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WorksheetsRocks and geologic history
Total questions: 74
Worksheet time: 37mins
What is a mineral
Synthetic, organic, solid, variable chemistry, definite structure
Synthetic, inorganic, liquid, variable chemistry, definite structure
naturally occurring inorganic, gas, variable chemistry, definite structure
naturally occuring, inorganic, solid, definite chemistry, definite structure
Fine-grained igneous rocks indicate:
Fast cooling
Melting of pre-existing rock
Melting of a source with many minerals
Rock is part of a pluton
Slow cooling
Which set of conditions favor melting of a solid, hot rock in the mantle:
Water, High pressure, Low temp
Water, Low pressure, High Temp
no water, high pressure, low temp
no water, low pressure, low temp
Which magma type has the highest viscosity?
Basalt
Andesite
Rhyolite
The last two minerals to crystallize in a andesitic magma would be?
Quartz and orthoclase (potassium feldspar)
Sodium-rich plagioclase and biotite
Amphibole and plagioclase
Pyroxene and plagioclase
Olivine and calcium rich plagioclase
Which igneous texture is classified by crystals you can't see with your eye?
Phaneritic
Pegmatite
Aphanitic
glassy
The presence of bubbles in a rock must mean:
Contact metamorphism
intrusive igneous
regional metamorphic
detrital sedimentary
extrusive igneous
Which mineral in bowen's reaction series contains a substitution of sodium for calcium
Plagioclase
Orthoclase (potassium feldspar)
Amphibole
Mica
Detrital sedimentary rocks can be derived from:
Igneous rock
igneous and sedimentary rocks
Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks
Igneous and metamorphic rocks
Which of the following rocks might give clues about climate conditions in Earth's past?
Sandstone
Gniess
Absarokite
Rhyolite
Which process can convert shale to clay?
Melting
Recyrstallization
Contact metamorphism
Cementation
Weathering and erosion
The primary characteristics of ALL sedimentary rocks is:
precipitation from solution
crystallization from a silicate liquid
accumulation of sediment as layers
recrystallization in a solid state
Rocks formed by the addition of heat and pressure to rocks during folding and faulting:
Igenous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Which of these depositional environments for sedimentary rocks would be characterized by sorted sand with ripple marks that are asymmetrical?
stream
dune
glacial
beach
Foliation in schist is commonly defined by:
Alternating layers of light and dark minerals
parallel alignment of mica crystals
splitting along weak layers
equidimensional crystals
Foliation of gneiss is defined by
alternating layers of light and dark minerals
parallel alignment of mica crystals
splitting of weak layers
equidimensional crystals.
The primary characteristics of all metamorphic rocks is:
precipitation from solution
crystallization from a silicate liquid
accumulation of sediment as layers
recrystallization in a solid state
A coarse-grained plutonic or intrusive rock made mostly of calcium rich plagioclase feldspar, with lesser amount ferromagnesian minerals is called:
Basalt
Granite
Gabbro
Andesite
Rhyolite
In a magma, pyroxene reacts with the magma to form
amphibole
biotite
pyroxene
plagioclase
quartz
What igneous texture is characterized by visible crystals "floating" in a fine-grained groundmass?
Intrusive
porphyry
pegmatite
glassy
vesicular
A relatively common intermediate, coarse grained igneous rock:
amhibolite
basalt
diorite
granite
Gneiss
A fine grained igneous rock made entirely of dark minerals:
Basalt
Andesite
Gabbro
Diorite
A coarse grained felsic igneous rock
Gabbro
Granite
Diorite
Rhyolite
In magma, olivine reacts to form:
Amphibole
biotite
olivine
pyroxene
The parent rock for quartzite:
shale
basalt
limestone
sandstone
A foliated rock consisting of layers defined by visible mica crystals:
gneiss
marbale
slate
schist
The parent rock (protolith) for marble:
limestone
basalt
granet
sandstone
With increasing metamorphism, foliation would change from?
gneiss, to schist, to phyllite to slate
slate, to phyllite, to schist, to gneiss
phyllite, to slate, to gneiss, to schist
schist, to gneiss, to slate, to phyllite
Jerry finds a rock w/ visible, interlocking crystals that do not fizz with acid. He probably found
Granite
gneiss
marble
quartzite
Why are sedimentary rocks so important to us?
The tell the geologic history
the provide economic resources like oil, gas, and construction resources
a and b
What are the two processes of lithification?
Diagenisis
Compaction
Cementation
A and C
B and C
What evidence supports that michigan was once a shallow ocean.
It is a basin full of sedimentary rocks
It contains halite and gypsum which occur as sea water evaporates
There are marine fossils found in rocks
B and C
A B and C
What type of rock forms from magama?
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
What type of rock forms from the compaction and cementation of sediment from previously weathered down rock?
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
What type of rock forms when a rock is exposed to extreme heat and pressure causing recrystallization.
Igenous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
An intrusive rock will:
Be fine grained from cooling at the surface
Be coarse grained from cooling at the surface
Be fine grained from cooling inside the earth
Be coarse grained from cooling inside the earth
How are igneous rocks classified:
Intrusive (phaneritic) or extrusive (aphanitic) and by color/composition (felsic, intermediate, mafic)
Detrital (sediment) or Chemical and Clastic (organic or rock fragments) vs non clastic
Being foliated (slatty, schistosity, gneissic) or nonfoliated as well as parent rock
How is a sedimentary rock classified:
Intrusive (phaneritic) or extrusive (aphanitic) and by color/composition (felsic, intermediate, mafic)
Detrital (sediment) or Chemical and Clastic (organic or rock fragments) vs non clastic
Being foliated (slatty, schistosity, gneissic) or nonfoliated as well as parent rock
What does a vesicular texture tell you?
The lava contained gases in it.
Lava was flying through the air
Magma cooled in the earth
Lava flow cooled
What does a porphyritic texture tell you?
It was intrusive
It was extrusive
It was intrusive and extursive
It was ejected in the air.
What must be present to form pegmatite?
Very slow cooling with lots of volatiles in magma
Very slow cooling with few volatiles in magma
Fast cooling with lots of volatiles in magma
Fast cooling with few volatiles in magma
What do volatiles do to a magma?
Decrease Viscosity
Increase Viscosity
Doesn't affect viscosity
Felsic rocks will be made of which silicate minerals?
Olivine Pyroxene and Calcium rich plagioclase
Amphibole, Biotite, and Sodium rich plagioclase
Potassium (orthoclase) Feldspar, muscovite, biotite, and quartz
Mafic rocks will be made of
Olivine, pyroxene, amphibole and calcium rich plagioclase
amphibole, biotie, and sodium rich plagioclase
Potassium (orthoclase) Feldspar, muscovite, biotite, and quartz
All sedimentary rocks are classified as either
Phaneritic or aphanitic
Detrital or chemical
foliated or non foliated
If a sedimentary rock is made of pieces of rock, minerals, or living things it is called
Clastic
Non clastic
Aphanitic
Foliated
Very fined grained rocks like shale and siltstone only deposit in:
Rivers
Stagnant water environments like deep marine, lagoon, and deep lakes and floodplains.
Wind blown
Beaches and transition zones
What does a well rounded sandstone tell you?
Longer time/distance of transport (water or air)
Short time/distance of transport (glaciers)
Which of the following would do a great job of sorting sediment
Wind, waves, and streams
Wave, glaciers, rivers and alluvial fans
Streams and glaciers
Alluvial fans and wind
A sandstone containing mainly quartz means:
Lots of erosion and weathering
little erosion and weathering
Intermediate erosion and weather
Crossbedding in a sandstone could be from what type of environment?
River
Glacier
Sand Dune
Lake
A swampy environment could form:
Coal
Shale
Sandstone
A and B
a and C
A floodplain would contain
Shale and siltstone
Shale and Coal
Shale and Sandstone
Sandstone and Conglomerates
Which environment could form a conglomerate
Alluvial fan
Delta
Glacial till
A and B
A and C
Outwash from the glacer will be:
Well sorted
Not sorted
Eolian (wind) deposits will form
Shale
Coal
Conglomerates
Sandstones
In a lake or ocean, you could expect sandstone formation
Near the shore
In the deep
Where rivers meet the larger body of water
Limestones with fossils form:
From coral reefs
From shallow warm waters
From rivers
In the shallow marine area
Tidal flats will contain
Sandstone with ripple marks and mud cracks
Conglomerates
Fine deposits with ripple marks and mud cracks
What was the ocean doing
Rising
Dropping
Staying the same
Why is the sea level dropping in this situation?
The deeper reef environment was buried by, a shallow marine as waters dropped, then sandstone as water further dropped and formed a beach.
The shallow beach was buried by a shale of a shallow marine as sea levels rose, then a limestone from a reef as sea levels rose even farther.
What type of metamorphism occurs when a magma body intrudes into a host rock?
Contact/thermal
Hydrothermal
Regional
What type of metamorphism occurs during mountain building and is the most abundant.
Contact/thermal
Hydorthermal
Regional
What type of metamorphism results from hot iron rich water associated with igneous activity causing chemical reactions within the rock.
Contact/thermal
hydrothermal
regional
What is the role of heat in metamorphism?
Promote crystallization of new minerals by causing present ones to be unstable
Provides the ability for rocks to fold and bend and minerals to align.
Provides a source for ions to migrate and recrystallize in new locations.
What is the role of pressure in metamorphism?
Promote crystallization of new minerals by causing present ones to be unstable
Provides the ability for rocks to fold and bend and minerals to align.
Provides a source for ions to migrate and recrystallize in new locations.
What is the role of fluids in metamorphism?
Provides a source for ions to migrate and recrystallize in new locations.
Provides the ability for rocks to fold and bend and minerals to align.
Promote crystallization of new minerals by causing present ones to be unstable
What determines which metamorphic rock forms?
Heat
Pressure
Parent Rock
Fluids
What type of foliation occurs in a low grade environment, does not contain visible crystals, and splits rock into slabs.
Slaty
Schistosity
Gneissic
Non foliated
What type of foliation occurs at more extreme temp and pressures that allow mica and chlorite grains to grow visible and align in bands
Slaty
Schitosity
Gneissic
Non foliated
Which type of texture causes ion migration that results in segregation of light and dark silicate minerals in bands.
Slaty
Schistosity
Gneissic
Non foliated
What type of texture occurs when there is minimal deformation and the parent rock contains equidimensional (same size in multiple directions) minerals such as quartz and calcite.
Slaty
Schistosity
Gneissic
Non foliated
What is the term for a metamorphic rock that contains large grained minerals in a fine grained matrix such as garnets.
Porphyroblastic
Aphanitic
Clastic
Porphyritic
Which of the following contains the correct order of metamorphism with increasing heat and pressure?
Slate to shale to phyllite to Gneiss to Schists
Shale to Slate to Schists to Geniss to Phyllite
Shale to Slate to Phyllite to Schists to Geniss
Slate to phyllite to shale to Schists to Gneiss
