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McGrane U5 Earth Cycles

Total questions: 66

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Bobby observed that a metal trash can was covered with rust. What type of weathering caused the rust on the trash can?

a)

Hydrolysis

b)

Abrasion

c)

Oxidation

d)

Carbonation

2.

What is the weathering process in which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces (sediments) and do not change the rock composition?

a)

Acid weathering

b)

Gravity weathering

c)

Chemical weathering

d)

Physical weathering

3.

Which of the following caused the chemical weathering that formed this cave?

a)

Water mixing with carbon - creating a weak acid and dissolves rock

b)

Oxygen mixing with Iron and rusting the rock

c)

Water breaking down molecules in the rock through hydrolysis

d)

Exfoliation - New cracks give chemical reactions the chance to operate

4.
Which kind of weathering involves the breakdown of rocks through direct contact with atmospheric conditions such as heat, water, ice and pressure?
a)
physical
b)
chemical
5.
The natural chemical or physical processes that breaks down rock on Earth's surface.
a)
weathering
b)
erosion
c)
deposition
d)
jackhammering
6.
The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered rock and soil from one place to another.
a)
weathering
b)
erosion
c)
deposition
d)
dumptruck
7.

This is the product of rock being physically broken down into smaller pieces of rock.

a)

sediments

b)

sedimentry rock

c)

igneous rock

d)

metamorphic rock

8.
This type of weathering occurs when rocks weaken then break down due to chemical changes in the composition of the rock.
a)
mechanical weathering
b)
chemical weathering
c)
erosion weathering
d)
deposition
9.
These rocks were made smooth by wind blowing smaller rock particles across their surface.  This is an example of:
a)
ice wedging
b)
chemical weathering
c)
acid rain
d)
abrasion
10.
These rocks were broken apart from the continuous freeze/thaw of water in the cracks of the rocks. This is an example of:
a)
ice wedging
b)
acid rain
c)
permeability
d)
abrasion
11.

These gravestones have slowly broken down and turned a blackish color due to the action of:

a)

ice wedging

b)

abrasion

c)

acid rain

d)

physical weathering

12.

How is physical weathering different from chemical weathering?

a)

Chemical weathering happens over much shorter time frame than physical weathering.

b)

Chemical weathering changes the chemical composition of rocks; physical weathering does not.

c)

Chemical weathering occurs only in the mountains; mechanical weathering occurs only on flat land.

13.

Rocks along a riverbed that are smoothed from continuously moving water and sediment rubbing against them is an example of:

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

14.

A piece of sandstone changing color (from brown to rusty red) from exposure to water and air is an example of:

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

15.
The formation of stalactites and stalagmites in a cave as water mixed with carbon dioxide creates carbonic acid, which dissolves away the limestone, is an example of:
a)
mechanical weathering
b)
chemical weathering
16.
What part of the water cycle does this picture show?
a)
condensation
b)
precipitation
c)
evaporation
17.

What is is called when water turns into a gas?

a)

EVAPORATION

b)

PRECIPITATION

c)

TRANSPIRATION

18.

What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product through its leaves?

a)

condensation

b)

evaporation

c)

sublimation

d)

transpiration

19.
The water cycle has no start or end
a)
true
b)
false
20.

The ________ is the driving force of the water cycle

a)

sun

b)

moon

c)

stars

21.

Which stage does the #1 show in the diagram?

a)

condensation

b)

evaporation

c)

infiltration

d)

run off

22.
What is the process during which water cools and turns from a gas to a liquid?
a)
Codensation
b)
Runoff
c)
Precipitation
d)
Evaporation
23.
Which phase of the water cycle is divided into rain, sleet, hail, and snow?
a)
precipitation
b)
condensation
c)
collection
d)
evaporation
24.
What is NOT a way water could get to the ocean in this picture?
a)
rivers
b)
streams
c)
precipitation
d)
evaporation
25.

The process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.

a)

Evaporation

b)

Rain

c)

Infiltration

d)

Watershed

26.
A student looks outside her window after it has rained. She sees many puddles of water. later that same day, the puddles are gone. Which process explains why the puddles are gone? 
a)
accumulation of runoff
b)
precipitation 
c)
evaporation 
d)
condensation 
27.

When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the as carbon dioxide.

a)

Hydrosphere

b)

Atmosphere

c)

Geosphere

d)

Biosphere

28.
Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?
a)
cooking with gas
b)
planting trees
c)
burning wood
d)
riding in a bus
29.
All of the carbon in existence is continually recycled in the carbon cycle
a)
True
b)
False
30.
Organisms that do not decompose can be buried and become what?
a)
water
b)
nutrients
c)
air
d)
fossil fuels
31.
Combustion is another word for __________.
a)
Transportation
b)
Respiration
c)
Fossil Fuels
d)
Burning
32.

____________________ is a part of oceans, air, rocks, soil, and all living things.

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Water

c)

Carbon

d)

Silver

33.

When animals eat plants, the carbon that the plant contains is absorbed by the animals.

a)

True

b)

False

34.

How is the carbon cycle similar to the water cycle?

a)

Both involve liquid substances falling to the Earth from the atmosphere?

b)

Neither process works at low temperature.

c)

Both involve the transfer of substances between animals, plants, and the Earth.

d)

Both involve the transfer of substances between the earth and outer space.

35.

What is a carbon sink?

a)

Something that adds to the atmosphere.

b)

Something that removes carbon from the atmosphere.

c)

Something that adds carbon to the earth's crust.

d)

Something that removes carbon from the earth's crust.

36.

Humans burn fossil fuels and wood, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide is then absorbed by trees for photosynthesis. These processes are contributory to which chemical cycle?

a)

The carbon cycle

b)

The water cycle

c)

The nitrogen cycle

d)

The rock cycle

37.

By what method is the majority of carbon moved from the lithosphere (upper part of Earth's crust) to the atmosphere?

a)

Weathering

b)

Deposition

c)

The burning of fossil fuels

d)

Respiration

38.

What kind of organism takes out the most carbon from the atmosphere?

a)

Plants

b)

Bacteria

c)

Animals

d)

Humans

39.
This sphere includes the continents, the ocean floor, all the rocks on the surface, and all of the sand in the deserts. 
a)
Hydrosphere 
b)
Biosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Geosphere 
40.
This sphere is composed of all the living things 
a)
Hydrosphere 
b)
Biosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Geosphere 
41.
Body of air surrounding our planet. 
a)
Hydrosphere 
b)
Biosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Geosphere 
42.
Water evaporating from the surface of a lake moves from the...
a)
Atmosphere to the geosphere 
b)
Geosphere to the hydrosphere 
c)
Hydrosphere to the atmosphere 
d)
Atmosphere to the hydrosphere 
43.
When living things breathe, they interact with which of Earth's spheres? 
a)
Geosphere 
b)
Hydrosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Biosphere 
44.
Oceans, rivers, lakes, and the moisture in the air are all part of which of Earth's spheres? 
a)
Hydrosphere 
b)
Biosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Geosphere 
45.
When plants draw nutrients from the soil, the interaction is between which two spheres? 
a)
The atmosphere and the geosphere 
b)
The geosphere and the hydrosphere 
c)
The hydrosphere and atmosphere 
d)
The biosphere and the geosphere 
46.
When carbon dioxide dissolves from the air into the ocean- the interaction is between...
a)
The atmosphere and geosphere 
b)
The atmosphere and hydrosphere 
c)
The atmosphere and biosphere 
d)
The atmosphere and atmosphere 
47.
When volcanoes erupt, dust and ash particles spread through much of the air blocking the sun.  Which two spheres are interacting? 
a)
Hydrosphere and atmosphere 
b)
Geosphere and atmosphere 
c)
Biosphere and atmosphere 
d)
Atmosphere and atmosphere 
48.
When a plants takes carbon dioxide from the air which two spheres are interacting? 
a)
Biosphere and atmosphere 
b)
Geosphere and atmosphere 
c)
Hydrosphere and atmosphere 
d)
Atmosphere and atmosphere 
49.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
50.
This rock was molten lava that cooled quickly as it came out of a volcano. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
51.
Process when sediments settle out of wind or water
a)
erosion
b)
deposition
c)
compaction
d)
cementation
52.
Sediment being moved from one area to another is called
a)
erosion
b)
deposition
c)
weathering
d)
compaction
53.
The process by which igneous rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
melting and cooling
c)
compaction and cementation
54.
Wind, water, and ice breaking down rock is called
a)
Erosion
b)
Deposition
c)
Compaction
d)
Weathering
55.
What are the 3 major types of rocks?
a)
Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation
c)
Brown, Red, Gray
d)
Streak, Hardness, Breakage
56.
Which of the words below describe broken up rock?
a)
stalactites
b)
magmas
c)
metamorphs
d)
sediments
57.
When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.
a)
Compaction
b)
Cementation
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
58.
The process when rocks break into smaller pieces due to exposure to natural elements is called
a)
erosion
b)
weathering
c)
sediments
d)
deposition
59.
Which type of rock is formed from INTENSE heat and pressure?
a)
igneous
b)
sedimentary
c)
metamorphic
60.
This rock was formed when molten rock cooled into a solid. What type of rock is it?
a)
Igneous Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Sedimentary Rock
61.
Which process of chemical weathering has oxygen react with minerals, especially those that contain iron, and cause them to break down?
**Rust is an example of this process.**
a)
Oxidation
b)
Carbonation
c)
Hydation
d)
Hydrolysis
62.
Which process of chemical weathering has carbon from the air or in the soil dissolve in water to make a weak acid that can dissolve rock?
a)
Hydration
b)
Hydrolysis
c)
Oxidation
d)
Carbonation
63.

What must happen to a metamorphic rock before it becomes a sedimentary rock rock?

a)

It must be broken down into sediment

b)

It must be melted into magma

c)

Its minerals must dissolve in water

d)

It must be exposed to high temperature and pressure

64.

the reaction of minerals in a rock with water that results in a change in composition

a)

oxidation

b)

hydrolysis

c)

carbonation

d)

redox

65.

the reaction of carbon dioxide with water to form a weak acid that can dissolves minerals

a)

carbonation

b)

hydrolysis

c)

oxidation

d)

root pry

66.

the wearing down of material by bumping, bouncing, rolling and grinding against another

a)

abrasion

b)

frost action

c)

freeze thaw

d)

carbonation

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