WorksheetsPhysics Review
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 31mins
How much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 500 g of lead by 10 °C? (c = 129 J/kg °C)
645 J
149 J
500 J
How do the particles in a solid move?
They roll over each other
They vibrate around a fixed point
They move in random directions
Specific latent heat is the amount of energy needed to melt or vaporise ______ at its melting or boiling point.
Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of substance by 1°C.
0.1 g
1 g
10 kg
1 kg
2 kg
How much energy does a kilogram of molten lead emit as it freezes if its latent heat of fusion is 22,400 J/kg?
22,400 J
334,000 J
4,200 J
A type of energy store. It is taken in when chemical bonds break, and given out when chemical bonds are made.
specific heat capacity
internal energy
kinetic energy
conservation of energy
chemical potential energy
Specific latent heat is the amount of energy needed to melt or vaporise 1 kg at its melting or boiling point.
Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of substance by ______.
0.1 °C
1 °C
5 °C
10 °C
2 °C
In an experiment to find the specific heat capacity of a metal block, what can be done to reduce experimental error?
Heat the block up very slowly
Insulate the metal block to prevent heat escaping into the surroundings
Use a thermometer marked off every 2°C instead of every 1°C.
Conservation of energy
The total kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles in an object.
The principle that the total energy of a system stays the same, that energy cannot be created or destroyed (only stored or transferred).
Associated with gravitational potential energy - the energy gained while rising a certain height. Measured in joules (J) .
A type of energy store. It is taken in when chemical bonds break, and given out when chemical bonds are made.
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of substance by 1°C.
Horizontal
A jagged line.
A line with a slight slope.
A line with a steep slope.
A line with zero slope.
A curved line.
When a solid turns straight into a gas on heating, without becoming a liquid first - or when a gas turns straight into a solid, without becoming a liquid.
sublimation
boiling
melting
condensing
freezing
Which of these has the largest total amount of internal (thermal) energy?
A teaspoon of hot water
A swimming pool of lukewarm water
A mug of hot water
What process occurs when a liquid absorbs energy gradually from its environment to change into a gas?
Boiling
Evaporation
Condensation
What is temperature a measure of?
The average kinetic energy of the molecules
The average size of the molecules
The average weight of the molecules
How much energy is transferred to the surroundings when 100 g of oxygen gas is condensed into a liquid at the same temperature? L = 213 kJ/kg
213 kJ
21.3 kJ
213 J
21.3 J
Some energy is given to heat some water. If three times as much water were to be heated for three times as long, how would the new temperature rise compare?
Nine times the temperature rise as before.
Three times the temperature rise as before.
The same temperature rise as before.
Which part of a cooling curve shows the changes of state?
The steepest lines.
The horizontal lines.
The vertical lines.
evaporation
When a solid turns into a liquid when heated.
When a gas turns into a liquid when heated.
When a liquid becomes solid by cooling.
When liquid is vaporised and turns to a gas.
When a gas turns into liquid when cooled.
What is the mass of 15 cm3 of a material that has a density of 50 g/cm3?
3.33 g
0.3 g
750 g
What is the volume of a sphere which has a diameter of 10 cm? You can find the volume of a sphere using 4/3πr3
523.6 cm3
4,188.8 cm3
41.9 cm3
What is the volume of 300 kg of water if it has a density of 1,000 kg/m3?
30 m3
0.3 m3
3 m3
What is the equation for density?
Mass × volume
Volume ÷ mass
Mass ÷ volume
What is the density of a material if 10 cm3 of it has a mass of 20 g?
2 g/cm3
0.5 g/cm3
200 g/cm3
A measure of compactness and the ratio of mass to volume. It is usually measured in kilograms per metre cubed (kg/m3) or grams per centimetre cubed (g/cm3).
volume
density
matter
concentration
mass
Radioactive sources are used in hospitals for both diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions, exposure of patients to ionising radiation will...(complete the sentence)
decrease the probability of causing mutation of DNA in cells
always cause burns
never cause mutation of DNA in cells
increase the probability of causing mutation of DNA in cells
Which of these is correct for half-life?
It is half the time for all the atoms to decay
It is the time it takes for an atom to half decay
It is the time it takes for half an atom to decay
It is the time it takes for half the atoms to decay
Following the radioactive decay of a nucleus, the nucleus might undergo some rearrangement, losing energy as
gamma radiation
a proton
a neutron
an X-ray
Iodine-123 is used as a radioactive tracer to diagnose thyroid problems. This tracer must have a half-life of
a few days
a few hours
less than a second
several weeks
Thorium and radium emit alpha radiation when they decay. Alpha radiation (complete the sentence)
can penetrate a few mm of aluminium
is highly ionising
is a type of electromagnetic radiation
has a negative charge
If food has been deliberately exposed to gamma radiation, the gamma radiation is used to
produce cancer cells in the food
kill cancer in the food
kill microbes in the food
make the food radioactive
Radioactive decay is sometimes described as being spontaneous. In this context spontaneous means
nothing can influence the decay
the decay is random
the decay can be predicted
the decay is exponential
The ionising properties of radiations determine their penetrating power. Which of the following statements is correct?
α-particles are not very ionising so they are stopped by thin paper.
α-particles are very ionising so can only travel a few centimetres in air
γ-radiation is very penetrating because it is very ionising
γ-radiation is not very penetrating because it is very ionising
A radioactive source is placed a few cm away from a detector. There is no change in the count rate when a thin aluminium foil is placed between the source and the detector, but the count rate is reduced to the background rate when a 0.5 cm aluminium plate is introduced. These observations show that the source must be emitting
alpha and beta radiation.
beta and gamma radiation.
beta radiation only.
gamma radiation only.
In a famous thought experiment, Schrödinger imagined that a cat is locked in a box, along with a radioactive atom that is connected to a tube containing a deadly poison. If the atom decays, it causes the tube to smash and the cat to die. The random nature of radioactive decay means that the radioactive atom will
decay after one half-life.
probably decay after one half-life.0
have a fixed probability of decaying in a given time interval.
have a number of possible decay paths.
In an experiment to measure the activity of a radioactive source the measured activity should always be corrected by
adding the background count.
adding the background count rate.
subtracting the background count.
subtracting the background count rate.
Select the row of the table that describes the relative ionisation and relative penetration of nuclear radiations.
A
B
C
D
Radioactive decay is said to be a spontaneous process.
This means that
we cannot know when a nucleus will decay
we cannot know which nucleus will decay next
we cannot know how many nuclei will decay
we cannot influence when a nucleus will decay
Which of these particles has the largest charge?
alpha particle
beta particle
neutron
proton
Which of these particles has the largest mass?
alpha particle
beta particle
neutron
proton
When a nucleus emits a beta particle
the nucleon number decreases by 1
the nucleon number increases by 1
the proton number decreases by 1
the proton number increases by 1
What is the half-life of Phosphorous 32 as shown in the graph?
14 days
90 cpm
8 days
28 days
Protactinium has a half-life of 70 s. A sample of protactinium is prepared and monitored over a period of time. Which of the following statements is correct?
The activity of the protactinium will be zero after 140 s.
The activity of the protactinium will be 25% of its initial value after 140 s.
The activity of the protactinium will be 12.5% of its initial value after 280 s.
The activity of the protactinium will never become zero.
An isotope of an element has the same number of _________, but a different number of _________.
Protons, electrons
Protons, neutrons
Electrons, neutrons
Neutrons, protons
A radioactive nuclide has a ____ stable nucleus than a non-radioactive nucleus of the same element.
more
less
identical
small
Which type of radiation releases an electron?
Alpha radiation
Beta radiation
Gamma radiation
Theta radiation
What particle is released when an unstable isotope undergoes alpha radiation?
a helium nucleus
an electron
a photon of light
a neutron
The three types of nuclear radiation in order of least to most penetrating power are
alpha, beta, gamma
alpha, gamma, beta
beta, alpha, gamma
gamma, alpha, beta
What pressure does a 4000N horse exert on the ground if each foot is 10cm2?
40 N/cm2
100 N/cm2
400 N/cm2
10 N/cm2
The pressure of sea water at the bottom of the sea is 1.2 × 108 N m–2.
Determine the depth of the sea.
[Density of sea water = 1020 kg m–3]
1.18×104 m
1.18×105 m
1.18×106 m
1.18×109 m
