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Theme 7 Review - Ecology

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The ____________ is the portion of the Earth which contains all life.
a)
Ecosystem
b)
Population
c)
Community
d)
Biosphere
2.
Which of the following represents a POPULATION?
a)
One single alligator.
b)
A group of alligators. 
c)
Alligators, fishes, grasses, mushrooms, and bacteria.
d)
Alligators, fishes, mushrooms, bacteria, rocks, water, soil, and sunlight.
3.
Which of the following make up an ECOSYSTEM?
a)
A group of snakes.
b)
Snakes, lizards, and cacti.
c)
Snakes, lizards, cacti, sand, sunlight, rocks, and temperature (heat).
d)
Sand, sunlight, rocks, and temperature (heat).
4.
What are the major categories used to classify biomes?
a)
Annual precipitation, adaptations and sunlight.
b)
Sunlight, annual precipitation, and animals.
c)
Latitude, longitude, annual temperature, and annual precipitation.
d)
Annual temperature, annual precipitation, plants and animals.
5.
Which terrestrial biome is classified by cool summers, very cold winters, and evergreen plants with waxy needles (pine, spruce, fir, etc)?
a)
Coniferous Forest (Taiga/Boreal Forest)
b)
Temperate Deciduous Forest
c)
Tropical Rainforest
d)
Tundra
6.
Which terrestrial biome is characterized by mild summers, cool winters and trees which lose their leaves in order to conserve water?
a)
Coniferous Forest (Taiga/Boreal Forest)
b)
Temperate Deciduous Forest
c)
Tropical Rainforest
d)
Tundra
7.
The light blue coloring on the map illustrates the location of the ______________, a terrestrial biome characterized by short and cool summers, harsh and long winters, small shrub plants with little root systems, and a permanently frozen layer of soil known as permafrost.
a)
Coniferous Forest (Taiga/Boreal Forest)
b)
Temperate Deciduous Forest
c)
Tropical Rainforest
d)
Tundra
8.
Which terrestrial biome is characterized by very hot days, cool nights, precipitation less than 25cm per years, and plants with thick and waxy cuticles in order to conserve water?
a)
Desert
b)
Tropical Rainforest
c)
Coniferous Forest (Taiga/Boreal Forest)
d)
Grassland
9.
The climatogram illustrates the annual precipitation and annual temperature data from which terrestrial biome?
a)
Tundra
b)
Coniferous Forest (Taiga/Boreal Forest)
c)
Grassland
d)
Tropical Rainforest
10.
Using the graph, which terrestrial biome would you expect to have an annual temperature of 25°C and annual precipitation of 75cm?
a)
Shrubland
b)
Savanna
c)
Desert
d)
Tropical Rainforest
11.
Which of the following best explains why you find a smaller number and variety of organisms in the profundal zone of lakes and ponds?
a)
More sunlight and colder water.
b)
More sunlight and warmer water.
c)
Less sunlight and colder water.
d)
Less sunlight and warmer water.
12.
Coral reefs are found in the neritic zone of the marine biome. Which of the following best explains why coral reefs are capable of supporting such biodiversity?
a)
More sunlight and warmer waters.
b)
More sunlight and colder waters.
c)
Less sunlight and warmer waters.
d)
Less sunlight and colder waters.
13.
What is a limiting factor?
a)
Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the size of a population.
b)
The maximum number of a population an ecosystem can hold.
c)
A geologic event which controls living space.
d)
The role an organism plays in its environment.
14.
Which of the following would be an example of a DENSITY DEPENDENT limiting factor?
a)
Disease
b)
Flood
c)
Fire
d)
Volcanic Eruption
15.
A density ____________ factor limits the size of a population, no matter the size of a population.
a)
Independent
b)
Dependent
c)
Capacity
d)
Primary
16.
What is it called when one or more organisms try to utilize the same resource? For example, trees in the rainforest all trying to use the same sunlight and water.
a)
Competition
b)
Predation
c)
Symbiosis
d)
Parasitism
17.
Define predation.
a)
A long term relationship between two species.
b)
When one organism hunts and kills another.
c)
When multiple organisms try to utilize the same resources. 
d)
A relationship in which both species benefit.
18.
Producers, also known as __________, are organisms which are capable of producing their own food through the process of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
a)
Autotrophs
b)
Heterotrophs
c)
Consumers
d)
Herbivores
19.
True or False: A heterotroph is an organism which must consume another organism in order to obtain energy.
a)
True
b)
False
20.
Herbivores consume...
a)
Plants only
b)
Animals only
c)
Both plants and animals
d)
Decomposing organisms
21.
Omnivores consume...
a)
Plants Only
b)
Animals Only
c)
Both Plants and Animals
d)
Decomposing Organisms
22.
Fungi, such as mushrooms, can be classified as 
a)
Autotrophs
b)
Carnivores
c)
Producers
d)
Decomposers
23.
Each step of a food chain, food web, or energy pyramid is known as a __________
a)
Producer level
b)
Food level
c)
Trophic level
d)
Consumption level
24.
Using the food web image, which of the following statements is correct?
a)
An increase in rabbits would lead to a decrease in mountain lions.
b)
A decrease in snakes would lead to a decrease in hawks.
c)
Rabbits are omnivores. 
d)
Snakes are primary consumers.
25.
Using the food web image, what would be the most direct result if there was a sudden increase in southern leopard frogs?
a)
A decrease in raccoons. 
b)
A decrease in alligators. 
c)
An increase in butterfly orchids.
d)
A decrease in mosquitos.
26.
What percent of energy is retained (passed on) from one trophic level to the next?
a)
50%
b)
100%
c)
10%
d)
90%
27.
In the food chain image, to what trophic level does the frog belong?
a)
Quaternary Consumer
b)
Primary Consumer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Tertiary Consumer
28.
Using the energy pyramid image, you would expect to see the greatest number of which organism?
a)
Plants
b)
Small mammals and insects
c)
Snakes and small birds
d)
Birds of prey
29.
What is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment?
a)
Ecology
b)
Zoology
c)
Botany
d)
Geology
30.
Which of the following would be an example of an animal adaptation seen in the DESERT?
a)
Thick, scaly skin to withstand high heat.
b)
Large ears to allow heat to escape.
c)
Ability to retain water for long periods.
d)
All of the above.
31.
Which of the following would be an example of a plant adaptation seen in the CONIFEROUS FOREST?
a)
Broad leaves for capturing sunlight.
b)
Leaves that fall in autumn.
c)
Cones and needle-like leaves.
d)
Flowers that bloom at night.
32.
Of the terrestrial biomes, which is the most biodiverse?
a)
Tropical Rainforest
b)
Deciduous Forest
c)
Desert
d)
Coniferous Forest
33.
Use the graph - which biome has an annual precip of 25cm and an annual temp of 25C?
a)
Tropical Rainforest
b)
Tundra
c)
Desert
d)
Grassland
34.
Which of the following would be a plant adaptation in the tropical rainforest?
a)
Broad leaves to capture sunlight.
b)
Leaves that fall in autumn.
c)
Cones and needle like leaves.
d)
Flowers that bloom at night.
35.
The word "marine" means...
a)
Water
b)
Salt Water
c)
Fresh Water
d)
Mix of Fresh and Salt Water
36.
According to the map, which biome would you expect to find at the equator?
a)
Shrubland
b)
Tropical Rainforest
c)
Tundra
d)
Deciduous Forest
37.
According to the diagram, which biome would you expect to find at the highest ALTITUDE (elevation)?
a)
Coniferous Forest (Taiga)
b)
Tundra
c)
Tropical Rainforest
d)
Temperate Rainforest
38.
An organism that produces its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(an)
a)
heterotroph
b)
consumer
c)
detritivore
d)
autotroph
39.

Which type of symbiotic relationship is represented by this image where one benefits and the other is harmed?

a)

parasitism

b)

mutualism

c)

commensalism

d)

nonalism

40.

What is a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit?

a)

competition

b)

Mutualism

c)

nitrogen fixation

d)

energy pyramid

41.

A living relationship between two species in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected is...

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

d)

niche

42.

What does a food web represent?

a)

All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.

b)

The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.

c)

A single pathway or energy flow between organisms.

d)

How carnivores get their food.

43.
The nonliving aspects of an ecosystem.
a)
Abiotic factors
b)
Biotic factors
44.
The living portions of the ecosystem.
a)
Biotic factors
b)
Abiotic factors
45.

Which greenhouse gas has been linked to an increase in global temperature?

a)

nitrogen

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

carbonic acid

46.

What is this image an example of?

a)

biomagnification

b)

bioaccumulation

c)

eutrophication

d)

mermaid tears

47.

What is this image an example of?

a)

biomagnification

b)

bioaccumulation

c)

eutrophicaton

d)

ocean acidification

48.
The diagram below shows the cycling of nutrients in an ecosystem.
The removal of which of the following groups would cause an immediate decrease in the amount of energy flowing through the system?
a)
Producers
b)
Consumers
c)
Decomposers
d)
Inorganic nutrients
49.
which symbiosis is this 
a)
parasitism 
b)
mutualism
c)
commensalism
d)
nonalism 
50.
symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit
a)
competition
b)
Mutualism
c)
nitrogen fixation
d)
energy pyramid
51.
A pond ecosystem is shown in the diagram below. Which statement describes an interaction that helps maintain the dynamic equilibrium of this ecosystem?
Which statement describes an interaction that helps maintain the dynamic equilibrium of this ecosystem?
a)
The frogs make energy available to this ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis.
b)
The algae directly provide food for both the rotifers and the catfish.
c)
The green-backed heron provides energy for the mosquito larvae.
d)
The catfish population helps control the populations of water boatman and waterfleas.
52.

The end result of ecological succession is usually a(n)

a)

land biome.

b)

aquatic biome.

c)

unstable community.

d)

climax community.

53.

Which of the following is not a possible cause of ecological succession?

a)

fire

b)

flood

c)

earthquake

d)

change of season

54.

Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

a)

lichens growing on rocks following a volcanic eruption

b)

grasses growing after a forest fire

c)

oak trees replacing pine trees in a forest

d)

non-native species introduced into a climax community

55.

How has the invasion of pythons effected the everglades ecosystem in terms of species numbers?

a)

The pythons could upset the territorial boundaries of native organisms.

b)

The pythons could adapt to overcome diseases common to native snakes.

c)

The pythons could prey on native organisms and cause native populations to decline.

d)

The pythons could begin to interbreed with native snakes and produce a more successful species.

56.

Which of the following best

describes biodiversity

a)

a diverse Biology class

b)

variety of all life on earth

c)

a variety of plants

d)

a variety of animals

57.

Abandoned railroad tracks are overgrown with weeds. Ten years later there are small aspen trees growing in the middle of the tracks. This change is an example of:

a)

Primary succession

b)

Biological evolution

c)

Secondary succession

d)

Heterotrophic nutrition

58.

_____ have a high reproductive rates, short-life spans, and do not care for their offspring.

a)

R-strategists

b)

K-strategists

c)

B strategists

d)

Z-Strategists

59.

______ have a long life spans, care for their young, reproduce slowly, and have larger body sizes.

a)

r strategists

b)

k strategists

c)

b strategists

d)

z strategists

60.

The image shows an example of a:

a)

R- Strategist

b)

K- Strategist

61.

The image shows an example of a:

a)

R-Strategists

b)

K- Strategists

62.
Angel was trying to explain carrying capacity to her mother.  Which of the following descriptions is accurate? Carrying capacity is :
a)
the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can sustain. 
b)
 the ability of an environment to accommodate a growing population. 
c)
the greatest number of individuals that an area can sustain over the long term. 
d)
the maximum number of species that can co-exist in an area. 
63.
 Jenn is studying a population of fish found in a pond that has a decreasing carrying capacity.  Which of the following factors would not decrease the carrying capacity of her fish? 
a)
drought
b)
flooding
c)
food shortages 
d)
 a freeze  
64.
Which of the following is a limiting factor in a population of organisms
a)
reproductive replacement
b)
 life spans of the members
c)
fluctuations in atmospheric temperature
d)
availability of food
65.
What does the graph represent?
a)
Emigration
b)
Exponential growth
c)
Immigration
d)
Logistic Growth
66.
Which limiting factor would increase due to the number of individuals in a population?
a)
Unusual weather
b)
Natural disaster
c)
Births
d)
Disease
67.
Which limiting factor is independent of the number of individuals in a population?
a)
competition
b)
parasitism/disease
c)
stress
d)
natural disasters
68.
What type of growth does the red line show?
a)
exponential growth 
b)
logistical growth
69.

What is the carrying capacity of this population?

a)

525

b)

500

c)

300

d)

0

70.
The shrew provides energy for the _______?
a)
cricket
b)
grasshopper
c)
frog
d)
snake
71.
All food chains begin with a ____________.
a)
primary consumer
b)
secondary consumer
c)
producers
d)
scavengers
72.
Which is NOT a process of the water cycle?
a)
precipitation
b)
freezing
c)
transpiration
d)
evaporation
73.
The process of plants losing water through their leaves is called ____.
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
transpiration
d)
exhaling
74.
What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
a)
hydrogen
b)
oxygen
c)
helium
d)
nitrogen
75.
What happens during the process of denitrification?
a)
Nitrogen compounds turn into free nitrogen
b)
Free nitrogen turns into nitrogen compounds
76.
Which is NOT a way that nitrogen compounds are added to the soil?
a)
Decay of dead organisms
b)
Denitrification
c)
Animal waste
d)
Nitrogen-fixation
77.
What is the only process that removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
combustion
b)
cellular respiration
c)
photosynthesis
d)
decomposition
78.
What 2 things does a plant make during photosynthesis?
a)
oxygen, glucose
b)
glucose, carbon dioxide
c)
useable energy, glucose
d)
oxygen, carbon dioxide
79.
How does carbon get from plants to animals?
a)
through food
b)
in the air
c)
through water
d)
Fedex
80.
How is Nitrogen removed from the air and put into compound that living things can use?
a)
plants
b)
photosynthesis
c)
chemosynthesis
d)
nitrogen fixing bacteria
81.
Which of the following add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
a)
volcanoes
b)
combustion of fossil fuels
c)
animal and plant respiration
d)
all of these
82.
Plants and animals need nitrogen to make __________.
a)
Protein
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Lipids
d)
Nucleic Acids
83.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle
84.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle
85.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle.
86.
Which nutrient is not cycled through the atmosphere?
a)
carbon
b)
nitrogen
c)
phosphorous
d)
water
87.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
88.

How can an algal bloom (eutrophication) lead to a decrease in dissolved oxygen? Select all that apply.

a)

Algae is a heterotroph and consumes more oxygen than it produces.

b)

Decreased light penetration limits photosynthesis below the surface.

c)

Bacteria consume oxygen as they decompose dead algae and other organisms.

d)

Decomposes that would have produced oxygen are outcompeted by algae.

89.

A new golf course is built next to a river. Over the past several months, the nitrate levels of the water in the river have been increasing. Which best explains the cause of the increasing nitrate levels?

a)

increased growth of algae

b)

decreased biodiversity

c)

runoff from fertilizer

d)

chemical reactions with pesticides and fertilizers

90.

Which organism in the food web would

contain the highest concentration of chemical pollutants?

a)

producers

b)

primary consumers

c)

secondary consumers

d)

tertiary consumers

91.

Most health experts recommend only eating tuna a few times a week and only eating shark a few times a month. Why would health experts have this view of eating these fish?

a)

Most fish are low in protein and high in saturated fats which can cause health problems

b)

People with diets high in fish tend to have high blood pressure and heart issues

c)

Eating these fish could result in the buildup of pollutants in the fat tissue of humans

92.

Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas supply much of the world's energy. However, these fuels have a tremendous negative effect on the environment. Which of the following would be the best strategy to alleviate this problem?

a)

Impose fines on individuals that overuse fossil fuels and use the money for environmental cleanup.

b)

Educate society on the harmful effects and gradually replace fossil fuels with alternative renewable resources.

c)

Fund scientific research for discovering new energy sources and use the remaining supply of fossil fuels until then.

d)

Create an environmental policy that would ban the use of all fossil fuels due to the negative environmental effects.

93.
Which Hardy-Weinberg equation represents the genotype frequencies in a population?
a)
p + q = 1
b)
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
c)
p2 + pq2 + q2 = 1
d)
p + 2pq + q3 = 1
94.
Which Hardy-Weinberg factor represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals in a population?
a)
p2
b)
2pq
c)
q2
d)
p2 + 2pq
95.
In the Hardy-Weinberg Equation, q2 is the frequency of what?
a)
The recessive allele 
b)
the dominant allele
c)
the recessive genotype
d)
the dominant genotype
96.
A population of 150 individuals has an allele frequency of 0.3 for the dominant allele (B) and a frequency of 0.7 for the recessive allele (b). Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to determine the frequency of the genotype (bb).
a)
0.09
b)
0.42
c)
0.49
d)
0.21
97.

The allele frequency of p=.20 What is the percentage of Heterozygous Dominant genotype?

a)

.80

b)

.04

c)

.32

d)

.64

98.

The allele frequency of p=.20 What is the percentage of recessive genotype?

a)

.80

b)

.04

c)

.32

d)

.64

99.

The allele frequency of p=.20 What is q?

a)

.80

b)

.04

c)

.32

d)

.64

100.

If a population experiences no migration, is very large, has no mutations, has random mating, and there is no selection, which of the following would you predict?

a)

The population will evolve, but much more slowly than normal

b)

The makeup of the population's gene pool will remain virtually the same as long as these conditions hold.

c)

The composition of the population's gene pool will change slowly in a predictable manner.

d)

Dominant alleles in the population's gene pool will slowly increase in frequency while recessive alleles will decrease.

e)

The population probably has an equal frequency of A and a alleles.

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