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WorksheetsHistology final exam
Total questions: 162
Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins
Which duct that does not branch?
compound
single
tubular
alveolar
this process by which all cytoplasmic components of the cell are divided into two identical daughter cells
mitosis
differentiation
cytokinesis
induction
name the 2 types of nerves in the periodontal ligaments
myelinated efferent and autonomic
myelinated afferent and motor
myelinated afferent and autonomic
myelinated efferent and motor
name the 3 groups of fibers in the PDL
cementoblastic, alveolodental ligament gingival fiber group
alveolodental ligament, circumpapillae gingival fiber group
alveolodental ligament, cementoblastic transseptal ligament
gingival fiber group, alveolodental ligament transseptal ligament
these concentric series of bands represent incremental growth lines that extend from the DEJ
neonatal line
nasmith's membrane
lines of retzius
demarcation bands
which type of junctions bind cells together by creating 'spot welds' between adjacent membranes?
tight junctions
hemidesmosomes
gap junctions
desmosomes
which embryonic layer produces alveolar process
endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm
none of the above
which component of blood functions in clotting
neutrophil
platelets
mast cells
monocytes
the oral cavity has a turn over time of 27 days
true
false
the alveolodental ligament fiber group includes all fibers except?
dentinogingival
oblique
alveolar crest
interradicular
the primitive mouth starts to form at
6 weeks
10 weeks
4 weeks
8 weeks
alveolar mucosa is non keratinized
true
false
which gland secrets small amounts of cytoplasm/cell with secretory product?
holocrine
merocrine
apocrine
endocrine
Neutrophils are
involve b cells and t cells
1st to arrive to the site of injury and are involved in acute, inflammatory response
involved in allergic reactions
involved in later stages of inflammation
in what stage of mitosis does the nuclear membrane disappear?
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
telophase
Cementum formation
occurs during the first 4 weeks in utero
is ongoing throughout life
stops at 2 years old
begins at 2 years old
what structures make up the hard palate?
the globular process
right palatine process
left palatine process
all of the above
what lines can be seen with the naked eye on the cervical 2/3rds of the crown?
hunter schreger bands
enamel tuffs
enamel spindles
perikymata
golgi apparatus
is the second largest organelle
sorts, condenses, packages and delivers proteins from the RER
releases contents by exocytosis
all of the above
the basement membrane is located between the epithelium and connective tissue. The 2 layers that make up the basal lamina are lamina lucida and reticular lamina
both statements are true
first statement is false, second statement is true
both statements are false
first statement is true, second statement is false
Meckel's cartilage is important in the formation of the maxilla
true
false
develop on inner surface fo enamel organ (IEE)
osteoblasts
odontoblasts
cementocytes
ameloblast
osteon is
unit of structure in compact bone
contains haversian canals
composed of lamellae
all of the above
the area of bone loss where an apical root penetrates the cortical bone is called...
lamina dura
alveolar crest
fenestration
alveolar bone
the fibrous matrix of cementum...
consists of only Sharpey's fibers
consists only of intrinsic non-periodontal fibers
is found in the enamel
reticular fibers are composed of
collagen
elastic
reticulin
none of the above
sometimes odontoblastic processes pass across the DEJ into the enamel and become trapped. when this happens it is called...
enamel tufts
enamel junction
enamel spindles
enamel rods
Endoplasmic Reticulum is
production of DNA and RNA
Synthesizes protein and lipid molecules
modifies, stores, segregates and transports protein
power house of the cell
Pinocytosis is cell eating
true
false
what type of secretion is clear, watery with protein?
mixed
mucous
serous
merocrine
where is simple cuboidal epithelium located?
composed of a single layer of cube like cells
contributes to secretion
found in the ducts of salivary glands
all of the above
Nucleus is
largest, densest organelle
contains enzymes
packages proteins
destroys worn cell parts
where is cellular (secondary) cementum the thickest?
at the apex of the root
at the CEJ
equal thickness on the entire root surface
on the crown
lamina dura is defines as
alveolar bone proper, lines the tooth socket
coronal border of the alveolar process
bone loss in coronal area of the root
spaces in between the teeth
root formation begins before the crown is completely formed. HERS consists of only IEE and OEE
first statement is true, second statement is false
first statement is false, second statement is true
both statements are true
both statements are false
the primary dentition is initiated at
10 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
1 weeks
loose connective tissue
forms thin membranes between organs and binds them together
serves as protective padding for the deeper structures of the body
all of the above
none of the above
intramembranous ossification
forms within 2 layers of dense connective tissue
uses hyaline cartilage as a model
uses interstitial growth
occurs in long bones, vertebrae, ribs and head of mandible
pitting of enamel because of poor matrix formation is caused by
hypocalcification
hypoplasia
decalcification
dental fluorosis
cleft lip can be defined as
failure of lateral palatine processes to fuse with each other
partial or complete failure of fusion of one or both maxillary processes with the globular process
failure of the fusion of the premaxilla
none of the above
what is the order of root formation cycle?
formation of dentin - > lengthening of the root -> deposition of cementum
formation of dentin -> deposition of cementum is ongoing -> lengthening of the root
deposition of cementum is ongoing -> formation of dentin -> lengthening of the root
microfilaments maintain the shape of the cell
true
false
which is the correct sequence of embryonic period?
induction, proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, maturation
morphogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, induction, maturation
maturation, induction, morphogensis, differentiation
induction, proliferation, dilaceration, maturation, morphogenesis
when does the cap stage occur?
9-10 weeks
10-12 weeks
8-9 weeks
non of the above
chalky areas that are decalcifies due to acids or poor OH are caused by
too much fluoride intake
too little fluoride
hypocalcification
decalcification
what is the most common cell within the PDL?
osteoclats
fibroblasts
cementoblast
odontoblasta
ameleoblast
select the correct oder of stages of tooth development
bud, dentinogenesis, function, crown formation, root formation, amelogenesis, bell
bud, cap, bell, dentinogenesis, amelogensis, crown formation, root formation, function
dentinogenesis, bell, crown formation, root formation, bud, cap, amelogenesis
all of the above
the diagram below is what type of anomaly?
odontia
anodontia
hypodontia
hyperdontia
what percent of total saliva volume does submandibular gland produces?
25-30%
60-65%
10-15%
5%
which of the following is not present in a tooth germ?
enamel organ
pulp canal
dental sac
dental papilla
in what stage of tooth development does the enamel organ form?
initiation
bud
cap
bell
which ducts are lined with simple columnar epithelium and may have mitochondria?
secretory ducts
striated ducts
exocrine ducts
excretory ducts
which statements about cardiac muscle is true
found only in the heart
cells are joined by intercalated discs
controlled by involuntary activity
all of the above
what is the highest point of the alveolar ridge and joins the facial and lingual cortical plates?
alveolar process
cortical plate
alveolar crest
alveolar bone proper
cementum is located on tip of tome's granular in
enamel
periodontal ligament
alveolar bone
dentin
which prenantal period is involved in the 1st trimester?
fetal period only
pre-implantation period and embryonic period
embryonic period and fetal period
none of the above
wearing away of tooth structure from ordinary forces of occlusion is called?
attrition
abrasion
erosion
abrasion
another name for cytosol is
cell membrane
organelle
cytoplasm
nucleus
stratum cornuem is found in stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
true
false
function of fibroblasts is to
function as phagocytes
releasee heparin
important in fighting infections
synthesize certain types of protein fibers
what percent % of saliva is produced by major salivary glands
1%
70%
5%
90%
in what week does the primary palate and bilateral palatine processes fuse?
4-8 weeks
5-6 weeks
6-12 weeks
12 weeks
loss of tooth structure at the cervical neck area of teeth that is often wedge shaped is called
attrition
abfraction
abrasion
erosion
which nerve carries information from PNS to CNS
afferent
efferent
synapse
ganglion
development of the tongue takes place in weeks
5-12 weeks
14-18 weeks
4-8 weeks
1-4 weeks
Meckel's cartilage is found in which branchial arch?
1st branchial arch
2nd branchial arch
maxillary branchial arch
lateral nasal branchial arch
what type of bone lies within the maxilla and mandible and has a web like appearance on radiographs
trabecular bone
alveolar crest
cortical plate
lamina dura
what is this anomaly called?
odontia
anodontia
hypodontia
hyperdontia
periodontal ligament
has blood vessels and nerves
contains proprioceptive mechanism
acts as shock absorber
all of the above
the tongue begins to develop from
posterior wall of the primitive throat
anterior wall of the primitive throat
posterior region of the pharynx
anterior wall of the linguals welling
what type of epithelium is the oral mucosa composed of?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
non stratified squamous epithelium
keratinized epithelium
which salivary gland is located anterior and inferior to the ear, between the skin of the cheek & masseter muscle?
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
parotid gland
batholins gland
the cell membrane is
clear liquid enclosed it the cell
include organelles
provide a medium in which other organelles function
none of the above
leeway space is created in the arches by the replacement of larger primary molars by smaller permanent premolars
true
false
the center of the upper lips arises from:
fusion of 2 medial nasal processes
fusion of 2 palatine shelves
nasal septum
primitive mouth
which of the statement is false?
fibrous connective tissue is composed of strong collagenous fibers that bind parts together
cartilage is quick to heal following an injury and has a direct blood supply
elastic connective tissue is composed of mainly elastic fibers, which combine strength with elasticity
loose connective tissue serves as a protective padding
what contains adipose tissue and minor salivary glands?
tongue
cheeks
floor of the mouth
GI tract
which papillae have no tase buds?
filiform
fungiform
foliate
circumvallate
cementum is composed of
mineralized fibrous matrix and cells
mineralized fibrous matrix and collagen fibers
mineralized fibrous matrix and cementoid
mineralized fibrous matrix and Sharpey fibers
which duct opens under the tongue near the frenum at the sublingual caruncle?
stenson's duct
wharton's duct
bartholin's duct
all of the above
when des the tongue start to develop
at 7 weeks
at 4 weeks
at 10 weeks
at 3 weeks
which statement about thyroid gland is true
largest endocrine gland
secretes hormone thyroxine
located below the larynx
all of the above
goblet cells are found in all but
simple columnar epithelium
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
nasal cavity
masticatory mucosa
Exocytosis is explosion of materials out of the cell by fusing of a vesicle membrane with the cell membrane
true
false
which of these locations does not have keratinized stratified squamous epithelium ?
attached gingiva
soft palate
hard palate
the tongue forces the developing palatal shelves to "flip up", move toward each other and merge to form the primary palate
true
false
which cartilage does all cartilage originate from?
elastic cartilage
hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
none of the above
what produces approximately 10% of total salivary volume
major salivary glands
sublingual glands
parotid glands
submandibular glands
define oligodontia
congenital absence of all primary or permanent teeth
less than the normal amount of teeth
absence of 6 or more teeth
having supernumerary teeth
mature red blood cells and blood platelets have nuclei
true
false
when tooth movement occurs
only osteoblasts are activated
osteoblasts and osteoclasts are activated
only osteoclasts are activated
none of the above
define gemination
when 2 developing teeth fuse into 1 tooth, during cap stage
when 2 crowns develop from 1 bud during cap stage
when teeth are small
when teeth are big
what is the name of the median swelling that develops part of the tongue?
tuberculum impar
intermaxillary segment
stomodeum
nasal septum
what is the lacuna
anchors periosteum to bone
spaces between lamellae where osteocytes are embedded
same as haversian canal
central vascular canal within each osteon
which organelle contains ribosomes
mitochondrion
lysosomes
golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
where are the Von Ebner's Salivary Glands located?
filiform papillae
fungiform papillae
circumvallate papillae
all of the above
which of the statements about fibrocartilage is/are true?
serves as a shock absorber
is never found alone
not enclosed in capsules
all of the above
none of the above
define fusion
when 2 developing teeth fuse into 1 tooth, during cap stage
when 2 crowns develops from 1 bud during cap stage
when teeth are small
when teeth are big
what covers the floor of the mouth, buccal, labial, alveolar, ventral surface of the tongue and soft palate?
specialized mucosa
keratinized mucosa
masticatory mucosa
lining mucosa
the radiograph shows what type of anomaly?
dens in dente
toothception
microdontia
fusion
the fusion of cementum is termed
fusion
gemination
concrescence
dens in dente
an outgrowth or projection of a tooth, usually on the posterior teeth is known as
enamel pearl
tubercle
dilaceration
enamel dysplasia
a disturbance during root formation that causes the root to curve is also known as
tubercle
enamel pearl
dilaceration
enamel dysplasia
red blood cells are
concave
biconcave
convex
spherical
1st layer of enamel deposited on dentin surface estalishes the
CEJ
DEJ
dental pailla
dental lamina
collagenous fibers are
composed of collagen and have weak tensile strength
composed of microfibrisl and have great tensile strength
very fine, hairline fibers
composed of collagen and have a great tensile strength
lysosomes
are produced by the golgi apparatus
contain digestive enzymes
destroy worn out cell parts
all of the above
edentulous clients do not experience resorption of their alveolar bone
true
false
during bell stage, the cells of enamel organ differentiates into what 4 layers?
IEE, stratum intermedium, stellate reticulum, OEE
DEJ, stratum intermedium, stellate reticulum, OEE
IEE, stratum epithelium, stellate reticulum, CEJ
IEE, stratum epithelium, stellate reticulum, OEE
as the tooth erupts, ___ fuses with epithelial lining and forms epithelial attachment
hertwig's epithelial root sheath
rests of malassez
reduced enamel epithelium
none of the above
what is the inorganic percentage of dentin?
60%
70%
15%
20%
primary dentin is the dentin made before completion of apical foramen of the root
true
false
inner part of the upper lip is lined by..
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
keratinized columnar epithelium
cuboidal epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
secondary dentin is reparative dentin
true
false
salivary stones that block salivary flow are called
fordyce granules
sialoliths
pulp stones
enamel pearls
enamel is
vascular and non vital
avascular and non vital
96% inorganic material
all of the above
none of the above
which muscle tissue/s are controlled by involuntary activity?
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
smooth and cardiac
where is intertubular dentin located?
in between tubes
outside tubes
outside enamel
in the pulp chamber
as the bud enlarges it developes
the dentin organ
cementum
the enamel organ
all of the above
which statement about dentinogenesis imperfecta is correct?
shiny, opalescent
hereditary
if dentin is poorly formed, enamel will chip off
all of the above
lamina propria is highly vascularized
true
false
the cell rich layer of the pulp
has many cells but fewer than odontoblastic
has more than odontoblastic zone
has no cells
has few cells
oral cancer lesions are most likely found on what part of the tongue?
foliate papillae
dorsal papillae
filiform papillae
all of the above
denticles/pulp stones are found in all except...
surround pulp tissue
fused with dentin surrounded by dentin
embedded in enamel
this is the process by which all cytoplasmic components of the cell are divided into 2 identical daughter cells following mitosis
prophase
cytoplasmic division
differentiation
cytoskeleton
tooth germ consists of the enamel organ with enamel knot, dental papilla and dental sac
true
false
circumpulpal dentin is formed later and surrounds the outer layer of the pulp
true
false
mantle dentin is the first predentin that forms and matures within the tooth
true
false
is this gland, the entire cells are discharged as secretions
tomocrine glands
holocrine glands
merocrine glands
apocrine glands
mineralization of dentin occurs by
trauma
budding
tooth germ
tooth germ
drinking milk
initiation involves physiological process of induction
true
false
which layer will not form the basic histological tissue types of the body
ectoderm
exoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
amelogenesis is the production of
cementum
dentin
enamel
aveolar bone
which process leads impulses away from the cell body?
dendrite
axon
basophil
cell body
a specialized form of loose connective tissue that stores fat, provides a protective cushion and functions as a heat insulator is..
fibrous connective tissue
elastic connective tissue
adipose tissue
epithelium
mesoderm forms the
dentin
cementum
pulp
PDL
all of the above
what type of secretin is cloudy? mucin (glycoproteins) with water?
serous secretion
mucous secretion
mixed secretion
half secretion
which of the following is not epithelial division according to cell arrangement?
stratified
squamous
pseudostratified
sigle
in what week does the tooth start to develop?
12th
2nd
6th
none of the above
the submucosal layer found in masticatory mucosa is thin or absent
true
false
what are the three components of the periodontium
cementum, enamel, alveolar bone
cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone
alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, dentin
enamel, dentin, cementum
which cells function in coordinating and regulating body activities?
protons
electrons
neurons
neutrons
this epithelium is found in the bladder, ranges between non keratinized stratified squamous and stratified columnar, with soft, pliable, loosely arranged cells
transitional epithelium
transductional epithelium
elastic epithelium
loose epithelium
the afferent nerve carries information from the CNS to PNS
true
false
correct sequence of mitosis is
telophase, anaphase, prophase, metaphase
prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase
what component of the white blood cells contain lysosomal enzymes involved in destroying particles by phagocytosis, involved in alter stages of inflammation
platelet
eosinophil
lymphocytes
monocytes
define hyperdontia
no teeth
extra teeth
6 missing teeth
all of the above
___ actively pumps calcium hydropxyapatite into the forming enamel matrix
ameloblast
cementoblast
osteoblast
osteoclasts
osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells
true
false
what major gland is without a capsule?
sublingual gland
submandibular gland
stensons gland
whartons gland
which of the following is not a characteristic of keratin?
tough
resists friction
nuclei are condensed and active
opaque
which of the following is not a stage of tooth development
bud stage
initiation stage
miotic stage
bell stage
the time it takes for the newly divided cells to completely replaced throughout the tissue is called
turnover time
setting time
working time
half time
what serves to anchor periosteum firmly to bone?
sharpey's fibers
HERS
lacuna
haversian canal
tight junctions prevent the movement and loss of fluids. gap junctions are located in the muscle cells of the heart and the digestive tube
both statements are true
both statements are false
first statement is true. second is false
first statement is false. second is true
tooth buds for all permanent teeth arise from secondary lamina
true
false
cementum is
vascular, no innervation
avascular, with innervation
avascular, no innervation
vascular, with innervation
desmosomes are located in
muscle cells of the heart and the digestive tube
cells of the outer skin
cells that line inside of the small intestine
mucocele is the accumulation of saliva mucosa due to trauma to major salivary gland duct
true
false
lack of a single tooth or multiple teeth is called hypodontia
true
false
the masticatory mucosa is everything except
thick
rubbery
keratinized
non keratinized
___ cartilage is found in the external ear, auditory tube, epiglottis and parts of the larynx
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
none of the above
