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Calday Inheritance & Variation Year 8

Total questions: 64

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What are chromosomes?

a)

Long strands of DNA that contain lots of genes.

b)

Different versions of a gene.

c)

The basic unit of heredity; controls a specific trait.

d)

A characteristic passed from parent to offspring

e)

The differences that occur from a mixture of genes

2.

What are alleles?

a)

Long strands of DNA that contain lots of genes.

b)

Different versions of a gene.

c)

The basic unit of heredity; controls a specific trait.

d)

A characteristic passed from parent to offspring

e)

The differences that occur from a mixture of genes

3.

What is a gene?

a)

Long strands of DNA that contain lots of genes.

b)

Different versions of a gene.

c)

The basic unit of heredity; controls a specific trait.

d)

A characteristic passed from parent to offspring

e)

The differences that occur from a mixture of genes

4.

What is an inherited trait?

a)

Long strands of DNA that contain lots of genes.

b)

Different versions of a gene.

c)

The basic unit of heredity; controls a specific trait.

d)

A characteristic passed from parent to offspring

e)

The differences that occur from a mixture of genes

5.

What is genetic variation?

a)

Long strands of DNA that contain lots of genes.

b)

Different versions of a gene.

c)

The basic unit of heredity; controls a specific trait.

d)

A characteristic passed from parent to offspring

e)

The differences that occur from a mixture of genes

6.

The offspring of sexually reproducing organisms have genes that are _____________ from that of their parents.

a)

different

b)

same

c)

dominant

d)

recessive

7.

In sexually reproducing organisms, each parent contributes _____________ of the genes acquired by the offspring.

a)

an eighth

b)

a quarter

c)

a half

d)

three quarters

8.

The difference between genotype and phenotype is :

a)

Genotype shows the combination of alleles that provides the genes for a trait, while phenotype is the expression of the trait, what it will look like.

b)

Phenotype shows the combination of alleles that provides the genes for a trait, while genotype is the expression of the trait, what it will look like.

9.

Why do human siblings look similar, but not always identical if they have the same parents?

a)

The reason that siblings can look similar without being identical is that there is always a mutation in the chromosomes.

b)

The reason that siblings can look similar without being identical is that they have the exact same DNA, but it is in a different order.

c)

The reason that siblings can look similar without being identical is that there are multiple combinations of alleles that code for genes, that express as traits that can be inherited.

10.

In sexual reproduction, why are the offspring not genetically identical to their parents?

a)

Offspring of sexual reproduction are genetically identical to their parents because they are a unique combination of the DNA from both parents.

b)

Offspring of sexual reproduction are not genetically identical to their parents because they are a unique combination of the DNA from both parents.

c)

Offspring of sexual reproduction are not genetically identical to their parents because they are not a unique combination of the DNA from both parents.

11.

A Punnett square showing the cross between two pea plants is shown. In pea plants, the smooth coat allele is (R) the wrinkled coat allele is (r). Which is the dominant allele?

a)

smooth coat (R)

b)

wrinkled coat (r)

12.

A complete Punnett square here shows a cross between two mice with different fur color, agouti (A) and black (a). What is the probability of the recessive phenotype being expressed?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

13.

How is it genetically possible for parents with both natural brown hair, a dominant phenotype have an offspring with blonde hair, a recessive phenotype?

a)

Both parents have blonde, but have dyed their hair brown.

b)

Both parents have the allele for blonde hair that they passed down to their offspring.

c)

The offspring is not their child.

14.

Passing of features from the offsprings are called as...

a)

Keys

b)

DNA

c)

Genes

d)

Inheritance

15.

What characteristic would a child NOT inherit from the parents?

a)

Freckles

b)

Eye colour

c)

Hair style

d)

Dimples

16.

Which sentences are FALSE?

a)

Humans are made up of 23 pairs of chromosomes.

b)

Human are made up of 46 chromosomes.

c)

Chromosomes is made up of cytoplasm.

d)

Chromosomes is located in the nucleus

17.

The process in which a cell splits in two...

a)

Cell nucleus

b)

Cell division

c)

Replication

d)

Inherit

18.

What is the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid?

a)

RNA

b)

DOA

c)

DNA

d)

DBN

19.

The purpose of selective breeding is...

a)

get bigger animals

b)

Get smaller animals

c)

Create animals with desired traits

d)

Create animals with bad traits

20.

The disappearance of a species.

a)

Evolution

b)

Extinction

c)

Migration

d)

Mutation

21.
What are small stretches of DNA that code for traits
a)
Nucleus
b)
Chromosomes
c)
Gene
d)
Centromeres
22.
Where is all the genetic information in a cell?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Nucleotides
c)
Chromosomes
d)
Cytoplasm
23.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
b)
Deoxyribose Enzymes
c)
Deoxyribose Messenger 
d)
Retro deoxyribose Acis
24.

What are the four bases of DNA?

a)

ATGC

b)

ATDC

c)

GCAS

d)

DNAB

25.

What is the function of the X and Y chromosomes?

a)

Eye colour

b)

Hair colour

c)

Height

d)

Sex

26.

What is the percentage of a woman having a male child?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

27.
What is the function of the cell nucleus found in both plant and animal cells?
a)
to produce energy
b)
to control cell activity
c)
to remove waste products
d)
to allow molecules to enter the cell
28.

What term is used to describe the differences that exist between members of the same species?

a)

Chromosomes

b)

Inheritance

c)

Variation

d)

Fertilisation

29.

Which form of variation can be measured and has a range of values?

a)

Discrete Variation

b)

Continuous Variation

30.

What term is given to a different form of a gene?

a)

Chromosome

b)

Chromatid

c)

DNA

d)

Allele

31.

Which of the following is an example of a dominant allele?

a)

A

b)

a

32.

What term is used to describe a genotype with two of the same alleles?

a)

Homozygous

b)

Heterozygous

33.

What term is used to describe a genotype with two different alleles?

a)

Homozygous

b)

Heterozygous

34.

What would the genotype Tt be termed as?

a)

Heterozygous

b)

Homozygous Dominant

c)

Homozygous Recessive

35.

What would the genotype tt be termed as?

a)

Heterozygous

b)

Homozygous Dominant

c)

Homozygous Recessive

36.

What is the definition of a genotype?

a)

An individuals alleles for a particular characteristic

b)

An individuals physical appearance

c)

The differences between members of the same species

d)

Variation that can be measured

37.

Long strands of DNA that contain lots of genes

a)

variation

b)

inherited trait

c)

gene

d)

chromosome

e)

allele

38.

Different versions of a gene

a)

variation

b)

inherited trait

c)

gene

d)

chromosome

e)

allele

39.

A characteristic passed from parent to offspring

a)

variation

b)

inherited trait

c)

gene

d)

chromosome

e)

allele

40.

A Punnett square showing the cross between two pea plants is shown. In pea plants, the smooth coat allele (R) is dominant over the wrinkled coat allele (r). One part of the Punnett square is filled in. Which shows the correct letters and pictures for the peas that should be in the other 3 squares.

a)
b)
c)
d)
41.

Selective breeding is...

a)

a process to create an organism with desired traits from parents with those desired traits

b)

natural method of producing offspring with desired traits

c)

creating a new species

d)

making organisms reproduce during times of stress

42.

An example of selective breeding is

a)

a dog breeder mating 2 dogs to make more dogs

b)

a farmer grows bees to pollinate the plants on his farm

c)

a person pollinates 2 white rose plants to only create white roses

43.

One problem with selective breeding is

a)

creating a new species

b)

gene variety is lost

c)

extinction of a species

44.

What word describes a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment?

a)

natural selection

b)

mutation

c)

camouflage

d)

adaptation

45.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
genes.
b)
variations.
c)
traits.
d)
theories.
46.

When farmers breed specific plants to produce fruits with specific traits

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Selective Breeding

47.

Natural selection

a)

Happens in nature without human involvement

b)

Humans control the process to obtain desirable traits

48.

When organisms have advantageous traits that help them survive and reproduce this is...

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Selective Breeding

49.

When organisms have advantageous traits that help them survive and reproduce this is...

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Selective Breeding

50.

All these birds are finches but they have developed different beaks due to the type of foods available to them, this is because of

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Selective Breeding

51.
Where the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artifical Selection
52.

Evidence shows that the wolf is the ancestor to all of the breeds of dogs shown below. How did this variation arise in a relatively short period of time?

a)

Random Selection

b)

Natural selection

c)

Random chance

d)

Selective breeding

53.

"Survival of the Fittest" describes which theory

a)

natural selection

b)

selective breeding

54.
Which characteristic would most likely be inherited by a baby?
a)
brown hair
b)
crying a lot
c)
ability to jump high
d)
his ability to talk
55.

Which of the following could be used as a vector for a human gene?

a)

Bacterial Plasmid

b)

Bacteria

c)

A mitochondria

d)

mRNA

56.

"transgenic" refers to an animal that:

a)

Has DNA from another organism spliced into its genome

b)

Has undergone DNA modification

c)

Has unique genes for its species

57.

In which ways can genetic engineering can improve crops

a)

Make them pest or drought resistant

b)

Make them more nutritious

c)

Make them larger

d)

All answers are correct

58.

A circular piece of DNA, found in bacteria, is called:

a)

A plasmid

b)

mRNA

c)

Ribosome

d)

Nucleotide

59.
When DNA is manipulated and moved from one source to another it is known as
a)
genetic engineering
b)
electrophoresis
c)
gene therapy
d)
GMO
60.
Making changes in the DNA of an organism is
a)
selective breeding
b)
artificial selection
c)
genetic engineering
d)
genetic transformation
61.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
62.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
63.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
64.
Which two scientists are accredited with correctly deducing the double helix model of DNA?
a)
Watson and Crick
b)
Wilkins and Franklin
c)
Wilkins and Crick
d)
Watson and Franklin