Worksheets3rd 9 Weeks Study Guide (HMH Units 7, 8 and 9)
Total questions: 35
Worksheet time: 18mins
Gregor Mendel observed that two plants with purple flowers could produce some offspring with white flowers and some offspring with purple flowers. Which of the following did Mendel use to explain this result?
genetic mutations
environmental conditions
inherited and acquired traits
dominant and recessive traits
Which of these choices describes the purpose of a Punnett square?
to diagram family relationships that include several generations
to explain why some genes are recessive and others are dominant
to compare inherited traits to acquired traits
to illustrate how the alleles of parents might be passed on to their offspring
Which of these claims is true of asexual reproduction?
It produces offspring genetically identical to each other and requires one parent.
It produces offspring genetically identical to each other and requires two parents.
It produces offspring genetically different from each other and requires one parent.
It produces offspring genetically different from each other and requires two parents.
Which of these claims correctly describes a difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction increases genetic diversity, but sexual reproduction does not.
Asexual reproduction involves one parent, and sexual reproduction involves two parents.
Asexual reproduction increases a species’ chances of surviving unfavorable conditions, but sexual reproduction does not.
The offspring produced by asexual reproduction are not identical to each other, but those of sexual reproduction are identical to each other.
A snapdragon plant with red flowers is crossed with a snapdragon plant with white flowers. The offspring produced have pink flowers. Which of these conditions does this cross illustrate?
codominance
nondominance
complete dominance
incomplete dominance
Carrie is studying the genes of two fruit flies in her lab. She knows what alleles they have. She wants to know the potential combinations of alleles their offspring could inherit. Which of these choices would help Carrie identify the potential combinations?
an allele
a carrier
a pedigree
a Punnett square
On a Punnett square, what do the letters at the top and left side represent?
The letters at the top represent alleles of the parents. The letters on the left represent alleles of the offspring.
The letters at the top represent alleles of the male offspring. The letters on the left represent alleles of the female offspring.
The letters at the top represent alleles of one parent. The letters on the left represent alleles of the other parent.
The letters at the top represent alleles of the female offspring. The letters on the left represent alleles of the female parent.
Interphase is the longest stage of what process?
mitosis
cell cycle
cytokinesis
reproduction
In what way are the processes of sexual and asexual reproduction alike?
Both produce offspring
Both require two parents.
Both produce genetically identical offspring
Both require fertilization.
Examine the Punnett square. Which of the following choices gives the alleles of the parents shown here?
BB and BB
BB and Bb
Bb and Bb
Bb and bb
Which of these choices best describes a pedigree?
an illustration that shows the genetic diversity among different species
a hypothesis that explains why genes are recessive or dominant
a diagram of family relationships that includes several generations
a diagram that lists alleles of two parents and shows the possible allele combinations of their offspring
The diagram shows the results of crossing a pea plant with round seeds and a pea plant with wrinkled seeds. What can be determined from the results of the experiment?
Smooth shape and wrinkled shape are both recessive traits.
Smooth shape and wrinkled shape are both dominant traits.
Smooth shape is a dominant trait, and wrinkled shape is a recessive trait.
Smooth shape is a recessive trait, and wrinkled shape is a dominant trait.
The gene for curled ears (C) is dominant over the gene for straight ears (c) . The picture shows a cat with curled ears (Cc) and a cat with straight ears (cc). What percent of the offspring are expected to have curled ears as a result of a cross between the cats shown?
100
75
50
25
The allele for dimples is dominant and the allele for no dimples is recessive. If two parents that are heterozygous for dimples produce a child, what are the chances the child will have dimples?
25%
50%
75%
100%
Both of Jacob's parents have lots of freckles, but only one of Jacob's brothers and sisters has any freckles. If freckles are the result of a dominant allele (F), what are the genotypes of Jacob's parents?
Ff and Ff
Ff and FF
Ff and ff
ff and ff
Sexual reproduction in animals allows traits to be passed to offspring. Genetic information is stored in an animal's
cell membrane
chromosomes
cytoplasm
Golgi bodies
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection states that evolution happens through the selection of advantageous traits. What are the four specific parts that contribute to the process of evolution by natural selection?
Overproduction, acquired traits, selection, adaptation
Overproduction, genetic variation, artificial selection, adaptation
Overproduction, genetic variation, selection, adaptation
Overproduction, acquired traits, artificial selection, adaptation
Similarities in the structures of two different species provide evidence that the species evolved from a common ancestor. This type of evidence includes similar structures that have different functions. Which of the following pairs of features have a similar structure but have a different function in each organism?
a dolphin fin and a shark fin
human fingernails and monkey fingernails
the front leg of a cat and the wing of a bat
the wing of a bumble bee and the wing of a bird
How does natural selection lead to evolution?
Stronger offspring kill weaker members of the species.
Helpful variations accumulate among surviving members of the species.
Overproduction provides food for stronger members of the species.
Environmental changes favor weaker members of the species.
Dylan is listing the molecules that make up DNA. Which of these substances should he place under the heading NUCLEOTIDE BASE in DNA?
adenine
phosphate
sugar
uracil
Terrie is making a model of DNA. Which of these shapes illustrates how her model should look?
Alice is studying biological molecules. She has isolated a molecule and identified the nucleotide bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Which molecule did Alice isolate?
DNA
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
Rachel is analyzing a DNA sample to identify base pairs. Her results show that 40% of the sample is adenine. Which other base must also make up 40% of the sample?
Cytosine makes up 40% of the sample.
Guanine makes up 40% of the sample.
Thymine makes up 40% of the sample.
Uracil makes up 40% of the sample.
Which claim correctly defines DNA?
It is a type of molecule that performs the main functions of cells.
It is a type of molecule composed mostly of amino acids.
It is a type of molecule that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
It is a type of molecule that determines the traits that an individual inherits.
Interphase is the longest stage of what process?
mitosis
cell cycle
cytokinesis
reproduction
These structures become tightly packed during cell division. They contain DNA.
Centromeres
Centrioles
Chromosomes
Spindle Fibers
Which of these choices is a reason why cell division takes place in both single-celled and multicellular organisms?
growth
regeneration
repair
reproduction
What is the result of mitosis?
two new cells
two new nuclei
two new copies of DNA
two new pairs of chromosomes
What is the result of one sex cell undergoing meiosis in humans?
two sex cells, each with 23 chromosomes
two sex cells, each with 46 chromosomes
four sex cells, each with 23 chromosomes
four sex cells, each with 46 chromosomes
Which of these best describes the tiny leg bones that some whales have, which do not aid in their movement or serve any other function?
structures that grow and improve in function as they are used
structures that function at certain times of the year or under certain conditions
structures that will become adaptations when the environment changes
structures that have lost all or most of their function over evolutionary time
The parents in Punnett Square pictured have which alleles?
DD and Dd
Dd and Dd
Dd and dd
DD and dd
Sean is studying fungi in his lab. Each fungus produces specialized cells that develop into new, multicellular organisms that are genetically identical to the parent organism. What does this process demonstrate?
sexual reproduction
asexual reproduction
fertilization
vegetative reproduction
Darwin concluded that organisms on the Galapagos Islands
had changed over time.
had remained the same.
were the result of selective breeding.
had no variations.
What is an adaptation?
a group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring
a process by which inherited traits in a population change over generations
a process through which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
a trait that improves chances of survival and reproduction for a group of individuals in a population
Ronald observes a sparrow’s nest in a shrub outside his home. The table shown describes his findings. What part of natural selection did Ronald observe?
adaptation
overproduction
selection
variation
