information that you obtain through your senses

a proposed answer to a question

the variable that causes a change in another

the variable that changes in response to the manipulated variable

an experiment in which only one variable, the manipulated variable, is deliberately changed at a time and the responding variable is observed while all other variables are kept constant

a well tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental results.

a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature

representation of an object or event

a way of expressing a value as a product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10

the straight line distance between two points

the quantity of matter in an object

the amount of space taken up by an object

the ratio of an object's mass to its volume

a ratio of equivalent measurements that is used to convert a quantity expressed in one unit to another unit

a gauge of how exact a measurement is

the closeness of a measurement to the actual value of what is being measured

the steepness of a line caused by the ratio of a vertical change to the corresponding horizontal change

a relationship in which the ratio of two variables is constant

a relationship in which the product of two variables is a constant

The state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and a definite volume

The state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but not a definite shape

The state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume

The energy an object has due to its motion

the result of a force distributed over an area

A temperature of 0 Kelvin

the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins if the pressure and the number of particles of the gas are constant

the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if the temperature and the number of particles are constant

the reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another

a change where the system absorbs energy from its surroundings

The amount of energy it takes to melt 1g of a substance

a change in which the system releases energy to its surroundings

the phase change in which a substances changes from a liquid to a gas

the amount of energy it takes to vaporize 1 gram of a substance

the process that changes a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below the substances boiling point

the pressure caused by the collisions of vapor particles and the walls of the container

the phase change in which a substance changes from a gas or a vapor to a liquid

the phase change in which a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid without first changing to a liquid

Matter that always has exactly the same composition

a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

the smallest particle of an element

a substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances

the parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another

the substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another

when substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture

a heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time

contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension

any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material

a material's ability to allow heat to flow

the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering

The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid

same as the freezing point

A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles

A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling point

occurs when some of the properties of a material change, but the substance in the material remain the same

any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter

a material's ability to burn in the presence of oxygen

the property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances

occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances

any solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture

All matter exist of extremely small particles that cannot be divided

the theory that all matter is made up of individual particles called atoms which cannot be divided

Provided the first evidence that atoms are made of even smaller particles

all of an atom's positive charge is concentrated in its nucleus

a dense, positively charged mass located in the center of the atom

a positively charged subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom

a negatively charged subatomic particle that is found in the space outside the nucleus

a neutral subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom

equals the number of protons in an atom of that element

the sum of the protons and neutrons in t the nucleus of the atom

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and different mass numbers

the possible energies that electrons in an atom can have

a visual model of the most likely locations for electrons in an atom

a region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found

the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom

when all the electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies

an arrangement of elements in columns, based on a set of properties that repeat row to row

Each row in the table of elements

Each column of the periodic table

pattern of repeating properties in the periodic table

one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat

elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current

elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals

an electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom

elements in group 1A. These metals have a single valence electron and are extremely reactive

Elements in group 2A. These metals have 2 valence electrons

the elements in group 7A.

The elements in group 8A.

a model of an atom in which each dot represents a valence electron

An atom that has a net positive or negative charge

An ion with a negative charge

An ion with a positive charge

the force that holds cations and anions together

the force that holds atoms or ions together as a unit

a notation that shows what elements a compound contains and the ratio of the atoms or ions of these elements in the compound

solids whose particles are arranged in a lattice structure

a chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of valence electrons

a neutral group of atoms that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds

a covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally