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Evolution

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Scientist find dinosaur fossils in the bottom of a cliff and mammals fossils in the middle layer, what can be inferred?
a)
dinosaurs ate plants
b)
dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals
c)
they lived at the same time
d)
dinosaurs lived before the mammals
2.
The law of superposition states
a)
the oldest rock layer is on the top, the younger rock layer is on the bottom
b)
rock layers are always in sequence from oldest to youngest
c)
the youngest rock layer is on the bottom and the oldest is on the top
d)
the oldest layer is on the bottom and the youngest is on the top when it is undisturbed
3.
Ostrich wings are examples of
a)
homologous structures
b)
vestigial structures
c)
adaptations
d)
traits
4.
Dolphins have the same arm structure as wolfs, what type of evidence for evolution does this represent?
a)
DNA
b)
vestigial structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
embryology
5.
What is embryology?
a)
the age of organisms
b)
the oldest stage of development
c)
the life span of an organism
d)
the earliest growth stage of development
6.
This makes an organism more suited to its enviornment
a)
species
b)
lifespan
c)
adaptation
d)
mutation
7.
The tree of life is a metaphor for what idea?
a)
we came from a common ancestor
b)
we need water and sunlight to survive
c)
we have multiple species
d)
we are old
8.
This is a process by which organisms inherited advantageous traits that tend to reproduce more successfully than the other organisms do. 
a)
Artificial selection
b)
Natural selection
c)
Populations
d)
Environment
9.
This is a process in which organisms gradually change over time.
a)
Environment
b)
Competition
c)
Evolution
d)
Fossils
10.
These are natural differences within a species.
a)
Evolution
b)
Genetic variation
c)
Biological diversity
d)
Populations
11.
This is the variation of living organisms.
a)
Biological diversity
b)
Evolution
c)
Environment
d)
Natural selection
12.
In natural selection, the selective agent is the
a)
humans
b)
mutations
c)
breeders
d)
environment
13.
Mutations are important because they bring about
a)
death of the organism in which they develop
b)
genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
c)
benefits for the individual, not for the population
d)
Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population
14.
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as
a)
vestigial structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil structures
15.

What do we call structures that no longer perform their original function?

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Analogous Structure

c)

Vestigial Structure

d)

Homologous Structure

16.
What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?
a)
To look different from other species.
b)
To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.
c)
To protect itself against predators.
d)
To protect itself against prey.
17.
A fossil of an extinct dinosaur is found and the anatomy of the fossil shows similarities to that of a bird. What could this mean?
a)
This is purely by chance and isn't significant
b)
The extinct dinosaur and modern bird share a common ancestor
c)
All dinosaurs evolved into birds and that's why there aren't any dinosaurs alive today
d)
Dinosaurs choose to fly, and evolved into birds to escape predation and capture food
18.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
19.
Which of the following are examples of evidence for evolution?
a)
Fossils and Cellular Structure
b)
Biological Structures 
c)
Genetics/DNA
d)
All of the Above
20.

The three species pictured do not share a common ancestor, yet have evolved to have a similar anatomy and life style. This is an example of ?

a)

Homologous Structures

b)

Divergent Evolution

c)

Vestigial Organs

d)

Convergent Evolution

21.

The three species pictured share a common ancestor and have adapted so that each lives in a different environment. This is an example of

a)

Law of Superposition

b)

Evolutionary Arms Race

c)

Divergent Evolution

d)

Convergent Evolution

22.

What branch is dedicated to studying the organism in the image?

a)

Biogeography

b)

Embryology

c)

Ornithology

d)

Ichthyology

23.
A biological ____________ is a group of interbreeding populations that is reproductively isolated from other groups.
a)
species
b)
family
c)
phylogeny
d)
hybrid
24.
______ _________ explains how two or more organisms could evolve similar traits even though they are not related to each other.
a)
convergent evolution
b)
reproductive isolation
c)
derived characters
d)
hybrid vigor
25.
________ structures are reduced in size or function.
a)
vestigial
b)
homologous
c)
cladistic
d)
phylogenic
26.

What type of structures are shown?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

c)

Vestigial

d)

Heterologous

27.

What type of structures are shown?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

c)

Vestigial

d)

Heterologous

28.

The "Buzz Word" for evolution is-

a)

Cannon Ancestor

b)

Common Ancestor

c)

Common Analogy

d)

Common Anteater

29.

The "Best" form of evidence for evolutionary relationships is-

a)

Molecular- DNA

b)

Fossils

c)

Homologous Structures

d)

Analogous Structures

30.

According to fossil records, the horses that lived 50 million years ago were much smaller, weaker and slower than modern horses. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have led to the increased size, strength, and speed in horses?

a)

evolution by natural selection

b)

migration

c)

inbreeding

d)

commensalism

31.

Which of the following is not considered a VESTIGIAL structures in humans.

a)

coccyx

b)

appendix

c)

wisdom teeth

d)

kidneys

32.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
33.
Darwin’s finches is an example of this type of evolution.
a)
Divergent
b)
Coevolution
c)
Convergent
d)
Artificial
34.
Which layer is the oldest?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
35.
a)

Phyletic Speciation

b)

Adaptive Radiation

c)

Convergent Evoltion

d)

Divergent Evoltuion

e)

Co-evolution

36.
a)

Phyletic Speciation

b)

Adaptive Radiation

c)

Convergent Evoltion

d)

Divergent Evoltuion

e)

Co-evolution

37.

The Apple Maggot Fly infests the fruit of a native North American Hawthorn Apple tree. In the 1860s some maggot flies began to infest apples. Now there are two populations of the fly feeding on the two food sources. The populations rarely interbreed and are showing genetic differences and therefore are becoming two separate species.

a)

Phyletic Speciation

b)

Adaptive Radiation

c)

Convergent Evoltion

d)

Divergent Evoltuion

e)

Co-evolution

38.
What type of reproductive barrier separates species because one mates at dawn and the other at dusk?
a)
Habitat Isolation
b)
Behavioral Isolation
c)
Temporal Isolation
d)
Embryo Isolation
39.
The model that predicts evolution occurs in rapid bursts followed by long periods of no change is called...
a)
gradualism
b)
punctuated equilibrium
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
convergent evolution 
40.
In convergent evolution, organisms share physical similarities because they 
a)
have a common ancestor
b)
live in the same enviornment
c)
develop homologous structures
d)
are closely related 
41.
What is the correct defintion of a species?
a)
Same type of organisms living in an area.
b)
Same type of organisms that can reproduce.
c)
Organisms that can reproduce and fertilize offspring.
d)
Organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring.
42.
What type of evolution is the following:
The Galapagos tortoises share a common ancestor, but they have different neck lengths to help them in their environment.
a)
Divergent Evolution
b)
Convergent Evolution
c)
Co-Evolution
d)
Punctuated Equilibrium
43.
What type of evolution is the following:
Ostriches (birds) and giraffes (mammals) are both native to the savannahs of Africa. They share the same characteristic of a very long neck.
a)
Divergent Evolution
b)
Convergent Evolution
c)
Co-Evolution
d)
Punctuated Equilibrium
44.
Why are the beak sizes and shapes of Darwin’s finches different?
a)
They had different ancestors.
b)
They adapted to the type of predators.
c)
They adapted to the type of food available.
d)
They crossbred with different bird species.
45.
The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs gradually over time as a slow and constant process is known as
a)
speciation
b)
punctuated equilibrium
c)
gradualism
d)
microevolution
46.

Some female peacocks prefer males with large, colorful tales while other female peacocks prefer males with no tail at all. Females are now mating only with the tail they prefer. What type of reproductive barrier is this?

a)

behavioral isolation

b)

hybrid sterility

c)

temporal isolation

d)

mechanical isolation

47.
A flash flood carried a raft of Amazon ants away from their original population. There is enough distance between the two groups, that they will never meet in nature again. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
temporal isolation 
c)
gametic isolation
d)
geographic isolation 
48.
Which of the following must occur for speciation to happen?
a)
geographic isolation
b)
reproductive isolation
c)
temporal isolation
d)
behavioral isolation
49.
Gentoo penguins will present a mate with a pebble that they find to attract a mate. Emperor penguins have a specific call and movement that they make to attract a mate. Which type of isolation do these penguins demonstrate?
a)
temporal isolation 
b)
behavioral isolation
c)
geographical isolation
d)
anatomical isolation
50.

In the Great Lakes region of North America, gray wolves and coyotes are similar species but do not mate because their breeding periods occur at different times of the year.

a)

Geographic isolation

b)

Behavioral isolation

c)

Temporal isolation

51.

The females of two species of fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans release slightly different mating hormones called pheromones, which are used to attract male mates.

a)

Geographic isolation

b)

Behavioral isolation

c)

Temporal isolation

52.

The flashing pattern of the firefly (Lampyridae) is used to attract the opposite sex. Female fireflies only flash back and attract male fireflies who first signal them with a species-specific pattern of light.

a)

Geographic isolation

b)

Behavioral isolation

c)

Temporal isolation

53.

The American toad (Anaxyrus americanus) and Fowler's toad (Bufo fowleri) live in the same area. However, The American toad mates in early summer while Fowler’s mates in late summer.

a)

Geographic isolation

b)

Behavioral isolation

c)

Temporal isolation

54.

Albert’s squirrel and the Kaibab squirrel are distinct subspecies that live on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. They were once one species, but now differ significantly, including fur coloring.

a)

Geographic isolation

b)

Behavioral isolation

c)

Temporal isolation

55.

Tradescantia ohiensis, a plant also known as bluejacket and its relative, T. subaspera have similar reproductive mechanisms but do not mate, as one species lives in sun while the other lives in shade.

a)

Geographic isolation

b)

Behavioral isolation

c)

Temporal isolation

56.
Using this picture, what defense is this Hawk Moth displaying?
a)
camouflage
b)
emitting smells
c)
mimicry
d)
panting
57.

The arctic fox and snowshoe hare develop a white coat of fur during the winter months. What statement best describes this behavioral response?

a)

The color of the fur will attract a mate

b)

White fur allows the animals to reflect light and stay warm

c)

Snow falls during the winter and the white fur will camouflage the animals

d)

It becomes colder during the winter, so these animals need more fur to stay warm

58.

Which adaptation is this organism using?

a)

camouflage

b)

feet

c)

mimicry

d)

adaptations to hunt

59.

How do zebra stripes protect the zebra?

a)

When zebras run as a herd,stripes help the predators pick out one zebra.

b)

When zebras run as a herd,stripes help the zebras by not letting the predator pick out one zebra because they blend together and look like a blur of stripes.

c)

The zebra stripes don't have a purpose.

60.

Which adaptation for protection allows an animal to hide either from predators or prey?

a)

adoption

b)

adaption

c)

mimicry

d)

camouflage

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