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WorksheetsAP Biology: Midterm Review
Total questions: 43
Worksheet time: 40mins
Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false?
Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds.
Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms.
Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds.
Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive branched or unbranched "carbon skeletons."
Carbon is one of the main elements contained in living organisms.
The four most common elements in living organisms are
C, H, O, Fe.
C, H, O, Na.
C, H, O, N.
C, N, O, Na.
C, H, Na, Cl.
Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is
100 times more acidic.
10 times more acidic.
10 times more basic.
100 times more basic.
3 times more acidic.
A buffer
is an acid that is used to offset overly basic conditions in the body.
is a base that is used to offset overly acidic conditions in the body.
donates H+ ions when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions when conditions become too acidic.
donates OH- ions when conditions become too basic and accepts OH- ions when conditions become too acidic.
is none of the above.
The results of dehydration reactions can be reversed by
condensation reactions.
hydrolysis.
polymerization reactions.
the addition of an amino group.
none of them. Dehydration synthesis is generally not reversible.
Different water molecules are bonded to each other by hydrogen bonds that form between
two hydrogen atoms.
an oxygen and a hydrogen atom of the same water molecule.
an oxygen and a hydrogen atom of different water molecules.
two atoms with the same charge.
The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants.
starch; glycogen
glycogen; starch
cellulose; glycogen
glycogen; cellulose
cellulose; chitin
What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand TCGATGG?
TCGATGG
GGTAGCT
AGCUACC
AGCTACC
UGCAUCC
Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of
ATP synthesis increases.
ATP synthesis decreases.
photosynthesis increases.
protein synthesis increases.
hydrolytic rates decrease.
The skin is the body's largest organ. It's made up of many different types of cells. Oils, produced by the sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The pigment melanin, produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function.
Melanocytes use many enzymes to produce melanin. Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of
lysosomes.
chloroplasts.
ribosomes.
microtubules.
nuclei.
Which of the following substances would have the most trouble crossing a biological membrane by diffusing through the lipid bilayer?
O2
CO2
Na+
a small, nonpolar molecule such as butane (C4H10)
In the lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water but not sucrose to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. Which of the following will occur?
Water will leave the balloon.
Water will enter the balloon.
Sucrose will leave the balloon.
Sucrose will enter the balloon.
There will be no change.
Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient.
energy and transport proteins; down
transport proteins; down
energy and transport proteins; against
transport proteins; against
What is the basic difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?
Exergonic reactions involve ionic bonds; endergonic reactions involve covalent bonds.
Exergonic reactions involve the breaking of bonds; endergonic reactions involve the formation of bonds.
Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb it.
In exergonic reactions, the reactants have less chemical energy than the products; in endergonic reactions, the opposite is true.
The transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule or compound is called
carboxylation.
ionization.
phosphorylation.
hydrogenation.
During redox reactions,
the loss of electrons from one molecule is called reduction.
electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance.
protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule.
the gaining of electrons is called oxidation.
In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is
oxygen
carbon dioxide
water
ADP
hydrogen
Rotenone is a poison commonly added to insecticides. Rotenone binds tightly with one of the electron carrier molecules in the electron transport chain, preventing electrons from passing to the next carrier molecule. Insects exposed to rotenone will die because
they will no longer be able to perform anaerobic respiration.
high levels of fermentation products will build up in their bodies.
they will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP.
they will no longer be able to absorb water and will become dehydrated.
Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?
aerobic cellular respiration
alcoholic fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
All three processes produce the same amount of ATP.
The conversion of CO2 and H2O into organic compounds using energy from light is called
glycolysis.
photosynthesis.
fermentation.
cellular respiration.
oxidative phosphorylation
Wood frogs freeze solid during the winter and then thaw in the spring. As the freezing progresses, blood circulation stops. How would you expect cells not being served by the circulatory system to produce ATP during this time, and what by-product would you expect to build up in the cells?
aerobic respiration and CO2
fermentation and lactate
fermentation and alcohol
photosynthesis and O2
Arsenic is a poison that binds to a molecule needed to build acetyl CoA. Based on this information, which part of cellular respiration would be stopped if arsenic were ingested?
glycolysis
citric acid cycle
electron transport chain
ATP synthase
Which of the following molecules is a reactant of photosynthesis?
CO2
glucose
O2
chlorophyll
glycogen
The light reactions occur in the ________, while the Calvin cycle occurs in the ________.
stroma; thylakoid membranes
stroma; nucleus
cytoplasm; thylakoid membrane
thylakoid membranes; stroma
Chemical messengers that pass through the plasma membrane of cells and have a receptor molecule in the cytoplasm include gases such as nitric oxide
proteins such as epinephrine
steroids such as testosterone
all of the above
none of the above
The diagram is a(n)
picture showing all the nonhomologous chromosomes from a population
collection of all the gene mutations of an individual
karyotype that shows all of an individual's autosomes and sex chromosomes sorted by size and shape
a system of classifying the nuclei of a cell
How does water behave, in terms of water potential?
Water always moves from areas of high water potential to low.
Water always moves from areas of low water potential to high.
Water always divides into areas of low and high water potential but never mixes
Water potential affects the movements of solutes only
Cells tend to be small, with sizes ranging between 1 and 100 mm. These small sizes help to ensure that cells have a favorable surface-area-to-volume ratio. Choose the statement that explains why a favorable surface-area-to-volume ratio is advantageous.
Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios improve the efficiency of transporting materials in and out of cells.
Lower surface-area-to-volume ratios improve the efficiency of transporting materials in and our of cells.
Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios speed up the flow of cytoplasm within cells.
Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios slow down the flow of cytoplasm within cells.
The Endosymbiotic Theory suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved when an ancient cell engulfed another, forming a permanent symbiotic relationship. Choose the evidence that best justifies this claim.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts perform energy functions
Eukaryotic cells have many mitochondria
Eukaryotic cells have traits in common with archaea
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular loops of unique DNA
What type of diffusion increase the rate at which glucose diffuses into a cell from a region from where it is more concentrated?
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
endocytosis
The graph shows the change in mass of 5 dialysis bags filled with various concentrations of starch that were not able to pass through the membrane and the bags were placed in a beaker of 0.5 M starch solution. Which bag was isotonic to the beaker solution?
a
b
c
d
e
Five dialysis bags with varying concentrations of starch solution (starch is impermeable) are placed in 0.5 M starch solution. Which bag started of hypertonic to the solution but became isotonic to the solution over time?
a
b
c
d
e
What is true for catabolic pathways?
They do not depend on enzymes
They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers
They release energy as they degrade polymers
They are not usually spontaneous chemical reactions
Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction?
6H2O + 6CO2 ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Water is oxidized and oxygen is reduced
carbon dioxide is oxidized and water is reduced
both water and glucose are reduced
water is oxidized and carbon dioxide is reduced
