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WorksheetsSELECTION, SPECIATION & BIOCATALYSIS RMO
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 20mins
Which of the following is the best definition of species?
A group of organisms that lives in the same habitat
A group o organisms that exploit the same ecological niche
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable and fertile offspring
A group of organisms that have the same appearance
Stabilising selection reduce genetic variation by allowing only intermediate phenotype adapted to the environment, and eliminate both of extreme phenotype.
True
False
What is the suitable example of disruptive selection?
Length width of hawk?
Black peppered moth
Size and shape of beak of Finches in Galapagos Island
When a species environment favors one dominant type of characteristic to the point that the other variations of the trait start to disappear is called _____.
disruptive selection
directional selection
stabilizing selection
unstabilizing selection
The process of a new species arising within the geographic range of the parent population is called
ecological speciation
allopatric speciation
adaptive radiation
sympatric speciation
Which of the following must occur after a period of geographic isolation in order for the two sibling species to remain genetically distinct following their geographic reunion in the same home range?
Prezygotic barriers
Postzygotic barriers
Ecological isolation
Reproductive isolation
All of the following examples describes prezygotic isolating mechanisms except
elaborate and unique courtship display to identify mates
reproductive organs that are physically incompatible
hybrids that are viable but sterile
different breeding times
Behavioural isolation is when different species are isolated reproductively due to different time of mating.
True
False
What is the definition of artificial selection?
Selective reproduction between closely related organism, in order to propagate particularly desirable characteristic.
Crossing between unrelated or distantly related individuals of a species to produce a progeny.
Human intervention in animals or plants reproduction to ensure certain desirable traits are represented in the next descending (next) generation.
What are the effects of inbreeding
Loss of vigor ( healthier , larger offspring )
Reduces the variability of genome
Numbers of homozygous phenotype increase
Increase in variation
Outbreeding increasing genetic variation by producing hybrid offspring which a result of mating between different species
True
False
Allopolyploidy can lead to formation of a new species which is known as a sterile hybrid.
True
False
Which is the correct example for hybrid infertility?
Hybrids are produced but fails to develop to maturity.
F1 hybrids are fertile, but F2 generation fails to develop properly
Hybrids fail to produce functional gametes.
Only a few types of a particular bird species diverge after a small number colonises a new island. This mechanism is called
stabilizing selection
directional selection
the founder effect
disruptive selection
Different shapes and sizes of beak among finches in Galapagos Island are due to adaptation of diet for different food sources.
True
False
A population of lizards in South Texas have the ability to pass on their traits to their offspring. A very cold winter occurs and only the lizards tolerant to extreme cold survive.
Did natural selection occur?
Yes
No
Which describes the relationship between evolution and natural selection?
Natural selection is the outcome, evolution is a hypothesis
Evolution is the outcome, natural selection is the process
Natural selection is always happening, evolution happens rarely
Evolution and Natural selection are the same idea just different words
Enzymes are important biological catalysts because they:
supply the energy to initiate a biochemical reaction
increase the free energy of a biochemical reaction
lower the entropy and enthalpy of a biochemical reaction
lower the activation energy of a biochemical reaction
Most enzyme are ___________
carbohydrate
lipid
protein
DNA
The active site of an enzyme is the region that _________
binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme
is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme
binds the product of the catalytic reaction
is inhibited by the presence of a coenzyme or a cofactor
Only a small amount of enzyme is needed for a large amount of substrate because _______
Enzymes do not change at the end of a reaction and as such can be reused
A small amount of enzyme can provide enough energy to continue the reaction
More enzymes are formed while reaction takes place
Enzymes act till completion of a reaction or not at all
1. The substance on which an enzyme acts:
substrate
product
ATP
free energy
Parts of the enzyme molecule that interact with a substrate are called:
cofactors
active sites
induced-fit models
reaction sites
Watch the animation and identify the hypothesis involved
Lock and Key hypothesis
Induced Fit hypothesis
Enzyme-Substrate hypothesis
An enzyme catalyses a reaction by ___________
supplying the energy to speed up a reaction
lowering the energy of activation of a reaction
changing the equilibrium of a spontaneous reaction
increasing the amount of free energy of a reaction
The line on the graph labeled A represents the:
activation energy with an enzyme
activation energy without an enzyme
free energy of the reactants
change in entropy and enthalpy
If one continues to increase the temperature in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of the reaction:
increases and then levels off
decreases and then levels off
increases and then decreases rapidly
decreases and then increases rapidly
In which way the enzymatic reaction can be increased if the enzymes are saturated with the substrate?
add more enzymes
add more substrate
increase the temperature
add cofactor
The reaction rate of an enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction would likely be affected by:
pH
substrate concentration
temperature
all of these are correct
Which of the following is true of enzymes?
Enzymes may require a non-protein cofactor or ion for catalysis to take place
Enzyme function is influenced by physical and chemical environmental factors such as pH and temperature
Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by lowering activation energy
All of these are correct
What is an organic non-protein "helper" of an enzyme molecule called?
accessory enzyme
allosteric group
cofactor
functional group
NAD+ is the example of
metal ions
coenzyme
prosthetic group
Consider the following: “Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, which resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid”.
Which of the following is correct?
Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and fumarate is the substrate
Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and malonic acid is the substrate
Succinate is the substrate, and fumarate is the product
Fumarate is the substrate, and malonic acid is a non-competitive inhibitor
Hydrogen cyanide binds to the active site of an enzyme that is part of the pathway that forms ATP in cells; in this way, it prevents the enzyme’s activity. Hence, hydrogen cyanide can best be described as a :
coenzyme
cofactor
competitive inhibitor
modulator
Lyases are enzymes that _____
split chemical bonds by hydrolysis
catalyze the addition or removal of double bond
rearrangement atoms in a substrate
Form bonds with cleavage of ATP
The enzyme sucrase acts on
sucrose only
sucrose and starch
any disaccharide
any organic monomer
Hydrolases are one important class of enzyme that function to catalyze ____________
splitting a molecule using water
conversions between isomers
reactions in which double bonds are formed
oxidation-reduction reactions
