comet
d)
It formed near Earth in the early solar system
30.

What is the original source of all elements heavier than iron?

a)

The Big Bang

b)

supernovae

c)

The ocean floor

d)

The atmosphere

31.
What is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate system?
a)
magnetism
b)
plate tectonics
c)
the sun
d)
geothermal
32.
What is the primary type of heat transfer within the Earth’s interior?
a)
convection
b)
electromagnetic radiation
c)
solid conduction
d)
liquid conduction
33.
What movement of Earth is responsible for night and day?
a)
rotation
b)
revolution
c)
precession
d)
perigee
34.
What process inside the sun produces it’s energy?
a)
nuclear fusion
b)
photosynthesis
c)
nuclear fission
d)
glycolysis
35.
What two forces can cause objects in the solar system to change their orbits?
a)
nuclear fusion & collisions
b)
gravitaional effects & collisions
c)
electromagnetic radiation & collisions
d)
nuclear fission & electromagnetic radiation
36.
What will happen to an object’s perceived wavelength as the object moves toward you?
a)
The wavelength will vary.
b)
The wavelength will be lengthened.
c)
The wavelength will not change.
d)
The wavelength will be shortened.
37.
Which of following is NOT a data sources of past climates?
a)
tree rings
b)
ice melt and thaw records
c)
ice core samples
d)
blooming plants records
e)
dental records
38.

Which of the following are factors that affect the rate of weathering in rocks? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

a)

climate

b)

rock characteristics

c)

amount of exposed surface area

d)

biological evolution

39.

Which of the following do support the Big Bang Theory?

a)

redshift of light from all galaxies

b)

cosmic background radiation

c)

high number of lighter elements compared to heavier elements

d)

pulsars

40.

Which of these activities are a source of increased carbon dioxide and methane being released into the atmosphere? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

a)

burning trees

b)

burning of fossil fuels

c)

livestock such as cattle

d)

depletion of the ozone layer

41.

Which of these are the impacted by plate tectonics? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

a)

location of volcanoes

b)

distribution of plant & animal species

c)

movement of continents

d)

formation of mountains

42.
Which of these is an important source of evidence for the early formation of the solar system and planets?
a)
meteorites
b)
experimental data
c)
fossils
d)
location of mountain chains
43.

Which two sources provide most of Earth’s energy in the mantle?

a)

solar energy & radioactive decay in the Earth

b)

leftover thermal energy from Earth’s formation & solar energy

c)

wind energy & renewable energy

d)

radioactive decay in the Earth & leftover thermal energy from Earth’s formation

44.
If an orbiting body is closer to its star, what can be said about its orbital velocity?
a)
orbital speed cannot be calculated in an ellipse
b)
orbital speed decreases closer to the sun
c)
orbital speed increases closer to the sun
d)
orbital speed remains constant
45.

The black line represents a baseline "average" planet transit. Which FIGURE would BEST demonstrate a BIGGER planet transiting a star?

a)
b)
c)
d)
46.

Which layer is the youngest?

a)

top soil

b)

gravel

c)

intrusion

d)

granite

47.

Which layer is the oldest?

a)

top soil

b)

gravel

c)

intrusion

d)

granite

48.

Which layer is younger?

a)

orange rock

b)

gravel

c)

intrusion

d)

sandstone

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