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Genetics and Evolution Exam Revision

Total questions: 52

Worksheet time: 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Who was the naturalist that traveled the world to study plants and animals?
a)
Albert Einstein
b)
Charles Darwin
c)
Charles Barkley
d)
Isaac Newton
2.
Darwin wrote that organisms with traits that are best suited to the environment will ________________
a)
increase in number
b)
become extinct
3.
Evolution is a very slow gradual process that occurs over long periods of time.
a)
true
b)
false
4.
Evolution is .....
a)
the process by which species change over time
b)
responsible for similarities we see across all species
c)
responsible for the great variety of things on Earth
d)
all of the above
5.
group of the same type of organisms that may breed and produce fertile offspring
a)
species
b)
evolution
c)
plate techtonics
d)
crust
6.
Traits that help an organism survive are called....
a)
evolution
b)
natural selection
c)
adaptations
d)
habitats
7.
An organism that survives longer is more likely to produce_______offspring
a)
less
b)
the same amount
c)
more
d)
no
8.
Differences that exist naturally among members of a population or species___?
a)
mutation
b)
adaptation
c)
variations
d)
evolution
9.
Sources of variations include _______ and ______?
a)
sexual reproduction, mutations
b)
asexual reproduction, mutations
c)
biological evolution, genetics
d)
biological evolution, genetics
10.
Species with ______variation are ______likely to survive.
a)
more, less
b)
less,less
c)
less,more
d)
more,more
11.

Which of the following is required for a trait to become more common over time in a population?

a)

There must be many varieties of the trait in the population.

b)

The trait must allow members of the population to eat only some kinds of food.

c)

The trait must give individuals an advantage in producing offspring that survive.

d)

The trait must be the result of an immediate change in the environment.

12.
Most adaptations that help an organism survive are passed on from parent to child as ___traits?
a)
adaptable
b)
physical
c)
more
d)
inherited
13.
Which statement supports the theory of natural selection
a)
All organisms produce more offspring than can survive.
b)
Organisms live in harmony with one another despite limited resources.
c)
Organisms with favorable traits are more likely to die.
d)
Over time advantageous traits will be found in more of the population.
14.
A student made a table showing different types of finches and their food sources. What can be inferred from this information?
a)
Genetic mutation leads to the evolution of new species.
b)
Organisms evolve based on their habitats.
c)
Geographical isolation leads to the evolution of new species.
d)
Organisms evolve based on their feeding habits.
15.
Which term best describes a specially developed characteristic that enables an organism to live in a specific environment?
a)
adaptations
b)
natural selection
c)
survival of the fittest
d)
variations
16.
The numbers in the diagram represent the first three months of spring in a grassland environment. The bird is carnivorous and eats mice for survival, and the mice depend on the seeds from the grasses.Which explanation best describes what is happening in the diagram?
a)
A disease affecting the carnivorous bird population results in the decreasing numbers of birds and the increasing numbers of mice.
b)
A disease reaches epidemic proportions resulting in a decrease in the mice population in the grassland.
c)
The dark phenotypic variation of the mice makes the dark-colored mice more visible to their predators so they are more likely to be eaten.
d)
The dark phenotypic variation of the mice provides an advantage that allows the dark-colored mice to survive and reproduce.
17.
What role does genetic variation play in the evolution of species?
a)
It reduces the chance that species will possess characteristics well-suited for a changing environment.
b)
It increases the chance that species will possess characteristics well-suited for a changing environment.
c)
It allows multicellular organisms to change their traits during their lifetimes.
d)
It allows unicellular organisms to change their DNA after they die.
18.

Over a long period of time,_________ can lead to evolution.

a)

Resources

b)

Overproduction

c)

Competition

d)

Natural selection

19.
Natural selection can best be defined as the _____.
a)
survival of the biggest and strongest in a population
b)
survival and reproduction of those in the largest area
c)
elimination of the smallest organism by the biggest
d)
survival and reproduction of those that are best adapted
20.
Before the industrial revolution, biologists in England observed that most peppered moths were light in color. After the industrial revolution began, most of the peppered moths observed were dark in color. Which statement best explains the observed change in moth color during the industrial revolution?
a)
Light-color moths were more fit for survival because they were less camouflaged against the darkened, soot-covered tree bark
b)
Dark-color moths were more fit for survival because they were less camouflaged against the darkened, soot-covered tree bark.
c)
Light-color moths were more fit for survival because they were more camouflaged against the darkened, soot-covered tree bark.
d)
Dark-color moths were more fit for survival because they were more camouflaged against the darkened, soot-covered tree bark.
21.
Change in a gene or chromosome
a)
evolution
b)
variation
c)
mutation
d)
adaptation
22.
the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
a)
species
b)
Darwin
c)
evolution
d)
taxonomy
23.

A population of a certain kind of fish is introduced into a new habitat.These fish have variations in color from light to dark. Because of the lighting conditions and predators in this new habitat, light-colored fish survive better near the surface and dark-colored fish survive better near the bottom. What change would likely result after many generations of these fish living in this environment?

a)

All the fish would become more similar, something exactly between light-colored and dark-colored.

b)

None of the fish would be able to survive, because the new habitat is not suited to any of them.

c)

There would be two populations of fish, light-colored near the surface and dark-colored near the bottom.

d)

The fish would become smaller over time so that they could more easily defend themselves from predators.

24.

Due to climatic change the turtles who lay their eggs close to shore will not hatch. Which of the following are true.

a)

Near shore turtles will survive more than far shore turtles

b)

Far shore turtles will survive more than near shore turtles

c)

All turtles will survive about the same

d)

None of the above is true

25.

Fire ants which are not native to Texas will aggressively attack bird's eggs that have a nest on the ground. Which is most likely to happen due to the fire ants arrival to Texas?

a)

Tree nesting bird population will decrease

b)

Tree nesting bird population will increase

c)

Ground nesting bird population will increase

d)

Ground nesting bird population will decrease

26.

What advantage do organisms that reproduce sexually have or organisms that reproduce asexually?

a)

Organisms that reproduce sexually can reproduce faster

b)

Organisms that reproduce sexually don't need a mate

c)

Organisms that reproduce sexually have a better chance of survival if the environment changes

d)

Organisms that reproduce sexually are exactly like their parents.

27.

Sexual reproduction happens in

a)

plants only

b)

animals only

c)

some plants and animals

d)

only in one celled organisms

28.

___________ reproduction happens when sex cells from both parents join.

a)

Asexual

b)

Sexual

c)

Binary fission

d)

Budding

29.

Amoebas, hydras, and yeast reproduce asexually so

a)

offspring is exactly like their parents

b)

offspring is not like either parent

c)

offspring take a long time to be born

d)

offspring will survive if something wipes their parent out

30.
Deoxyribonucleic acid; contains hereditary information for a living organism
a)
DNA
b)
cells
c)
atoms
d)
molecules
31.

Genes are located in which part of the cell?

a)

Vacuole

b)

Chromosome

c)

Ribosome

d)

Cytoplasm

32.

Inherited traits are controlled by

a)

nucleus

b)

chromosomes

c)

genes

d)

cells

33.
Having two of the same genes for the trait (TT, tt); Both dominant or both recessive.
a)
homozygous or purebred
b)
heterozygous or hybrid
c)
twin offspring
d)
pairs of chromosomes
34.
Two heterozygous parents produce offspring. What is the probability of the HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT GENOTYPE appearing in the offspring generation?
a)
75%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
35.

Suppose that in humans, a certain type of color blindness is a recessive, X-linked trait. The chromosomes and alleles associated with this type of color blindness are represented in the chart below. Which of these could NOT be a biological child of parents having the genotypes XBXb and XBY?


X-X chromosome

Y-Y chromosome

B-allele for normal color vision

b-allele for color vision

a)

Color-blind son

b)

Color-blind daughter

c)

Daughter with normal color vision

d)

Son with normal color vision

36.

According to the pedigree chart, how many grandchildren does the original couple have?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

37.

In humans, pigmented skin is dominant to non-pigmented skin (albinism). What is the genotype of an individual with albinism?

a)

Carrier

b)

Heterozygous

c)

Homozygous dominant

d)

Homozygous recessive

38.

The mRNA sequence ACU codes for the amino acid Thr. A mutation occurs, and the resulting mRNA sequence is AUU. What amino acid will replace Thr?

a)

Val

b)

Met

c)

lle

d)

Ala

39.

Suppose a population of land-dwelling snakes is split into 2 separate populations when a river changes course, cutting right down the middle of their habitat and preventing them from interbreeding. What type of isolating mechanism is described in this scenario?

a)

Temporal Isolation

b)

Geographic Isolation

c)

Behavioral Isolation

d)

Habitat (Ecological) Isolation

40.
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
a)
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
b)
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
c)
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
d)
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
41.
Fruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have ...
a)
16 chromosomes.
b)
46 chromosomes.
c)
8 chromosomes.
d)
4 chromosomes.
42.
In which type of cells will mitosis occur?
a)
egg cells
b)
sperm cells
c)
jail cells
d)
Body cells except the sperm and egg cells
43.
After meiosis is complete, the new cells:
a)
are all identical
b)
are all different
c)
are half identical and half different
d)
are all stretched out
44.
How many daughter cells are produced from meiosis ?
a)
10
b)
6
c)
4
d)
2
45.
Humans have how may chromosomes ?
a)
112
b)
46
c)
8
d)
67
46.
Most of the cells in the human body are produced by
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
47.
Why do we need meiosis?
a)
To double the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
b)
To halve the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
c)
To triple the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
d)
To not change the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
48.
Name that process
a)
Mitosis
b)
Meiosis
c)
Mutation
d)
Cell Cycle
49.
During which phase of the meiotic cell cycle does DNA Replication occur?
a)
Interphase 
b)
Prophase 
c)
Metaphase 
d)
Telophase
50.
In Meiosis if the parent cells has 40 chromosomes, then how many will the daughter cells have 
a)
40
b)
10
c)
20
d)
18
51.
The stages of mitosis in order
a)
Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase
b)
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
c)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
d)
Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Metaphase
52.
A cat has a total of 38 chromosomes in its body cells.  How many in its gametes?
a)
38
b)
19
c)
76
d)
10

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