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5 SC Unit 4 Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 3hrs 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is NOT a property of soil?

a)

Color

b)

Texture

c)

Where it's located

d)

Ability to retain water

2.

Moana is using the chart below to categorize soil. What property of soil is she finding?

a)

ability to support plant growth

b)

water retention

c)

texture

d)

color

3.
Which type of soil can hold the greatest amount of water?
a)
sand
b)
silt
c)
clay
d)
loam
4.

If Carol poured 500 mL of water into the soil and 400 mL can now be found in the jar, then the other 100 mL must have been-

a)

retained

b)

drained

c)

lost in space

d)

in the bathroom sink

5.

Which soil would retain the least amount of water?

a)

gravel

b)

silt

c)

sand

d)

clay

6.
Many plants cannot grow in sandy soil. Why is this true?
a)
Sandy soil does not hold enough water.
b)
Air cannot pass through sandy soil.
c)
Roots cannot easily push through sandy soil.
d)
Sandy soil has too many nutrients.
7.
How does nutrients necessary for plant growth get in the soil?
a)
Soil absorbs sunlight.
b)
Soil is exposed to oxygen.
c)
Organic matter is decayed in the soil
d)
Water flows through the soil.
8.
Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has:
a)
low PH level
b)
low sand content
c)
high organic matter level
d)
high parent rock material level
9.

How was this arch formed?

a)

Animals dug a hole through the rock.

b)

Fire created it.

c)

A plants roots grew into the rock and broke it.

d)

Sand blew against the rock to change it's shape.

10.

How can trees prevent erosion?

a)

Roots protect the soil from being washed away.

b)

Leaves help to shelter the insects that live in the soil.

c)

Branches help to shade and keep the soil cool.

d)

Roots grow through rocks and change their shape.

11.

What does erosion carry away?

a)

soil and rocks

b)

lakes and rivers

c)

light and sound

d)

wind and water

12.

What is a glacier?

a)

A rocky, flat area at the bottom of the ocean

b)

a plain that is grassy and has very few trees.

c)

an area that is very hot and gets very little rain

d)

a large body of ice that moves very slowly

13.

What happens during a landslide?

a)

Magma moves up from the mantle and erupts.

b)

Large pieces of land break off and slide down.

c)

The ground freezes and melts when it is warmer

d)

Water in streams and rivers overflows the banks.

14.

What is melted rock from the mantle called after it has erupted from a volcano and reached the surface?

a)

plate

b)

magma

c)

lava

d)

crust

15.

Which sentence about volcanoes is FALSE?

a)

Volcanoes give rich soil that is good for farming.

b)

Volcanoes can erupt and the lava can form islands.

c)

Volcanoes can spit out ash, molten rock, and gases.

d)

Volcanoes are all active and can erupt at any time.

16.

Define delta.

a)

a narrow stretch of land connecting two larger areas

b)

a point of land that extends into a river, lake or ocean

c)

a body of land jutting into a lake or ocean surrounded by water on three sides

d)

a flat, low-lying land built up from soil carried downstream by a river and deposited at its mouth

17.

Define island.

a)

a sizable inland body of water

b)

a large body of water completely or partly surrounded by land

c)

land area, smaller than a continent surrounded by water

d)

a body of land jutting into a lake or ocean surrounded by water on three sides

18.

Find the correct definition of the underlined word, mountain.

a)

a narrow stretch of land connecting two larger areas

b)

land with steep sides that rises sharply (1,000 feet or more) from the surrounding land

c)

an area of flat or rolling land at high elevation

d)

a narrow stretch of water joining two larger bodies of water

19.

What is a plateau?

a)

an area of level land, usually at low elevation and often covered with grasses

b)

an area of land drained by a given river and its branches

c)

land usually level, at low elevation

d)

an area of flat or rolling land at high elevation

20.

Find the correct definition of the underlined word, plain.

a)

an area of level land, usually at low elevation and often covered with grasses

b)

an area of land drained by a given river and its branches

c)

land usually level, at low elevation

d)

an area of flat or rolling land at high elevation

21.

What is a volcano?

a)

a mountain or hill created as liquid rock and ash erupt from inside the earth

b)

land with steep sides that rises sharply (1,000 feet or more) from the surrounding land

c)

a large land mass that rises above the ocean

d)

an area of flat or rolling land at high elevation

22.

Find the correct definition of the underlined word, continent.

a)

an area of level land, usually at low elevation and often covered with grasses

b)

a mountain or hill created as liquid rock and ash erupt from inside the earth

c)

a large land mass that rises above the ocean

d)

an area of flat or rolling land at high elevation

23.

What are renewable resources?

a)

A limited amount and cannot be replaced in a human life time.

b)

Plastic bags

c)

Coal, oil, and natural gas

d)

Can be replaced in our lifetime through natural processes

24.

Sunlight is...

a)

Very bright

b)

Will eventually run out soon

c)

A renewable resource

d)

A nonrenewable resource

25.

Wood is...

a)

A renewable resource

b)

A nonrenewable resource

c)

Used to make oil

d)

Used to make plastic

26.

A group of non-renewable resources, called ______________, include coal, oil, and natural gas.

a)

Fossils

b)

Energy

c)

Resources

d)

Fossil fuels

27.

Coal comes from...

a)

from animals that died millions of years ago.

b)

from plants that died millions of years ago.

c)

A factory

d)

Burning fossil fuels

28.

We can get energy from coal by...

a)

Breaking it down

b)

Digging it up

c)

Burning it

d)

Rubbing it together

29.

_________ comes from tiny animals that died in the ocean millions of years ago.

a)

Natural gas

b)

Oil

c)

Gasoline

d)

Coal

30.

How can we conserve energy?

a)

use less coal, oil, and natural gas.

b)

use fabric bags instead of plastic.

c)

use public transportation instead of driving a car.

d)

All of the above

31.

This is a renewable energy resource that must be conserved.

a)

Wood

b)

Oil

c)

Natural gas

d)

Coal

32.

Some renewable and non-renewable resources can hurt the environment. Which statement is true?

a)

Burning wood can pollute our atmosphere

b)

Burning coal releases gases and smoke into the atmosphere.

c)

Oil spills in the ocean can affect ships.

d)

Wind energy can cause harm to plants.

33.

Gasoline and plastic are made from...

a)

Plants

b)

Minerals

c)

Oil

d)

Minerals

34.

Which statement is true?

a)

Oil is an example of a renewable resource.

b)

Humans are a renewable resource

c)

Wood is an example of a nonrenewable resource.

d)

Fish are an example of a renewable resource.

35.

How so we get energy from the sun?

a)

Sunlight can generate electricity straight from the sky.

b)

Solar panels use the sun to power turbines.

c)

Solar panels can convert sunlight into electrical energy.

d)

Solar panels generate their own electricity.

36.
what is a non renewable resource?
a)
water
b)
wind
c)
coal
d)
biomass
37.

__________ is an energy resource that WILL NOT run out in the next several hundred years.

a)

Renewable Energy Resource

b)

Nonrenewable Energy Resource

c)

Fossil fuels

d)

biodegradable

38.
What could happen if people threw their trash into a stream?
a)
The animals would live longer
b)
Animals would drink all of the water
c)
The environment would not be affected
d)
Animals would not have clean water to drink
39.
Which human activity would be most likely to have a negative impact on the environment?
a)
Planting trees to control soil erosion
b)
Limiting the use of chemicals that kill weeds.
c)
Stopping the draining of swamps.
d)
Burning coal and oil to generate electric power.
40.

This landform is a -

a)

Canyon formed by water.

b)

V shaped valley formed by water.

c)

U shaped valley formed by ice.

d)

U shaped valley formed by water.

41.

This landform is a -

a)

Canyon formed by water.

b)

V shaped valley formed by water.

c)

U shaped valley formed by ice.

d)

U shaped valley formed by water.

42.

This landform is a -

a)

Canyon formed by water.

b)

V shaped valley formed by water.

c)

U shaped valley formed by ice.

d)

U shaped valley formed by water.

43.

While on vacation, a student took a picture of a valley. The student explained that this valley was formed by a glacier(ice). How do we know that the valley was formed by ice?

a)

This is a V shaped valley. V shaped valleys are formed by ice.

b)

This is a U shaped valley. U shaped valleys are formed by ice.

c)

There is no valley in this picture. The lake has water.

d)

The student is incorrect. The valley was formed by water.

44.

This landform is a -

a)

Canyon formed by water.

b)

V shaped valley formed by water.

c)

U shaped valley formed by ice.

d)

U shaped valley formed by water.

45.

This landform is a -

a)

Canyon formed by water.

b)

V shaped valley formed by water.

c)

U shaped valley formed by ice.

d)

U shaped valley formed by water.

46.

This landform is a -

a)

Canyon formed by water.

b)

V shaped valley formed by water.

c)

U shaped valley formed by ice.

d)

U shaped valley formed by water.

47.

This landform is a -

a)

Canyon formed by water.

b)

V shaped valley formed by water.

c)

U shaped valley formed by ice.

d)

U shaped valley formed by water.

48.
How are canyons formed?
a)
Glaciers moving down mountain
b)
Wind blows
c)
Water seeping into cracks
d)
Flowing rivers erode the walls
49.
This lighthouse on the coast has been moving closer and closer to the water's edge.  What most likely occurred that caused the ocean to get closer?
a)
volcano eruptions burned the land
b)
waves eroding the land
c)
humans walking on the land
d)
a tsunami
50.
Wind erosion (represented here by blowing sand), creates which landform?
a)
Mountain range
b)
Sand dune
c)
Delta
d)
Cav
51.
What changes occur to a canyons after many  years of flowing water?
a)
They get deeper
b)
They fill up with blowing sand
c)
A glacier melts and it floods
d)
It remains unchanged
52.
What do roots do to the process of erosion?
a)
Roots create more erosion
b)
Roots are swept away with the sediments
c)
Roots lessen the amount of erosion
d)
Roots don't do anything in the erosion process
53.
Which is false about landslides?
a)
Happens rapidly
b)
can change the direction of creeks and streams
c)
affects landforms with steep sloping areas
d)
can be caused by earthquakes
54.
Large bodies of salt water that cover most of the Earth's surface 
a)
oceans
b)
rivers
c)
lakes
d)
continents
55.
Landforms that are much higher than their surroundings, rounded or tall and rocky on top
a)
mountains
b)
hills
c)
plateaus
d)
canyons
56.
Low areas between mountains or other high areas; are often formed by rivers or glaciers
a)
valleys
b)
rivers
c)
plateaus
d)
mountains
57.
Very deep valleys with steep sides, often formed by river erosion...
a)
canyons
b)
rivers
c)
plateaus
d)
mountains
58.
Dry air, little rain, high daytime temperatures, and lots of wind, usually made up of sand 
a)
jungle
b)
plains
c)
desert
d)
island
59.
Pieces of land that are smaller than continents and are completely surrounded by water
a)
states
b)
islands
c)
pond
d)
lakes
60.
Large bodies of land that stick out into the water, but are still connected to the mainland
a)
islands
b)
peninsulas
c)
seas
d)
rivers
61.
How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks?  The freezing water—
a)
keeps the rocks in place.
b)
makes the rocks last longer.
c)
expands cracks and breaks rocks.
d)
causes rocks to fall in landslides.
62.
What is the process that picks up and moves weathered rocks?
a)
Erosion
b)
Landslide
c)
Weathering
63.
The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered rock and soil from one place to another.
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
d)
Crop Rotation
64.
Which of these is an example of erosion?
a)
Light shining onto a mountain.
b)
Rain breaking down rocks on a mountain into smaller pieces. 
c)
Wind blowing away sediment to a new place on the mountain.
d)
All of the above.
65.
Flood water pounding against a canyon wall and wearing it down is an example of
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
An avalanche
66.
Weathering and erosion are the same thing.
a)
True
b)
False
67.
The process of carrying away weathered bits of rocks is called
a)
weathering
b)
erosion
68.
A mudslide flowing down a steep hill is called?
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
69.

A triangular landform where a river empties into another body of water.

a)

Landform

b)

Canyon

c)

Delta

d)

Valley

70.

A deep gorge in the surface of Earth formed by the erosion of moving water and sediment.

a)

Valley

b)

Delta

c)

Canyon

d)

Landform

71.

Hills formed by wind blowing, moving and depositing sand.

a)

Valley

b)

Dune

c)

Delta

d)

Canyon

72.

The build up of land by the settlement of sediments and soil in a new location.

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

River

73.

The gradual wearing down of something by wind, water, ice, and other natural forces.

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Rivers

74.

The movement of sediment down a fast-moving river.

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

River

75.

A long depression, or ditch, in Earth's surface. It usually lies between ranges of hills or mountains. Most are formed by glaciers that weather and erode the sides of the mountains.

a)

Delta

b)

River

c)

Canyon

d)

Valley

76.

This landform is formed by

a)

water erosion

b)

wind erosion

c)

deposition

d)

glaciers

77.

This landform is formed by

a)

water erosion

b)

weathering

c)

deposition of sediments

d)

glaciers

78.

This landform is formed by

a)

water erosion

b)

wind erosion and deposition

c)

glaciers

d)

weathering

79.
A delta is made of sediments deposited at the mouth of a river. A delta forms where the river meets the ocean because the ocean -
a)
A. makes the river slow down and deposits sediment
b)
B. contains salt water and rivers have fresh water
c)
C. is usually much colder than the water in the river
d)
D. has powerful currents that weather rock on the shore
80.
This rock formation formed over many millions of years. What force most likely created it?
a)
A. A glacier pushing rocks ahead of it
b)
B. A river bringing rocks down a mountain
c)
C. Wind-blown sand carving large rocks
d)
D. A volcano blasting rocks great distances
81.
Over many years the bottom of a lake gets higher and higher. What could cause this slow change?
a)
A. The climate in the area gets warmer.
b)
B. Sediments are deposited in the lake.
c)
C. The Sun evaporates the water.
d)
D. The Sun evaporates the water.
82.
Canyons and deltas are similar in that both form -
a)
A. due to the action of moving water
b)
B. high in the tallest mountains
c)
C. where lots of sediments collect
d)
D. in and around active volcanoes
83.
Which of the following changes to the Earth is caused by moving water?
a)
A. A new island forms in the middle of an ocean
b)
B. A plain becomes a deep canyon with steep walls
c)
C. A sand dune shifts from one location to another
d)
D. A mountain grows taller over a thousand years
84.
The series of pictures shows the formation of a natural resource.
Which natural resource found in the region marked with an X is formed in this process?
a)
Igneous rock
b)
Coal
c)
Oil
d)
Soil
85.
While hiking in a forest a girl found a fossil imbedded in a boulder. The fossil is shown.

According to the above information and image, what does the fossil tell us about the nature of the environment in the past?
a)
The area was once covered by water
b)
The area was once much cooler
c)
The area was once a higher elevation
d)
The area will soon be covered by water
86.
Which of the following is associated with the formation of sedimentary rock?
a)
Heat and pressure
b)
Compaction and Cementation
c)
Chemical change and Heat
d)
Melting and Pressure
87.
Certain prehistoric events led to the formation of oil. Which of the following was one of those events?
a)
Giant wind storms destroyed forests
b)
Icebergs melted at the North and South Poles
c)
Microscopic life in the sea died and was buried under sediments
d)
Heavy flooding soaked the Earth's crust
88.
Rocks will break down into smaller pieces. What are those pieces called?
a)
Crust
b)
Fossils
c)
Plates
d)
Sediment
89.
Which of the following statements describes the first step in the formation of sedimentary rocks?
a)
Overlying pressure from rocks and soil reduces the size or volume of sediments
b)
Weathered material is moved by wind, water, or ice
c)
Exposed rock and other surfaces are broken down by wind, water, ice, or other elements
d)
A  Weathered and eroded material is deposited by wind, water, or ice
90.

The model below shows layers of sediment on the floor of an ocean. Which of the following best explains how these layers can become rock over many years?

a)

Sand in the sediment melts and turns into rock.

b)

The weight of the water compacts the sediment into rock.

c)

Changing water temperatures turn sand in the sediment into rock.

d)

Pollution caused by humans turns the sediment into rock.

91.

The diagram below shows the sequence of the processes that turn solid rock into sandstone. Which two processes best complete this diagram?

a)

Melting and cooling

b)

Erosion and compaction

c)

Compaction and cementation

d)

Evaporation and dissolving

92.

Sedimentary rocks form when broken bits of other rock are deposited and then –

a)

buried and squeezed and cemented together.

b)

melted by the heat of the Earth’s core.

c)

completely dissolved in salt water in the ocean.

d)

used by humans as a natural resource.

93.

Several layers of sedimentary rock are illustrated. They are in the same order as when they first formed. Which layer formed first?

a)

Rock Layer W

b)

Rock Layer X

c)

Rock Layer Y

d)

Rock Layer Z

94.

Which of the following is a process that creates the sediments that form sedimentary rock?

a)

Wind, water, and ice breaking rock into smaller pieces

b)

Heat from the earth melting rock below the surface

c)

Volcanoes putting out lava that cools to form new rock

d)

Continents pushing together to fold layers of rock

95.
Where are most fossils found?
a)
A. In sand dunes
b)
B. In volcanoes
c)
C. In igneous rocks 
d)
D. In sedimentary rocks 
96.

The liquid form of fossil fuels is ___.

a)

coal

b)

petroleum

c)

natural gas

d)

gasoline

97.

The gas form of fossil fuels is ____.

a)

petroleum

b)

natural gas

c)

coal

d)

heat

98.

The solid form of fossil fuels is _______.

a)

petroleum

b)

crude oil

c)

natural gas

d)

coal

99.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of fossil fuels?

a)

They are non-renewable.

b)

They produce harmful pollution.

c)

They can easily be replaced as they are used.

d)

They are inexpensive.

100.

Fossil fuels were formed from ____.

a)

the remains of once living organisms.

b)

the earth.

c)

solids, liquids, and gases, made millions of years ago.

d)

sun and water.

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