What is the 6th amendment?

What were the names of the 2 women that accused the boys of raping them?

Why did the 2 women lie about being raped?

What does the 6th Amendment state?

“The trial was held in Scottsboro just two weeks after the arrests, and an all-white jury quickly recommended the death penalty for eight of the nine boys, all except 13-year-old Leroy Wright” . How does this fact contribute to the development of ideas of injustice in the video?

The officers escorted him to the execution room where they placed him in the electric chair, using a __________ he was carrying as a booster seat because George was so small.[

The 8th Amendment prevents which of the following real-life examples?

What right is NOT included in the 8th Amendment?

True or False: The 8th Amendment has changed overtime

What is an example of Cruel and Unusual Punishment?

The Supreme Court, in Roper v. Simmons, strikes down state death penalty laws for those seventeen and younger as “cruel and unusual” punishment. The majority cites changing public opinion and notes that the United States stands “alone in a world that has turned its face against the juvenile death penalty.” The decision will result in a new sentence for Christopher Simmons and likely new sentences for seventy-two juvenile offenders on state death rows at the time of the ruling.

Concerned about an increase in crime, Congress passes the Bail Reform Act of 1984, which for the first time allows suspects to be detained solely on an appearance of dangerousness. In United States v. Salerno, the U.S. Supreme Court upholds the Bail Reform Act of 1984, finding that it does not violate the _______ Amendment’s prohibition against “excessive” bail. The Court rejects the defendant’s argument that the only consideration in setting bail should be figuring out how much money will be enough to prevent a defendant from fleeing before trial. Instead, the Court finds that protection of the public also can be a basis for determining the level of bail, or even for denying bail entirely.

Arkansas has a practice of placing prisoners in isolation cells for thirty-day periods as punishment for breaking prison rules. In Hutto v. Finney, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that it is “cruel and unusual” punishment. The Court bases its ruling not on the length of time that prisoners are isolated, but on the overall conditions in the prisons.

In Ingraham v. Wright, the U.S. Supreme Court refuses to find that the _________ Amendment bars punishment of schoolchildren by “paddling.” Based on the amendment’s history and its language, the Court concludes that the amendment applies only to punishment of criminal offenses, not civil offenses such as breaking school rules.

The U.S. Supreme Court decides three cases known as a group by the name of Furman v. Georgia, finding that Georgia’s death penalty statute, which gives juries complete discretion in sentencing, violates the ____________Amendment, arguing that death penalties had been rendered in an arbitrary and discriminatory manner. This ends Georgia’s death penalty and those in forty other states. Thirty-five states draft new death penalty laws to meet the Supreme Court’s concerns. Some create sentencing guidelines for judges and juries. Some create a specific list of crimes for which the death penalty is mandated, and others draft a list of “aggravating” and “mitigating” factors to help judges and juries decide the appropriateness of the penalty in each case.

When New York State allows the use of the newly invented electric chair for executions, the U.S. Supreme Court, in In re Kemmler, rules that it is constitutional. Only if the chosen method of execution involves “torture or a lingering death” does it violate the __________Amendment.

When New York State allows the use of the newly invented electric chair for executions, the U.S. Supreme Through the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress establishes the federal judicial system. One of its provisions states that whenever an arrest occurs in a criminal case, bail shall be available, except if the crime is punishable by death. In those cases, bail may be available, if a judge decides that it is appropriate under the circumstances.

The better-known component of the ____________ Amendment is its prohibition against “cruel and unusual” punishment. The phrase was originally intended to outlaw gruesome methods of punishment, such as torture or burning at the stake, but the courts have broadened it over the years to protect against punishments that are deemed too harsh for the particular crime. This Amendment challenges to the death penalty have often focused on whether certain offenders, such as juveniles or the mentally retarded, should be subject to a sentence of death, and whether death sentences have been decided fairly or have been tainted by racial bias. The “cruel and unusual” provision has also been used to challenge grossly unsanitary or otherwise deficient prison conditions.

The _____________Amendment deals with bail, the money that defendants pay in exchange for their release from jail before trial. This money is returned to the defendants when they appear at trial, but the government keeps the money if a defendant does not appear. Bail is an incentive for a defendant to remain in the area and participate in the trial. Bail also promotes the ideal of being “innocent until proven guilty,” in that defendants are not punished with jail time prior to conviction and sentencing.

The _____________ Amendment ensures that bail cannot be excessive, set so high that only the richest defendants can afford it. However, the Supreme Court has identified certain circumstances in which courts can refuse bail entirely, such as when a defendant shows a significant risk of fleeing or poses a danger to the community.

Perhaps the highest bail amount ever set in the U.S. was against the co-operator of an Ohio brothel. Freeman was arrested in 2005 and, along with her codefendants, was charged with operating a house of prostitution in the city of Columbus. Though Freeman was not considered dangerous, the State asked for a high bail amount, stating that they believed Freeman to be a high flight risk. The judge complied and set bail at $1 billion.

“Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” This amendment prohibits the federal government from imposing unduly harsh penalties on criminal defendants, either as the price for obtaining pretrial release or as punishment for crime after conviction.

Are some modern methods of punishment – such as the extended use of solitary confinement, or the use of a three-drug “cocktail” to execute offenders – sufficiently “barbaric” to violate the __________Amendment?

Protects against cruel and unusual punishment and unreasonable bail.

The_______________ Amendment to the Constitution, which prohibits “cruel and unusual punishments,” also says “excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed.”

But last year, the Indiana Supreme Court upheld the state’s seizure of a $42,000 Land Rover from a man who made two small drug sales valued at under $400. It rejected his claim that this was “excessive” and ruled the ____________________Amendment did not protect him.

Protection from cruel and unusual punishment. Protection from excessive bail.

Which amendment prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment?

Which amendment protects you from cruel and unusual punishments and excessive bail and fines?

A public school principal smells smoke in the hallway, and believes it is coming from the girls’ bathroom. She walks into the bathroom and finds Susan standing by the sink. She suspects Susan has been smoking, and demands to search her purse for cigarettes or other evidence of smoking. Which amendment was violated?

bail can be set and can’t be too high or punishment too severe

8th Amendment

Scenario #3

Carolyn is arrested for shoplifting a candy bar from a grocery store. At trial, she Is found guilty. The judge decides that the right punishment is to cut her hand off so that she will not be able to shoplift again.

Scenario #6

Mrs. Garcia saw her friend commit a murder. But she lies in court and says she did not see anything. The friend is found guilty anyway because of the testimony of other witnesses. Mrs. Garcia is arrested for lying under oath and her eyes are cut out for this.

 It took 10 minutes to convict George Stinney & ______ years after his execution to exonerate him. In March 1944, deep in the Jim Crow South, police came for 14-year-old George Stinney. Without any physical evidence or eyewitnesses, Stinney was charged with the first-degree murders of 11 year old Betty Binnicker and 7 year old Mary Thames in Alcolu, South Carolina. According to the police, the two young white girls were found brutally murdered, beaten over the head with a railroad spike and dumped into a water-logged ditch. Stinney's entire jury was white due to racial segregation; and even worse, his family was ran out of town, leaving young Stinney with no support during his trial. His lawyer, who was no help in the case had never represented a criminal defendant.

Even though there were rumors that the girls had a stopover at a prominent white family’s house, the police never investigated them nor did they search for a white killer. After receiving reports that the girls had stopped at Stinney’s house, the law enforcement officers arrested George Stinney Jr. and his older brother Johnny. Although they released Johnny, they kept ______-year-old George in custody.

 It took _____ minutes to convict George Stinney & 70 years after his execution to exonerate him. In March 1944, deep in the Jim Crow South, police came for 14-year-old George Stinney. Without any physical evidence or eyewitnesses, Stinney was charged with the first-degree murders of 11 year old Betty Binnicker and 7 year old Mary Thames in Alcolu, South Carolina. According to the police, the two young white girls were found brutally murdered, beaten over the head with a railroad spike and dumped into a water-logged ditch. Stinney's entire jury was white due to racial segregation; and even worse, his family was ran out of town, leaving young Stinney with no support during his trial. His lawyer, who was no help in the case had never represented a criminal defendant.

In 1944 a black teenager named ___________ was accused of murdering two white girls on flimsy evidence, he was tried without legal representation with an all-white jury, and he was executed by electric chair at the age of 14

George Stinney Jr. was the youngest person sentenced to ___________ in the 20th century in the United States. He was wrongfully convicted at age 14 of the murder of two white girls ages 7 and 11. His conviction was vacated in 2014 when a court ruled that he had not received a fair trial.

When 14-year-old George Stinney was executed in the _________ he was too short for the chair so he used his Bible as a booster seat.

When 14-year-old George Stinney was executed in the electric chair he was too short for the chair so he used his _______ as a booster seat.

14 year old George Stinney was executed by electric chair _____days after being arrested for the murder of two white girls. Only evidence in the trial was a confession taken illegally .

The youngest person executed in the USA was George Stinney, a 5-foot, 14-year old black boy, accused of murdering two ______ girls in 1944. There have been current efforts to exonerate him.

The Clarendon County Courthouse appointed Charles Plowden as his lawyer. However, Plowden did little to nothing to defend Stinney. During a trial that lasted only _____hours, Plowden failed to call any witnesses to the stand or present any evidence which would convince the jury of George Stinney Jr.’s innocence. The only significant evidence against him was his alleged confession, although a written record of his confession was not produced.

On June 16, 1944, George Stinney Jr. was set to be executed at the South Carolina State Penitentiary in Columbia. He walked into the execution chamber in loose-fitting overalls with a bible tucked under his arm. At the time of his execution, he was 5’1″ and weighed _____ lbs.

Before executing him, the prison authorities asked him if he had any last words. To which he replied “No sir”. The prison doctor then questioned him “You don’t want to say anything about what you did?”, again, he replied “No sir”.

Stinney was then strapped to an adult size electric chair and covered with a mask that was too big for him. Officials then turned on the switch. The first jolt of electricity caused the mask to slip from Stinney’s face, to reveal his teary-eyed expression. Subsequently, after _____more jolts of electricity, Stinney was declared dead.

14-year-old George Stinney Jr. became the youngest American and also the youngest human in the 20th century to be executed by electrocution.

Which Amendment is this?

"All persons born or naturalized in the United State . . . are citizens of the United States and . . . [no state can] deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny . . .the equal protection of the laws.

How did the Scottsboro Boys’ trial progress?

The U.S. Supreme Court ruling...

How did the Scottsboro cases affect the U.S.?

“The trial was held in Scottsboro just two weeks after the arrests, and an all-white jury quickly recommended the death penalty for eight of the nine boys, all except 13-year-old Leroy Wright” . How does the quoted sentence contribute to the development of ideas in the case?

Which statement best identifies the central idea of the case?             

How did the Scottsboro cases affect the U.S.?

By the end, what happened to the Scottsboro boys?

What right is NOT included in the 8th Amendment?

The Court doesn't believe any punishment is "cruel and unusual" if someone is a criminal.

"Cruel and unusual" under the Constitution might be different from your personal definition of what is "cruel and unusual."

Whether a punishment is "cruel and unusual" under the Constitution often depends on the details of the situation.

Four-year-old Joshua DeShaney lived with his father, who physically abused him, in Neenah, Wisconsin. At one point, the State Department of Social Services took custody of Joshua but returned him after three days. Later, Joshua was hospitalized with bruises all over his body and severe brain damage. He survived, but was permanently paralyzed and mentally disabled. His father was convicted of child abuse and sent to prison. Joshua's mother sued the Department of Social Services for returning him to his father. She argued that the department had a duty to protect her son under the Fourteenth Amendment, which forbids the state from depriving "any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law."