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Rock Cycle and the Earth

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 3hrs 34mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
This rock was another type of rock that was heated and compressed over time. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
2.
This rock started as molten magma. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
3.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
4.
Cooling & crystalization produce
a)
igneous rocks
b)
metamorphic rocks
c)
sedimentary rocks
5.
True or False: Once a rock is sedimentary, it cannot become an igneous rock.
a)
True
b)
False
6.
The process when rocks break into smaller pieces due to exposure to natural elements is called
a)
erosion
b)
weathering
c)
sediments
7.
What are the 3 major types of rocks?
a)
Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation
c)
magma, lava, crystals
8.
The process by which igneous rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
melting and cooling
c)
weathering and erosion
9.
The process by which metamorphic rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
erosion and deposition
c)
melting and cooling
10.
The name rock is given when it is broken down into smaller pieces.
a)
texture
b)
weathering
c)
sediment
d)
erosion
11.
Which of the following describes rocks formed by the compaction of living things?
a)
Clastic
b)
Organic
c)
Foliated 
d)
Nonfoliated
12.

Which of the following describes rocks formed when sediments are buried, compacted, and cemented together?

a)

Clastic

b)

Organic

c)

Foliated

d)

Nonfoliated

13.

Which rock is formed form the cooling of volcanic ash on Earth's surface?

a)

intrusive igneous

b)

foliated metamorphic

c)

extrusive igneous

d)

organic sedimentary

14.

Which sedimentary rock has a fine-grained texture?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

15.

Rock made from fossils of once living plants or animals.

a)

Intrusive Igneous

b)

extrusive Igneous

c)

clastic Sedimentary

d)

organic Sedimentary

16.

Which rock can shale transform into by heat and pressure and minerals are arranged in bands/planes?

a)

nonfoliated metamorphic

b)

foliated metamorphic

c)

organic sedimentary

d)

intrusive igneous

17.

Rocks that form from colling magma inside Earth?

a)

Igneous intrusive

b)

Igneous extrusive

c)

Metamorphic foliated

d)

Metamorphic nonfoliated

18.
True/False: Igneous rocks can only turn into metamorphic rocks.
a)
True
b)
False
19.
The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together.
a)
compaction
b)
deposition
c)
organic rock
d)
cementation
20.
Each rock type can follow only one pathway of the rock cycle.
a)
True
b)
False
21.

Rocks formed under great pressure but no heat are _____.

a)

igneous

b)

metamorphic

c)

sedimentary

d)

sediment

22.

____ rocks form when rock buried deep inside the earth change without melting or weathering

a)

igneous

b)

sediment

c)

metamorphic

d)

sedimentary

23.

A rock that has cooled fast and may look like glass.

a)

igneous

b)

metamorphic

c)

sedimentary

d)

sediment

24.

Movement of the Earth's tectonic plates creates extreme _____ below Earth's surface.

a)

compaction/cementation

b)

weathering/erosion

c)

heat/pressure

d)

explosions/exchanges

25.

The best answer for section "C" in the diagram

a)

metamorphic/melting

b)

compaction/cementation

c)

weathering/erosion

d)

heat/pressure

26.

The best answer for section "A" in the diagram

a)

metamorphic/melting

b)

compaction/cementation

c)

weathering/erosion

d)

heat/pressure

27.

You find a deposit of organic limestone. In what type of rock setting did it probably form?

a)

the ocean

b)

a volcano

c)

a swamp

d)

sand dunes

28.

Which rock cycle process causes many sedimentary rocks to have visible layers?

a)

eruption

b)

intrusion

c)

crystallization

d)

deposition

29.

A naturally occurring solid that can form by inorganic processes and that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.

a)

It´s a rock

b)

It´s a crystal

c)

It´s a mineral

d)

It´s a substance

30.

All minerals are substances that where formed by

a)

volcano activity

b)

human intervention

c)

natural processes

d)

rock deposition

31.

To be classified as a mineral, a substance must satisfy this

requirement

a)

have a definite chemical composition

b)

naturally occurring

c)

be a solid

d)

all the above

32.

The streak of a mineral is the

a)

color of the rock

b)

when it carved a line in a surface

c)

is the color of it´s powder

d)

is its hardness

33.
In what type of rock can fossils be found?
a)
sedmentary
b)
igneous
c)
metamorphic
d)
all rocks
34.
Geologists have learned about the layers of the Earth by studying
a)
size of volcanoes
b)
patterns of earthquakes 
c)
presence of fossils
d)
speed and paths of seismic waves 
35.
This Earth layer is bendy, soft mantle that can flow.
a)
mesophere
b)
lithosphere
c)
asthenosphere
d)
atmosphere
36.
What is the process called that carries fragments by wind, water or ice?
a)
deposition
b)
compaction
c)
cementation
d)
erosion
37.
Cooler rock sinks as the warmer rock rises because of difference in density. What is this called?
a)
tectonics
b)
convection
c)
sea-floor spreading
d)
contiental dri
38.
The series of processes that slowly change one rock form to another is called...
a)
The CIrcle of Life
b)
The Rock Cycle
c)
The Life Cycle
d)
The Law of Gravity
39.
Which layer is the layer of the Earth that is liquid?
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer Core
d)
Inner Core
40.
What happens to the pressure and temperature as you deeper into the Earth?
a)
pressure increases, temperature decreases
b)
pressure decreases, temperture increases
c)
pressure and temperature both increase
d)
pressure and temperature both decrease
41.
What is main evidence that helps Geologists know the structure of Earth's interior?
a)
exploration of caves
b)
rock samples and seismic waves
c)
temperature measurements in deep mines
d)
observations of other planets
42.
What is happening at K?
a)
weathering  and erosion
b)
compaction, deposition and cementation
c)
cooling and melting
d)
heat and pressure
43.
What is happening at letter L?
a)
cooling and melting
b)
weathering and erosion
c)
heat adn pressure
d)
deposition, compaction and cementation
44.
Imagine that a large area of sedimentary rock gets moved deeper into Earth’s crust through tectonic plate movement. Eventually the rock melts from the high temperatures. After some time in those conditions, there is a time of cooling. What type of rock is formed at the end?
a)
sedimentary
b)
metomophic
c)
igneous
d)
no rocks
45.

Rock particles to settle at the bottom of the pond. Pressure combines these particles into a solid rock. What is the new rock called?

a)

sedimentary

b)

metamorphic

c)

igneous

d)

shale

46.
Which type of crust is thicker?
a)
pizza
b)
continental 
c)
bread
d)
oceanic
47.
What is the difference between the crust and lithosphere?
a)
crust contains the lithosphere and the uppermost layer of the mantle
b)
lithosphere contains both the crust and uppermost part of the mantle
c)
crust is below the lithosphere and contains the uppermost part of the mantle
d)
lithosphere located below the crust and contains the uppermost part of the mantle
48.

An apple is a great representation of the Earth. What is the best reason to use an apple for this comparison?

a)

The skin on a apple is very thin. The crust on the Earth is very thin.

b)

The flesh of an apple is made of the same material all the way through. The interior of the Earth is the same all the way through

c)

The seeds of the apple are very light. The Earth's core is very light.

d)

The stem of an apple comes from the core. The North Pole comes from the Earth's core.

49.

Elements in the Earth's Crust

47% Oxygen 4% Calcium

28 % Silicon 3% Sodium

8% Aluminum 3% Potassium

5% Iron 2% Magnesium


Which element makes up the majority of the Earth's Crust? And which elements makes up the least of the Earth's Crust?

a)

Oxygen, the most & Magnesium, the least

b)

Oxygen, the most & Potassium, the least

c)

Iron, the most & Sodium, the least

d)

Silicon, the most & Iron, the least

50.

Which element represents 78% on the pie graph -

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Carbon

c)

Helium

d)

Hydrogen

51.

Which elements comprise the largest portion of the atmosphere

a)

Carbon & Oxygen in the forms of oxygen and carbon dioxide

b)

Silicon & Oxygen in the form of silicon dioxide

c)

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sodium and Chlorine in the form of water and salt

d)

Nitrogen and Oxygen

52.

Our Earth has many layers...

Which layers is made up of part crust and part mantle material?

a)

Lithosphere

b)

Inner core

c)

Outer Core

d)

Asthenosphere

53.

Which process best describes how sedimentary rocks are formed?

a)

solid rock is weathered, deposited and compacted and cemented into layers

b)

rock is exposed to extreme heat and pressure deep inside the Earth

c)

lava erupts and flows down a mountain where it cools and hardens

d)

magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface

54.

The crust, the mantle and the core are considered -

a)

Physical Layers of the Earth

b)

Compositional Layers of the Earth

55.

The Lithosphere, the Asthenosphere and the Mesophere make up -

a)

The Physical Layers of the Earth

b)

The Compositional Layers of the Earth

56.
When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.
a)
Compaction
b)
Cementation
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
57.

Where are tectonic plates located?

a)

outer core

b)

lithosphere

c)

asthenosphere

d)

mesosphere

58.

Paleontologists often find fossils of the same species on different continents. Many arguments provide evidence for Pangaea. Which does not?

a)

Many of these organisms could not have traveled across the oceans to where continents are today.

b)

Large hurricanes picked up carcasses of animals and carried them.

c)

Most continents fit together like a puzzle.

d)

Convection currents cause the lithosphere to move like a conveyor belt moving the continents around.

59.

What process drives the movement of tectonic plates?

a)

movement of ocean currents

b)

gravitational pull of the moon

c)

convection currents in the mantle

d)

magnetic field of the Earth

60.

Which of the following best describes why identical fossils have been found in South America and Africa?

a)

animals could swim the Atlantic

b)

hurricanes blew them over

c)

The continents were once joined as one landmass.

d)

Nomads took them there.

61.

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of large plates and the movements of a number of smaller plates of the Earth's surface.

a)

true

b)

false

62.

What theory explains how the plates of the Earth are continually moving?

a)

Continental Drift Theory

b)

Theory of Evolution

c)

Plate Tectonic Theory

d)

Big Bang Theory

63.

What type of plate boundary has plates moving apart?

a)

divergent

b)

transform

c)

convergent

64.

What type of plate boundary has plates crashing into each other?

a)

divergent

b)

transform

c)

convergent

65.

When plates slide past each other in opposite direction, it is which type of boundary?

a)

divergent

b)

convergent

c)

transform

66.

Which events are most common along tectonic plate boundaries?

a)

earthquakes and erosion

b)

hurricanes and tsunamis

c)

earthquakes and volcanoes

d)

tidal waves and volcanoes

67.

What process is occurring at the mid-ocean ridge?

a)

divergent boundary

b)

convergent boundary

c)

subduction zone

d)

transform boundary

68.

Subduction is when one plate goes under another plate. What causes this plate to go under the other plate?

a)

it is less dense than the top plate

b)

it is more dense than the top plate

c)

the plates are part of the Ring of Fire

d)

volcanoes forced the magma to go underneath

69.

Seafloor spreading and continental drift are believed to be caused by

a)

tides

b)

convection currents in the mantle

c)

changes in the Earth's magnetic field

d)

shrinkage of the crust as the Earth cools

70.

Why do earthquakes occur near the San Andreas fault?

a)

One plate slowly pushes up the other plate

b)

A trench is created as one plate slides under the other plate.

c)

Portions of the plates get stuck and then suddenly loosen and move.

d)

One plate pushes hard enough to reverse the motion of the other plate.

71.

What type of boundary has plates that slide past each other?

a)

convergent

b)

divergent

c)

transform

d)

tension

72.

Which provides the best evidence for the theory that faults and volcanoes are results of tectonic plate interactions?

a)

Faults on tectonic plates are in constant motion, but volcanoes may not erupt for many years.

b)

Faults and volcanoes existed long before there were tectonic plates.

c)

Tectonic plates that have many faults do not usually have volcanoes.

d)

Faults and volcanoes are often found at tectonic plate boundaries.

73.

Where are the tectonic plates located?

a)

outer core

b)

crust

c)

mantle

d)

inner coure

74.

Where is the highest risk of earthquakes in the U.S.?

a)

California

b)

Washington D.C.

c)

Arkansas

d)

Utah

75.
The independent variable is the ONE thing you _____ to test your hypothesis.
a)
change
b)
keep the same
c)
experiment with
d)
investigate
76.
The variable that is measured throughout the experiment is the ________________
Hint: It may change as a result of your testing.
a)
Controlled Variable
b)
Responsive Variable
c)
Dependent Variable
d)
Independent Variable
77.
Catherine is testing which soil will help grass grow the tallest.  The height of the grown grass is the __ variable.
a)
constant (stays the same)
b)
independent (it's what you change)
c)
dependent (it's what you measure)
78.
What would the INDEPENDENT variable be in an experiment testing which  paper airplane design goes furthest?
a)
the paper used
b)
the paper airplane design
c)
the distance of each plane's flight
d)
how hard the plane is thrown
79.
When experimenting with plants to see if they grow better with or without fertilizer, a scientist uses six bean plants and one type of fertilizer. What type of variable is the fertilizer?
a)
Dependent
b)
Independent
c)
Control
d)
Compound
80.
An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk.  In this investigation, the independent variable is ...
a)
The type of plant
b)
The amount of sunlight
c)
The type of music
d)
The type of liquid