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AP Biology Unit 5 Heredity Review

Total questions: 45

Worksheet time: 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Type of reproduction in which two parents contribute genetic information to offspring.

a)

Asexual

b)

Sexual

c)

Cloning

d)

Budding

2.

What type of cells are produced by meiosis?

a)

Haploid Somatic Cells

b)

Haploid Gametes

c)

Diploid Somatic Cells

d)

Diploid Gametes

3.

If an organism's diploid cells contain 20 chromosomes, its gametes would contain how many?

a)

10

b)

20

c)

30

d)

40

4.

Mitosis results in ________ cells, and Meiosis results in _______ cells.

a)

1, 2

b)

2, 1

c)

2, 4

d)

4, 2

5.

Which of the following is an example of a gamete?

a)

neuron

b)

chromosome

c)

somatic cell

d)

egg

6.

What cellular process results in four haploid reproductive cells called gametes?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

7.

What process results in two genetically identical daughter cells?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

8.

What separates when cells divide in Meiosis 1

a)

Sister Chromatids

b)

Homologous Chromosomes

c)

Analogous Chromosomes

9.

What separates when cells divide in Meiosis 2

a)

Sister Chromatids

b)

Homologous Chromosomes

c)

Analogous Chromosomes

10.

A pair of chromosomes that have genes for the same characters at corresponding loci (for example, both copies of chromosome #1) are called:

a)

homozygous

b)

analogous

c)

homologous

d)

heterozygous

11.

How do meiosis and sexual reproduction help increase genetic diversity? Check all that apply.

a)

Crossing Over

b)

Spindle Formation

c)

Independent Assortment of Chromosomes

d)

Random Fertilization

12.
A recessive trait will be observed in individuals that are ________ for that trait.
a)
heterozygous
b)
homozygous or heterozygous
c)
homozygous
d)
diploid
13.
Imagine you are performing a cross involving seed color in garden pea plants. What F1 offspring would you expect if you cross true-breeding parents with green seeds and yellow seeds? Yellow seed color is dominant over green.
a)
100 percent yellow-green seeds
b)
100 percent yellow seeds
c)
50 percent yellow, 50 percent green seeds
d)
25 percent green, 75 percent yellow seeds
14.
When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _________________ occurs
a)
crossing over
b)
mutagenesis
c)
hybridization
d)
fertilization
15.
The observable outward manifestation of the genes of an individual is referred to as its
a)
blueprint
b)
genotype
c)
phenotype
d)
genetic map
16.
Unlike Mendel's experiments, when a very tall person and a very short person mate, the children are variable in height. Why is one trait (tall or short) not dominant over the other?
a)
the gene for height in humans has incomplete dominance
b)
the gene for height has multiple co-dominant alleles
c)
height in not controlled by genes in humans
d)
human height is controlled by multiple genes
17.
One of the main reasons genes assort independent of one another  is that 
a)
they produce unrelated traits
b)
they produce related traits
c)
they are on the same chromosome
d)
they are on different chromosomes.
18.

Chromosomes that do NOT play a role in determining the sex of an individual are called

a)

sex chromosoems

b)

X and Y

c)

autosomes

19.
In humans, hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait. If a man and a woman have a son who is affected with hemophilia, which of the following is definitely true?
a)
The mother carries an allele for hemophilia
b)
The father carries an allele for hemophilia
c)
The father is afflicted with hemophilia
d)
both parents carry an allele for hemophilia
20.

A person with Turner syndrome has only one X chromosome. This means one of their gametes was missing a chromosome. Which of the following could cause this?

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Nondisjunction

c)

Inversion mutation

d)

Substitution mutation

21.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a male with hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHY
d)
XhY
22.
The range of human skin colors is caused by a variety of genes, each of which has at least 2 alleles.  This is an example of:
a)
incomplete dominance
b)
codominance
c)
multiple alleles
d)
polygenic inheritance
23.
Gametes are _________.
a)
Diploid
b)
Haploid
c)
Aneuploid
d)
variably ploidy
24.
The physical appearance of an organism based on traits
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Meiosis
d)
Genetics
25.
What fraction of offspring from the cross AaBB x Aabb will be heterozygous for both traits?
a)
1/16
b)
4/16
c)
8/16
d)
3/16
26.
In Drosophila, the genes for eye colour (pr), wing shape (vg), and body colour (eb) are all found on the same chromosome. The following crossover frequencies for these genes were determined by experimentation. Determine the sequence of genes on the chromosome.
a)
eb - vg - pr
b)
vg - eb - pr
c)
vg - pr - eb
d)
pr- vg - eb
27.
What type of heredity is shown in the pedigree?
(hint: check your notes - "modes of inheritance")
a)
Sex-Linked Dominant
b)
Sex-Linked Recessive
c)
Autosomal Dominant
d)
Autosomal Recessive 
28.

What is the genotype of the great-grandfather? (top row)

a)

A_

b)

aa

c)

Aa

d)

AA

29.
X-linked conditions are more common in men than in women because
a)
The genes associated with the  X linked conditions are linked to the X chromosome, which determines maleness.
b)
Men need to inherit only one copy of the recessive allele for the condition to be fully expressed
c)
Women simply do not develop the disease regardless of their genetic composition
d)
The sex chromosomes are more active in men than in women
30.
How would the DNA in a horse muscle cell compare with the DNA in a horse sperm cell?
a)
The sperm cell would have twice the DNA as the muscle cell.
b)
The sperm cell would have half as much DNA as the muscle cell.
c)
The sperm cell and muscle cell would contain the same amount of DNA.
d)
The muscle cell would have four times the DNA as the sperm cell.. 
31.
Fruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have ...
a)
16 chromosomes.
b)
46 chromosomes.
c)
8 chromosomes.
d)
4 chromosomes.
32.
Which genes would show the highest frequency of crossing over?
a)
A-B
b)
A-D
c)
D-C
d)
B-C
33.

What is a karyotype?

a)

The combination of chromosomes found in a gamete

b)

A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape

34.

In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in

a)

spores

b)

gametophytes

c)

zygotes

d)

clones

35.

The F1 offspring of Mendelʹs classic pea cross always looked like one of the two parental varieties because

a)

one phenotype was completely dominant over another.

b)

each allele affected phenotypic expression.

c)

the traits blended together during fertilization.

36.

What was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants?

a)

There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas.

b)

Traits are inherited in discrete units, and are not the results of ʺblending.ʺ

c)

Recessive genes occur more frequently in the F1 than do dominant ones.

37.

Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. This suggests

a)

that the parents were true-breeding for contrasting traits.

b)

incomplete dominance

c)

that the parents were both heterozygous

38.

When crossing an organism that is homozygous recessive for a single trait with a heterozygote, what is the chance of producing an offspring with the homozygous recessive phenotype?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

39.

The fact that all seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of independent assortment most probably indicates which of the following?

a)

None of the traits obeyed the law of segregation.

b)

The diploid number of chromosomes in the pea plants was 7.

c)

All of the genes controlling the traits behaved as if they were on different chromosomes.

40.

Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails

(t). What fraction of the progeny of the cross BbTt × BBtt will have black fur and long tails?

a)

1/16

b)

3/16

c)

3/8

d)

1/2

41.

In a cross AaBbCc × AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype AABBCC?

a)

1/4

b)

1/8

c)

1/16

d)

1/64

42.

A woman has six sons. The chance that her next child will be a daughter is

a)

1

b)

1/2

c)

0

d)

1/6

43.

When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the F2 generation included both red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies were male. What was the explanation for this result?

a)

The gene involved is on the X chromosome.

b)

The gene involved is on the Y chromosome.

c)

The gene involved is on an autosome.

44.

Which of the following statements is true?

a)

The closer two genes are on a chromosome, the lower the probability that a crossover will occur between them.

b)

The observed frequency of recombination of two genes that are far apart from each other has a maximum value of 100%.

45.

What is the reason that linked genes are inherited together?

a)

They are located close together on the same chromosome.

b)

The number of genes in a cell is greater than the number of chromosomes.

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