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WorksheetsReview for Midterm
Total questions: 84
Worksheet time: 52mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
The tendency for research participants to respond in a certain way because they know they are being observed or know what the researcher wants
a)
Research Bias
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
Hathorne Effect
d)
Sampling Bias
2.
For there to be a high probability that our results are NOT due to chance the statistical significance must be
a)
< = .5
b)
< = .1
c)
> = .05
d)
< = .05
3.
The biggest danger of relying on case-study evidence is that it
a)
is based on naturalistic observation.
b)
may be unrepresentative of what is generally true.
c)
overestimates the importance of operational definitions.
d)
leads us to underestimate the causal relationships between events.
4.
Which of the following is a positive correlation?
a)
Gas mileage decreases as vehicle weight increases
b)
As levels of self-esteem decline, levels of depression increase
c)
As study time decreases, students achieve lower grades
d)
People who exercise regularly are less likely to be obese
5.
These carry signals from tissues and organs to the brain and spinal cord
a)
Sensory Neurons
b)
Motor Neurons
c)
Efferent Neurons
d)
Glial Cells
6.
When a neuron is at rest, the area inside the cell is _______ and the area outside the cell is _______.
a)
positively charged; negatively charged
b)
negatively charged; positively charged
c)
small; large
d)
large; small
7.
also known as motor nerves...
a)
dendrites
b)
afferent nerves
c)
bones
d)
efferent nerves
8.
What does the cerebellum help maintain?
a)
body temperature
b)
emotions
c)
motor output
d)
balance
9.
The ___ helps decide what memories transfer from the short to long term memory.
a)
Hippocampus
b)
Corpus Callosum
c)
Hypothalamus
d)
Cerebellum
10.
The ____ nervous system controls unconscious activities.
a)
somatic
b)
sympathetic
c)
parasympathetic
d)
autonomic
11.
A functional MRI (fMRI) and a PET scan both:
a)
provide a way to measure the functioning and activity of the brain.
b)
produce black and white scans of the brain’s structures.
c)
create selective injuries that allow researchers to study brain function.
d)
provide detailed computerized interpretations of brain dysfunctions.
12.
The part of the brain that controls life-sustaining functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, and swallowing, is the:
a)
cerebral cortex.
b)
cerebellum.
c)
medulla.
d)
hippocampus.
13.
Neurotransmitter that controls muscle movement.
a)
GABA
b)
Serotonin
c)
Dopamine
d)
Acetycholine (ACh)
14.
What would you use to find which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task?
a)
MRI
b)
PET
c)
EEG
d)
CT
15.
Which part of the neuron receives information and conducts it towards the cell body?
a)
Synapse
b)
Axon terminal
c)
Dendrites
d)
Nucleus
16.
Reward centers trigger the release of what neurotransmitter?
a)
Acetycholine
b)
Serotonin
c)
Dopamine
d)
Norepinephrine
17.
A molecule that stimulates a response by binding to a receptor site is an...
a)
Agonist
b)
Antagonist
c)
Axon
d)
Ion
18.
Broca's Area is found in the __.
a)
Right frontal lobe
b)
temporal lobe
c)
occipital lobe
d)
left frontal lobe
19.
The limbic system includes the __.
a)
Cerebellum, Pons, Medulla
b)
Hippocampus, Amygdala, Hypothalamus
c)
Spinal cord, corpus callosum, amygdala
d)
reticular formation, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex
20.
Which neurotransmitter affects moods such as hunger, sleep, and arousal?
a)
Acetylcholine
b)
GABA
c)
Glutamate
d)
Serotonin
21.
After a car swerves in front of you on the highway, you notice that your heart is still racing, even though you know you are no longer in danger. Why do the physical symptoms of fear linger even after we cognitively realize the danger has passed?
a)
Excitatory neurotransmitters travel faster than inhibitory neurotransmitters.
b)
Endocrine messages tend to outlast the effects of neural messages.
c)
The parasympathetic nervous system is less effective than the sympathetic nervous system.
d)
Dopamine controls fear, and this chemical takes a certain amount of time to break down in your system.
22.
Neural networks refer to
a)
the branching extensions of a neuron.
b)
neural cables containing many axons.
c)
interconnected clusters of neurons in the central nervous system.
d)
neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
23.
Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name?
a)
reticular formation
b)
cerebellum
c)
amygdala
d)
medulla
24.
The somatic nervous system is a component of the ________ nervous system.
a)
peripheral
b)
autonomic
c)
sympathetic
d)
parasympathetic
25.
Which of the following are located exclusively within the brain and spinal cord?
a)
sensory neurons
b)
myelin sheath
c)
interneurons
d)
axons
26.
Junita does not feel like getting out of bed, has lost her appetite, and feels tired for most of the day. Which of the following neurotransmitters likely is in short supply for Junita?
a)
dopamine
b)
serotonin
c)
GABA
d)
acetylcholine
e)
glutamate
27.
The brain's "sensory switchboard": directs sensory messages to proper area of the brain
a)
thalamus
b)
hypothalamus
c)
hippocampus
d)
reticular formation
28.
Makes decisions, plans, reasons, and carries out behaviors
a)
Frontal Lobe
b)
Parietal Lobe
c)
Occipital Lobe
d)
Temporal Lobe
29.
Wrinkled part of the brain's surface where the body processes information
a)
Forebrain
b)
Cerebral Cortex
c)
Corpus Callosum
d)
Cerebellum
30.
Voluntary movements are controlled by the
a)
autonomic nervous system.
b)
peripheral nervous system.
c)
somatic nervous system.
d)
brain.
31.
-70 mV is the measure of a
a)
Threshold Potential
b)
Action Potential
c)
Resting Potential
d)
End Point Potential
32.
Depolarization is occuring at number
a)
1
b)
2
c)
4
d)
5
33.
Depolarization occurs when
a)
sodium channels open
b)
potassium channels open
c)
sodium channels close
d)
potassium channels close
34.
Describes the fact that a neuron fires at the same intensity despite the intensity of the stimulus.
a)
Threshold
b)
Repolarization
c)
All or None Principle
d)
Action Potential
35.
Which are organs in the endocrine system?
a)
thyroid, pancreas, kidneys, ovaries, testes and esophagus
b)
pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes
c)
stomach, intestine, pancreas, adrenal, testes, ovaries
d)
heart, nerves, pituitary, adrenal
36.
Tim is having difficulty processing anything hot when he touches something, which lobe is not functioning properly?
a)
Occipital Lobe
b)
Temporal Lobe
c)
Parietal Lobe
d)
Frontal Lobe
37.
Shows brain function by using a radioactive glucose solution (active neurons love glucose)
a)
MRI
b)
CT Scan
c)
PET Scan
d)
fMRI
38.
what controls the pituitary gland
a)
thalamus
b)
hypothalamus
c)
adrenal cortex
d)
medulla
39.
The left hemisphere of the brain specializes in which of the following?
a)
visual-spatial perception
b)
language
c)
face recognition
d)
music
40.
What are the human body’s natural “morphine” producers?
a)
Serotonin
b)
Glutamate
c)
Endorphins
d)
Acetylcholine (ACh)
41.
The _____ response is known as fight or flight.
a)
parasympathetic
b)
sympathetic
c)
somatic
d)
peripheral
42.
In Pavlov's experiment the meat was a(n)
a)
UCS
b)
UCR
c)
CS
d)
CR
43.
Who was the person who conditioned Baby Albert to be frightened of a white rat?
a)
Pavlov
b)
Watson
c)
Skinner
d)
Bandura
44.
In Pavlov's experiment, the salivating to the sound of a bell is a(n)
a)
UCS
b)
UCR
c)
CS
d)
CR
45.
Dylan’s mother buys him a sailor’s cap before they go on a family fishing trip. On the boat, Dylan gets nauseated and vomits. Th e next day he gets nauseated just from looking at the sailor’s cap. Th e sailor’s cap has become:
a)
The unconditioned stimulus
b)
The conditioned stimulus
c)
The conditioned response
d)
The unconditioned response
46.
Stimulus that causes an automatic response
a)
Unconditioned response
b)
Unconditioned stimuli
c)
Conditioned response
d)
Conditioned Stimuli
47.
Who was the person who conditioned Baby Albert to be frightened of a white rat?
a)
Pavlov
b)
Watson
c)
Skinner
d)
Bandura
48.
Learning that occurs due to reward and punishment
a)
Classical Conditioning
b)
Operant Conditioning
c)
Observational Learning
d)
Stimulus Learning
49.
Mirror neurons are believed by some scientists to provide a biological basis for
a)
operant conditioning.
b)
spontaneous recovery.
c)
observational learning.
d)
classical conditioning.
50.
Parents say, “I’m taking away your phone because you failed Chemistry.” Parents are using
a)
positive punishment
b)
negative punishment
c)
positive reinforcement
d)
classical conditioning
51.
Small successive step taken in which to get an organism to learn a behavior is called __.
a)
Shaping
b)
Negative Reinforcement
c)
Positive Reinforcement
d)
Classical Conditioning
52.
Giving a treat to your dog every time it rolls over is called __.
a)
Continuous Reinforcement
b)
Partial Reinforcement
c)
Operant Conditioning
d)
Positive Reinforcement
53.
Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely is known as what?
a)
law of effect
b)
operant conditiong
c)
shaping
d)
classical conditioning
54.
Whose name is synonymous with Operant Conditioning?
a)
Skinner
b)
Watson
c)
Bandura
d)
Ebbinhaus
55.
This type of punishment takes away a desirable stimulus
a)
positive punishment
b)
negative punishment
c)
primary punishment
d)
secondary punishment
56.
Leaving early for work to avoid traffic is an example of what type of learning?
a)
Positive Reinforcement
b)
Negative Reinforcement
c)
Punishment
d)
Classical Conditioning
57.
Carly used to feel nausea when going to McDonalds because she associated the food with illness. After a few good meals there, she no longer feels the nausea. Which prinicple?
a)
spontaneous recovery
b)
extinction
c)
acquisition
d)
generalization
58.
Your teenaged daughter has not cleaned her room in a month. You go in and begin yelling at her to clean her room. She begins to clean up, and you stop yelling. Your daughter's cleaning behavior can be viewed as responding to
a)
classical conditioning
b)
positive reinforcement
c)
punishers
d)
negative reinforcement
59.
you put on your seatbelt to make your car stop beeping
a)
positive reinforcement
b)
negative reinforcement
c)
conditioned reinforcement
d)
unconditioned reinforcement
60.
A little girl gets spanked by her mom for throwing a temper tantrum in the grocery store. This is an example of:
a)
positive reinforcement
b)
negative reinforcement
c)
positive punishment
d)
negative punishment
61.
Anything that seeks to continue a desired behavior by the removal of something the organism doesn't like is called __.
a)
Negative Reinforcement
b)
Positive Punishment
c)
Positive Reinforcement
d)
Negative Punishment
62.
Makers of 3-D movies rely most heavily on:
a)
the visual cliff.
b)
The Lyer Illusion
c)
retinal disparity.
d)
monocular cues.
63.
theory that the retina contains three different color receptors- Red, Green, and Blue
a)
Young Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory
b)
Gate control Theory
c)
Place Theory
d)
Tri Hue Theory
64.
After hearing that Bryce had served a prison sentence, Janet began to perceive his friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative. This best illustrates the impact of:
a)
sensation.
b)
bottom up processing.
c)
perceptual sets
65.
You are going to design an experiment to determine whether there are special areas on the tongue to detect the taste of sweet, or whether the taste can be detected in all areas of the tongue. Which of these must be done before you can start the experiment?
a)
operationally define sweet.
b)
pick out subjects who like sweet tastes.
c)
pick out the items that you will use for sweet tastes.
d)
none of these are necessary.
66.
Olfaction refers to which sense?
a)
Smell
b)
Taste
c)
Touch
d)
Sight
67.
Which of the following activities requires you to use the absolute threshold for sensation?
a)
telling the difference between sweet and salty
b)
detecting a tiny, faint light on a radar screen
c)
deciding if two glasses contain the same amount of water
d)
telling if your guitar is in tune
68.
AS we move object that tend to say stable seem to move
a)
Relative Motion
b)
Monocular Cues
c)
Binocular Cues
d)
Depth Perception
69.
Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which sound travels after entering the ear?
a)
Auditory canal, eardrum, middle ear, cochlea
b)
Eardrum, auditory canal, middle ear, cochlea
c)
Eardrum, middle ear, cochlea, auditory canal
d)
Auditory canal, middle ear, eardrum, cochlea
70.
The study of perception is primarily
concerned with how we:
a)
Detect sights, sounds and other stimuli
b)
Sense environmental stimuli
c)
Develop sensitivity to illusions
d)
Interpret sensory stimuli
71.
________ occurs when sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.
a)
Transduction
b)
Sensation
c)
Perception
d)
Sensory adaptation
72.
What is bottom up processing?
a)
no prior knowledge
b)
prior knowledge
c)
ability to attend to one voice among many
d)
failing to notice change in the environment
73.
________________ processing refers to how the
physical characteristics of stimuli influence their interpretation.
a)
Top-down
b)
Bottom-up
c)
Parapsychological
d)
Human factors
74.
Figures tend to be perceived as whole,
complete objects, even if spaces or gaps exist in the representation, thus
demonstrating the principle of:
a)
Closure
b)
Proximity
c)
Continuity
d)
Similarity
75.
Where do sound waves first enter the ear?
a)
Cochlea
b)
Tympanic membrane
c)
Origin of corti
d)
Pinna
76.
Perceptual set includes
a)
Different perception based on immediate context
b)
Affects what we hear, see, and taste
c)
Perception that can occur with no sensory input
d)
None of the above
77.
Which of the following statements is
consistent with the Gestalt theory of perception?
a)
Perception develops largely through learning
b)
Perception is the product of heredity
c)
The mind organizes sensations into
meaningful perceptions
d)
Perception
results directly from sensation
78.
Which of the following correctly lists the order of
structures through which sound travels after entering the ear?
a)
Auditory canal, eardrum, middle
ear, cochlea
b)
Eardrum, auditory canal, middle ear, cochlea
c)
Eardrum, middle ear, cochlea, auditory canal
d)
Auditory canal, middle ear, eardrum, cochlea
79.
You are an artist and you are interested in completing a painting that gives a three-dimensional appearance. You want to show a beach in the foreground of the painting, people swimming in the ocean, and sailboats in the distance. Which perceptual principles will be most helpful as you complete your painting?
a)
binocular depth cues
b)
monocular depth cues
c)
Gestalt principles of proximity and continuity
d)
perceptual principles only operate in “real life” situations
80.
The Place Theory of pitch perception cannot
account for how we hear:
a)
Low-pitched sounds
b)
Middle-pitched sounds
c)
High-pitched sounds
d)
Chords three or more pitches simultaneously
81.
As you talk with a friend at a party, her voice is distinct from all the other voices you hear. This illustrates the perceptual principle of:
a)
grouping
b)
figure-ground
c)
proximity
d)
closure
82.
Kinesthesis involves:
a)
The bones of the middle ear
b)
Information from muscles, tendons
and joints
c)
Membranes within the cochlea
d)
The body’s sense of balance
83.
In the same football game, we watch as a team attempts a field goal. Since the goal posts are distant and the time to make a decision is short, the referee must use many perceptual cues to decide whether the kick is good or not. One important ability is depth perception. Which of the following cues might be most helpful in deciding whether the field goal is successful?
a)
linear perspective
b)
motion parallax
c)
convergence
d)
interposition
84.
Effortful processing occurs when:
a)
info is captured with no conscious effort
b)
we go to sleep and encode dream info
c)
we choose to focus on important info
d)
our sensory memory encodes sensory information
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